Impact of Probiotic and Zinc on Brush-border Enzyme and Histoenzymatic Profile in the Small Intestine of Pre and Post-weaned Piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Kalita ◽  
M. Talukdar ◽  
K. Sarma ◽  
P.C. Kalita ◽  
J.M. Gali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

Background: Probiotics and zinc are commonly used and beneficial in pig production. This work aimed to assess the effect of probiotic and zinc on brush-border enzyme activity and histoenzymatic study of the small intestine in pre and post-weaned piglets. Methods: Eighteen LWY piglets were divided equally into control and treatment groups. The piglets were maintained in standard management conditions and were weaned at 28 days of age. The treatment group of piglets fed a mixture of probiotics orally @ 1.25 x 109 CFU/day and zinc @ 2000 ppm/day from birth to 10 days of age. At three different age-groups viz. day 20 (pre-weaning), day 30 (weaning) and day 60 (post-weaning), the animals were sacrificed. For disaccharidase enzyme estimation, the mucosal brush border of the small intestine was scrapped off and the experiment was conducted. For histoenzymatic assay, the small intestine samples were preserved in liquid nitrogen at -196ºC immediately after sacrifice. They were sectioned at 10µm thickness maintained at -20ºC and stained for different histochemical staining. The statistical analysis of the data using the appropriate statistical tests was also conducted. Result: The activity of different brush-border enzymes such as maltase, sucrase and lactase was more in the treatment group of piglets. The activity of different histochemical enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine tri-phosphatase and non-specific esterase was increased in the treated group of piglets.

​Expression Profiling of Cytokine-related Genes in the Small Intestine of Healthy Pre and Post-weaned Piglets Administered Orally with Probiotic and Zinc

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Kalita ◽  
Manmath Talukdar ◽  
Pranab Chandra Kalita ◽  
Nagendra Nath Barman ◽  
Parimal Roychoudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Zinc Supplement

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate alterations in the immunological status of the small intestine after dietary inclusion of probiotic and zinc in pre and post-weaned piglets. Methods: For the present study, 18 healthy Large White Yorkshire (LWY) piglets, irrespective of sex, were divided into three different age groups [pre-weaning (20 days old, n = 3), weaning (30 days old, n = 3) and post-weaning (60 days old, n = 3)]. The piglets were weaned at 28 days of age. They were divided into control group (C) fed with basal diet and treatment group (T) fed with combined probiotic and zinc oral supplement along with the basal diet. A probiotic mixture consisted of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum (1.25x109cfu/d for 10 days) along with zinc supplement (ZnO @ 2000 ppm/d for 10 days) administered orally to the treatment group of piglets. Result: The relative expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 genes was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the treatment group of piglets as compared to the control group. However, the expression of IL-8, IL-12p40 and IL-18 genes were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) after oral administration of probiotic and zinc to the piglets.

Interrelationships between gut morphology and faeces consistency in newly weaned piglets

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Vente-Spreeuwenberg ◽  
J. M. A. J. Verdonk ◽  
A. C. Beynen ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

AbstractA total of 104 weanling piglets was used to study the interrelationships between faeces consistency and mucosal integrity, as assessed by specific aminopeptidase and isomaltase-sucrase activity, villus height and crypt depth. Piglets were weaned at 26 (s.d. 1·4) days of age, weighing 8·4 (s.d. 0·70) kg. On the day of weaning (day 0), dissection was performed on one group of eight piglets. The remaining piglets were given restricted amounts of diets containing different protein sources. However, during the first 7 days post weaning 72% of the piglets ate on average less than 0·9 of the amount offered and thus actually had ad libitum access to food. On days 3 or 7 post weaning pigs were weighed and euthanased. Diet composition did not effect small intestine integrity and the data were pooled for further analysis. The weight of the stomach, large intestine and pancreas increased with time post weaning (P < 0·001). Small intestine weight decreased from day 0 to 3 and was increased again on day 7, exceeding the pre-weaning value (P < 0·001). Isomaltase-sucrase and aminopeptidase activities were decreased on days 3 and 7 when compared with day 0. Villus height was decreased after weaning, followed by an increase on day 7 post weaning at the proximal small intestine, but by a further decrease at the mid small intestine (P < 0·001). Crypt depth was increased after weaning (P < 0·001). Faeces consistency was scored twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 with increasing liquid nature. The average percentage of days during which piglets had more-liquid faeces was 26%. During the 1st week post weaning, 73% of the piglets showed a faeces score of 2 during at least 1 day. Villus height was positively correlated with food intake level, brush-border enzyme activity and dry matter content of the chyme. Villus height was negatively correlated with more-liquid faeces. Crypt depth was positively associated with the weight of various parts of the gastro-intestinal tract. It is concluded that this study supports the concept that food intake by weaned piglets determines villus height in the small intestine and brush-border enzyme production which in turn determine the risk of diarrhoea development.

Brush border enzyme activities in the small intestine after long-term gliadin feeding in animal models of human cœliac disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kozáková ◽  
R. Štěpánková ◽  
J. Kolínská ◽  
M. A. Farré ◽  
D. P. Funda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

scholarly journals Age related increase of brush border enzyme activities along the small intestine.

Gut ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1557-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Raul ◽  
F Gosse ◽  
M Doffoel ◽  
P Darmenton ◽  
J Y Wessely
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme ◽  
Related Increase

scholarly journals Age related increase of brush border enzyme activities along the small intestine.

Gut ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Holt ◽  
D P Kotler ◽  
K Y Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme ◽  
Related Increase

Different diuresis-dependent excretions of urinary enzymes: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Jung ◽  
G Schulze ◽  
C Reinholdt
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Brush Border Enzymes ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

Abstract We studied how much of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and of the brush-border enzymes alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) was excreted in urine over 8 h after a high intake of fluid (22 mL per kilogram of body weight). The hourly excretion of all four enzymes increased with the increasing urine flow rate. The excretion rate of the brush-border enzymes was more markedly influenced than that of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. By relating the enzyme excretion to urinary creatinine we could reduce the variability of brush-border enzyme output and could completely compensate for the effect of diuresis on the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase.

scholarly journals A combined microphysiological-computational omics approach in dietary protein evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulus G. M. Jochems ◽  
Willem R. Keusters ◽  
Antoine H. P. America ◽  
Pascale C. S. Rietveld ◽  
Shanna Bastiaan-Net ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
World Population ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Peptide Composition ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

AbstractFood security is under increased pressure due to the ever-growing world population. To tackle this, alternative protein sources need to be evaluated for nutritional value, which requires information on digesta peptide composition in comparison to established protein sources and coupling to biological parameters. Here, a combined experimental and computational approach is presented, which compared seventeen protein sources with cow’s whey protein concentrate (WPC) as the benchmark. In vitro digestion of proteins was followed by proteomics analysis and statistical model-based clustering. Information on digesta peptide composition resulted in 3 cluster groups, primarily driven by the peptide overlap with the benchmark protein WPC. Functional protein data was then incorporated in the computational model after evaluating the effects of eighteen protein digests on intestinal barrier integrity, viability, brush border enzyme activity, and immune parameters using a bioengineered intestine as microphysiological gut system. This resulted in 6 cluster groups. Biological clustering was driven by viability, brush border enzyme activity, and significant differences in immune parameters. Finally, a combination of proteomic and biological efficacy data resulted in 5 clusters groups, driven by a combination of digesta peptide composition and biological effects. The key finding of our holistic approach is that protein source (animal, plant or alternative derived) is not a driving force behind the delivery of bioactive peptides and their biological efficacy.

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