Ceftriaxone-Induced Gallbladder Stones in Children

Gallbladder stones in children is one complication that is mostly seen in diseases such as hemolytic diseases, liver disease, and obesity. It can also be a secondary complication of long-duration use of antibiotics like ceftriaxone. However, gallbladder stone, together with sludge themselves, is unusual within the children's population. We observed three children with gallbladder stones who were on along course of intravenous ceftriaxone. In this study, we present the three cases of children aged between eleven months to seven years who were treated with high doses and for an extended period (more than two weeks) of intravenous ceftriaxone for a complicated systemic bacterial infection. The goal of this study is to raise awareness about the possibility of developing gallbladder stones in pediatric patients who receive a long course of intravenous ceftriaxone.

Secondary vaginal atresia following caesarean section: an unreported entity

Postpartum genital tract adhesions are infrequent and exact incidence is not reported. Severe dystocia, obstructed labour and frequent pelvic examinations have been proposed as possible causes of vaginal adhesion following vaginal delivery. Atresia/adhesions of vagina following caesarean section is very rare. Here, we report a rare case of 21-year-old P1L1 woman presenting with secondary amenorrhoea associated with cyclical abdominal pain following caesarean section. Per speculum examination showed a blind vagina with no communication with the upper one-third. We created a neovagina after adhesiolysis. We hope to increase the awareness of the obstetricians around the globe about postpartum genital tract adhesion, which may even occur as a rare secondary complication of caesarean section. We also wish to bring to the light of obstetricians that numerous pelvic examinations or difficult vaginal delivery may lead to genital tract trauma, and thus, must be minimised in an attempt to prevent postpartum genital tract adhesions.

SEVERE FORM OF GENERALIZED SARCOPTIC MANGE WITH SECONDARY PIOTRAUMATIC FOLLICULITIS IN DOGS: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL APPROACH

This paper describes a case of generalized sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in a stray dog found in the Kotor Varoš Municipality. Clinical and dermatological examinations revealed the suspicion of Sarcoptic mange in the dog, which was confirmed by the finding of eggs and adult forms of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. As a secondary complication of mange, the presence of staphylococcal pyotraumatic folliculitis was determined. Hematological examination revealed anemia and leukocytosis. In basic therapy, 0.4 mg/kg of ivermectin was administered parenterally, with cephalexin administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg every 12 hours. The therapy lasted 30 days. Control examinations did not reveal parasitic elements in the scraped surface layer of the skin. In the discussion of this paper, the epizootiological characteristics of the disease and the list of dog`s skin diseases, that should be distinguished from sarcoptic mange in everyday practice, are presented.

Dietary and Lifestyle Modification in the Preventation of Secondary Complication of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus metabolic cum vascular syndrome of multiple aetiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of CHO, Fat and Protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. This disorder is frequently associated with long term disease, which can lead to failure of organs like eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessel. In recent years India has witnessed a rapidly exploding epidemic of Diabetes. Indeed, India today leads the world with its largest number of Diabetic people in any given country. WHO estimates there are 32 million with Diabetes in India with Diabetes in 2000, which is projected to rise by 80 million by the year 2030? Increase in prevalence is rapid in urban areas from 2% 1970s to 12% in 2000 and in rural areas also it is now beginning to increase. Nutrition is often said to be the cornerstone of diabetes care. The goal for nutritional management is optimal metabolic control through a balance between food intake, physical activity, and if necessary, medication to avoid complications.