scholarly journals SEVERE FORM OF GENERALIZED SARCOPTIC MANGE WITH SECONDARY PIOTRAUMATIC FOLLICULITIS IN DOGS: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan VUJANIĆ́ ◽  
Oliver STEVANOVIĆ́ ◽  
Miljan DOBRIJEVIĆ́ ◽  
Igor TRBOJEVIĆ́ ◽  
Željko SLADOJEVIĆ́ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Secondary Complication

This paper describes a case of generalized sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in a stray dog found in the Kotor Varoš Municipality. Clinical and dermatological examinations revealed the suspicion of Sarcoptic mange in the dog, which was confirmed by the finding of eggs and adult forms of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. As a secondary complication of mange, the presence of staphylococcal pyotraumatic folliculitis was determined. Hematological examination revealed anemia and leukocytosis. In basic therapy, 0.4 mg/kg of ivermectin was administered parenterally, with cephalexin administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg every 12 hours. The therapy lasted 30 days. Control examinations did not reveal parasitic elements in the scraped surface layer of the skin. In the discussion of this paper, the epizootiological characteristics of the disease and the list of dog`s skin diseases, that should be distinguished from sarcoptic mange in everyday practice, are presented.

Seroprevalence and Dermatopathology of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis Infestation in Pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasenjit Debnath ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
Rahul Singh Arya ◽  
Chethan G E ◽  
Basanta Saikia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Large White ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Common Causes

Skin diseases can have an adverse impact on the production in a swine herd by causing decrease in growth rate and feed efficiency. Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis is one of the most common causes of mange in domestic and wild pigs. Keeping this point in view, a study on seroprevalence and dermatopathology of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis infestation in the pig population of Tripura has been undertaken. The presence of anti Sarcoptes antibodies (Immunoglobulin G) was detected by commercially available kit. In the present study, 189 pigs (11.81%) were found to be seropositive against Sarcoptes scabiei infestation out of 1600 screened pigs. Thirty one pigs out of 189 were found to be clinically positive and confirmed by microscopic examination. Examination of the skin scraping revealed various developmental stages viz., egg, larva, protonymph and adult of Sarcoptes mite. Occurrence of sarcoptic mange was found to be highest in young age group (67.72%, 128/189), male pigs (56.08%, 106/189) and Large White Yorkshire breed (47.08%). The highest and lowest occurrence of sarcoptic mange was noticed in winter (41.27%) and monsoon (7.94%) season, respectively. Clinical lesions were distributed most commonly in ear pinna (87.10%, 27/31) region. The presence of anti Sarcoptes antibodies was found to be highest in pigs having severe generalized skin lesions (70.0%). Histopathology of skin biopsy revealed a tunnel like ulcerated lesion in the skin with severe inflammatory cell infiltration in the core. The present study shows the high seroprevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in pigs in Tripura state and recommends for proper control measures. However, epidemiological studies involving larger population are required for comprehensive results.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mohsena Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

scholarly journals Sarcoptic mange in wild ruminants in Spain: solving the epidemiological enigma using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Moroni ◽  
Samer Angelone ◽  
Jesús M. Pérez ◽  
Anna Rita Molinar Min ◽  
Mario Pasquetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Capra Pyrenaica ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Genetic Strains

