Effect of Rumen Protected Methionine and Choline on Blood Biochemical Metabolites, Milk Yield and its Composition during Transition Period in Surti Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Rathwa ◽  
S.S. Chaudhary ◽  
V.K. Singh ◽  
S.B. Patel ◽  
T.D. Manat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Liver Health

Background: Methionine and choline supplementation can aid in nutritionally managing transition Surti buffaloes. Present study has evaluated blood biochemical metabolites, milk yield and its changes in composition on supplementation of rumen protected methionine (RPM) and choline (RPC) in transition Surti buffaloes. Methods: Twenty-seven pregnant multiparous Surti buffaloes in three groups (n=9) from -15 d to 30 d postpartum received supplementation as: T1 (Control: basal diet), T2 (basal diet + RPM@10 gm/animal/day) and T3 (basal diet + RPM@10 gm/animal/day + RPC@ 50 gm/animal/day). Sample was collected at beginning, 1st, 3rd and 6th week for blood and at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th week postpartum for milk. Milk yield was recorded upto 100 days postpartum. Result: Postpartum TC, HDL and VLDL differed significantly (P less than 0.05) being highest in T3 and lowest in control (T1) whereas it was reverse for NEFA and BHBA. Supplemented groups had significantly lower TG levels at 1st and 3rd week postpartum. Milk fat upto 9th and SNF, protein, lactose, TAS, Ca, P and Mg upto 6th week were significantly (P less than 0.05) highest in T3, followed by T2 and T1. It was concluded that RPC along with RPM supplementation is more beneficial than only RPM supplementation in terms of enhancing liver health, reducing negative energy balance and improving milk quality.

scholarly journals Energy Balance Indicators during the Transition Period and Early Lactation of Purebred Holstein and Simmental Cows and Their Crosses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Deise Aline Knob ◽  
André Thaler Neto ◽  
Helen Schweizer ◽  
Anna C. Weigand ◽  
Roberto Kappes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fat Thickness

Crossbreeding in dairy cattle has been used to improve functional traits, milk composition, and efficiency of Holstein herds. The objective of the study was to compare indicators of the metabolic energy balance, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, body condition score (BCS) back fat thickness (BFT), as well as milk yield and milk composition of Holstein and Simmental cows, and their crosses from the prepartum period until the 100th day of lactation at the Livestock Center of the Ludwig Maximilians University (Munich, Germany). In total, 164 cows formed five genetic groups according to their theoretic proportion of Holstein and Simmental genes as follows: Holstein (100% Holstein; n = 9), R1-Hol (51–99% Holstein; n = 30), first generation (F1) crossbreds (50% Holstein, 50% Simmental; n = 17), R1-Sim (1–49% Holstein; n = 81) and Simmental (100% Simmental; n = 27). The study took place between April 2018 and August 2019. BCS, BFT blood parameters, such as BHBA, glucose, and NEFA were recorded weekly. A mixed model analysis with fixed effects breed, week (relative to calving), the interaction of breed and week, parity, calving year, calving season, milking season, and the repeated measure effect of cow was used. BCS increased with the Simmental proportion. All genetic groups lost BCS and BFT after calving. Simmental cows showed lower NEFA values. BHBA and glucose did not differ among genetic groups, but they differed depending on the week relative to calving. Simmental and R1-Sim cows showed a smaller effect than the other genetic groups regarding changes in body weight, BCS, or back fat thickness after a period of a negative energy balance after calving. There was no significant difference for milk yield among genetic groups, although Simmental cows showed a lower milk yield after the third week after calving. Generally, Simmental and R1-Simmental cows seemed to deal better with a negative energy balance after calving than purebred Holstein and the other crossbred lines. Based on a positive heterosis effect of 10.06% for energy corrected milk (ECM), the F1, however, was the most efficient crossbred line.

scholarly journals Structural and non-structural carbohydrates in concentrate supplements of silage-based dairy cow rations. 1. Feed intake and milk production.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
H. de Visser ◽  
P.L. van der Togt ◽  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Silage Maize

A feeding trial was carried out with 64 multiparous dairy cows, in which the effect of type of carbohydrate in concentrate mixtures (starch vs. cell wall constituents) and differences in rumen degradation (fast vs. slow) on feed intake and milk yield were studied. The experiment started immediately after parturition and lasted for 15 wk. The basal diet, which comprised 75% of the total DM intake, consisted of wilted grass silage, maize silage and concentrates. The remaining part of the diet consisted of barley (B), maize (M), pressed ensiled beet pulp (P) or moist ensiled maize bran (MB). All diets were given as totally mixed rations. Total intake of DM and net energy did not differ between diets, but differences were found in energy partition. There was a tendency for cows given diet B to show increased liveweight gain, while cows given P mobilized more body reserves compared with the other treatments. Milk yield did not differ between diets, but milk fat content was higher for diet P. Milk protein content was higher for diets B and M compared with P and MB. The lower protein content of the milk of treatment P can be explained by a longer period of negative energy balance, while the lower milk protein in cows given diet MB probably resulted from reduced microbial protein synthesis. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Evaluation of immuno-regulatory cytokines and negative energy balance markers drift of zebu cows during the transition period