Abstract Background In Spain, sarcoptic mange was first described in native wildlife in 1987 in Cazorla Natural Park, causing the death of nearly 95% of the local native population of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Since then, additional outbreaks have been identified in several populations of ibex and other wild ungulate species throughout the country. Although the first epizootic outbreak in wildlife was attributed to the introduction of an infected herd of domestic goats, the origin and the cause of its persistence remain unclear. The main aims of this study are to understand (i) the number of Sarcoptes scabiei “strains” circulating in wild ruminant populations in Spain, and (ii) the molecular epidemiological relationships between S. scabiei and its hosts. Methods Ten Sarcoptes microsatellite markers were used to characterize the genetic structure of 266 mites obtained from skin scrapings of 121 mangy wild ruminants between 2011 and 2019 from 11 areas in Spain. Results Seventy-three different alleles and 37 private alleles were detected. The results of this study show the existence of three genetic strains of S. scabiei in the wild ruminant populations investigated. While two genetic clusters of S. scabiei were host- and geography-related, one cluster included multi-host mites deriving from geographically distant populations. Conclusions The molecular epidemiological study of S. scabiei in wild ruminants in Spain indicates that the spreading and persistence of the parasite may be conditioned by host species community composition and the permissiveness of each host population/community to the circulation of individual “strains,” among other factors. Wildlife–livestock interactions and the role of human-driven introduction or trade of wild and domestic animals should be better investigated to prevent further spread of sarcoptic mange in as yet unaffected natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Molecular Survey of Sarcoptic Mange in Wildlife: Diagnostic Performance in Wolf Faecal Samples Evaluated by Multi-Event Capture–Recapture Models

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Julieta Rousseau ◽  
Mónia Nakamura ◽  
Helena Rio-Maior ◽  
Francisco Álvares ◽  
Rémi Choquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Event Capture

Sarcoptic mange is globally enzootic, and non-invasive methods with high diagnostic specificity for its surveillance in wildlife are lacking. We describe the molecular detection of Sarcoptes scabiei in non-invasively collected faecal samples, targeting the 16S rDNA gene. We applied this method to 843 Iberian wolf Canis lupus signatus faecal samples collected in north-western Portugal (2006–2018). We further integrated this with serological data (61 samples from wolf and 20 from red fox Vulpes vulpes, 1997–2019) in multi-event capture–recapture models. The mean predicted prevalence by the molecular analysis of wolf faecal samples from 2006–2018 was 7.2% (CI95 5.0–9.4%; range: 2.6–11.7%), highest in 2009. The mean predicted seroprevalence in wolves was 24.5% (CI95 18.5–30.6%; range: 13.0–55.0%), peaking in 2006–2009. Multi-event capture–recapture models estimated 100% diagnostic specificity and moderate diagnostic sensitivity (30.0%, CI95 14.0–53.0%) for the molecular method. Mange-infected individually identified wolves showed a tendency for higher mortality versus uninfected wolves (ΔMortality 0.150, CI95 −0.165–0.458). Long-term serology data highlights the endemicity of sarcoptic mange in wild canids but uncovers multi-year epidemics. This study developed and evaluated a novel method for surveying sarcoptic mange in wildlife populations by the molecular detection of S. scabiei in faecal samples, which stands out for its high specificity and non-invasive character.

CONGENITAL CUTIS LAXA: A RARE GENODERMATOSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Vinaya Ajaykumar Singh ◽  
Mazhar Khan ◽  
Poonam Wade ◽  
Navina Desai ◽  
Sushma Malik
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Menkes Disease ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Cutis Laxa ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Abnormalities

Cutis Laxa (CL) / generalized elastolysis / dermatomegaly is a heterogeneous group of disorders which are related to elastic tissue abnormalities. Depending on extent of abnormal elastic tissue, it may be mild or severe. Severe form presents with loose, inelastic, wrinkled skin resembling ill tted suit. Infant has characteristic facial features like old man appearance, a hooked nose, a short columella, a long upper lip with long philtrum, and everted lower eyelids. CL is categorised as congenital or acquired and the inheritance can be autosomal dominant or recessive, or X linked. Occasionally a few metabolic disorders like Menkes disease, disorders of glycosylation are associated with Congenital CL. Acquired cutis laxa has developed after a febrile illness and various inammatory skin diseases. Here we present a case of a full-term SGA (small for gestational age) female child born with features of CL.

scholarly journals Postpartum vaginal cystic lesions: everyday practice or a differential diagnosis challenge?

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Machairiotis ◽  
Ioannis Tourountous ◽  
Alexandros Karamperis ◽  
Paul Zarogoulidis ◽  
Anastasia Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Cystic Lesions

scholarly journals Of microbes and mange: consistent changes in the skin microbiome of three canid species infected with Sarcoptes scabiei mites

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. DeCandia ◽  
Kennedy N. Leverett ◽  
Bridgett M. vonHoldt
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

Abstract Background Sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Although it afflicts over 100 mammal species worldwide, sarcoptic mange remains a disease obscured by variability at the individual, population and species levels. Amid this variability, it is critical to identify consistent drivers of morbidity, particularly at the skin barrier. Methods Using culture-independent next generation sequencing, we characterized the skin microbiome of three species of North American canids: coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). We compared alpha and beta diversity between mange-infected and uninfected canids using the Kruskal–Wallis test and multivariate analysis of variance with permutation. We used analysis of composition of microbes and gneiss balances to perform differential abundance testing between infection groups. Results We found remarkably consistent signatures of microbial dysbiosis associated with mange infection. Across genera, mange-infected canids exhibited reduced microbial diversity, altered community composition and increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens. The primary bacteria comprising secondary infections were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, previously associated with canid ear and skin infections, and Corynebacterium spp., previously found among the gut flora of S. scabiei mites and hematophagous arthropods. Conclusions This evidence suggests that sarcoptic mange infection consistently alters the canid skin microbiome and facilitates secondary bacterial infection, as seen in humans and other mammals infected with S. scabiei mites. These results provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of mange at the skin barrier of North American canids and can inspire novel treatment strategies. By adopting a “One Health” framework that considers mites, microbes and the potential for interspecies transmission, we can better elucidate the patterns and processes underlying this ubiquitous and enigmatic disease.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal spread of sarcoptic mange in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland over more than 60 years: lessons learnt from comparative analysis of multiple surveillance tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Roberto Rolando Pisano ◽  
Fridolin Zimmermann ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
Simon Capt ◽  
Ezgi Akdesir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
General Health ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Combining Data

Abstract Background Sarcoptic mange is a contagious skin disease of wild and domestic mammals caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Reports of sarcoptic mange in wildlife increased worldwide in the second half of the 20th century, especially since the 1990s. The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the epidemiology of mange by (i) documenting the emergence of sarcoptic mange in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the last decades in Switzerland; and (ii) describing its spatiotemporal spread combining data obtained through different surveillance methods. Methods Retrospective analysis of archived material together with prospective data collection delivered a large dataset from the 19th century to 2018. Methods included: (i) a review of historical literature; (ii) screening of necropsy reports from general health surveillance (1958–2018); (iii) screening of data on mange (1968–1992) collected during the sylvatic rabies eradication campaign; (iv) a questionnaire survey (<1980–2017) and (v) evaluation of camera-trap bycatch data (2005–2018). Results Sarcoptic mange in red foxes was reported as early as 1835 in Switzerland. The first case diagnosed in the framework of the general health surveillance was in 1959. Prior to 1980, sarcoptic mange occurred in non-adjacent surveillance districts scattered all over the country. During the period of the rabies epidemic (1970s-early 1990s), the percentage of foxes tested for rabies with sarcoptic mange significantly decreased in subregions with rabies, whereas it remained high in the few rabies-free subregions. Sarcoptic mange re-emerged in the mid-1990s and continuously spread during the 2000–2010s, to finally extend to the whole country in 2017. The yearly prevalence of mange in foxes estimated by camera-trapping ranged from 0.1–12%. Conclusions Sarcoptic mange has likely been endemic in Switzerland as well as in other European countries at least since the mid-19th century. The rabies epidemics seem to have influenced the pattern of spread of mange in several locations, revealing an interesting example of disease interaction in free-ranging wildlife populations. The combination of multiple surveillance tools to study the long-term dynamics of sarcoptic mange in red foxes in Switzerland proved to be a successful strategy, which underlined the usefulness of questionnaire surveys.

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