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Singh ◽  
Shanker K. Singh ◽  
Arvind K. Tripathi ◽  
Udayraj P. Nakade ◽  
Soumen Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Zebu Cows

1154 Feed restriction-induced negative energy balance alters the fatty acid profiles of adipose tissue and milk fat of dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 553-554
Author(s):  
S. E. Schmidt ◽  
K. M. Thelen ◽  
C. L. Preseault ◽  
G. A. Contreras ◽  
A. L. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

scholarly journals Negative Energy Balance Influences Nutritional Quality of Milk from Czech Fleckvieh Cows due Changes in Proportion of Fatty Acids

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Jan Beran ◽  
Monika Okrouhlá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Samples

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of negative energy balance on fatty acids proportion in the milk of Czech Fleckvieh cows after calving. Milk quality was determined based on fatty acid group proportion. Milk quality was evaluated in relation to selected negative energy balance (NEB) traits: body condition change (DEC) and milk citric acid content (CAC) after calving. Milk samples (n = 992) were collected once per week from 248 Czech Fleckvieh cows during the first month of lactation. Fatty acid content (%) in milk samples was determined and results were grouped as saturated (SFA) (hypercholesterolemic or volatile fatty acids) or unsaturated (UFA) (monounsaturated or polyunsaturated). Our results showed that cows with a deep NEB produce milk that is healthier for human consumption. Cows with a more significant DEC or the highest level of CAC in milk had the lowest proportion of SFA and the highest proportion of UFA (p < 0.01). These cows experienced higher physiological stress after calving; however, they produced milk of higher nutritional quality. Nowadays, we can see preventive efforts to mitigate NEB periods as a result of modern breeding trends regarding vitality, robustness, or longevity.

scholarly journals Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xuemei Nan ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yiguang Zhao ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Research Progress

With the improvement in the intense genetic selection of dairy cows, advanced management strategies, and improved feed quality and disease control, milk production level has been greatly improved. However, the negative energy balance (NEB) is increasingly serious at the postpartum stage because the intake of nutrients cannot meet the demand of quickly improved milk production. The NEB leads to a large amount of body fat mobilization and consequently the elevated production of ketones, which causes metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver. The high milk production of dairy cows in early lactation aggravates NEB. The metabolic diseases lead to metabolic disorders, a decrease in reproductive performance, and lactation performance decline, seriously affecting the health and production of cows. Propylene glycol (PG) can alleviate NEB through gluconeogenesis and inhibit the synthesis of ketone bodies. In addition, PG improves milk yield, reproduction, and immune performance by improving plasma glucose and liver function in ketosis cows, and reduces milk fat percentage. However, a large dose of PG (above 500 g/d) has toxic and side effects in cows. The feeding method used was an oral drench. The combination of PG with some other additives can improve the effects in preventing ketosis. Overall, the present review summarizes the recent research progress in the impacts of NEB in dairy cows and the properties of PG in alleviating NEB and reducing the risk of ketosis.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Ruminal Fluid Markers of Dairy Cows Supplemented with a Combination of Yeast Culture and Hydrolyzed Yeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Tatiele Mumbach ◽  
Raquel Fraga e Silva Raimondo ◽  
Claudia Faccio Demarco ◽  
Vanessa Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Rodrigo Chaves Barcellos Grazziotin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum

Background: In order to reduce the effects of a negative energy balance, some measures have been taken into account in nutritional management during the transition period. The use of yeast, has been a good alternative used to improve the rumen metabolism and helping the adjustment of the microbiotato the new diet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast on the metabolism of dairy cows during the transition period.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was conducted in a semi-extensive system, using 20 Holstein cows, divided equally into a control group (CG) and a supplemented group (SG). The SG received 28 g/animal/day of a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast from 20 ± 2 days pre-calving until early lactation (18 ± 3 days). Serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin and urea were determined at calving, and for three time points during the early postpartum period and three time points during the early lactation period. Regarding energy metabolism, prepartum concentrations of NEFA were higher than the physiological standard in both groups. However, NEFA, albumin and urea decreased during the early postpartum period in the supplemented animals and could be attributed to the yeast in enhancing ruminal microorganisms’ cellulolytic capacity, increasing fibre digestibility and starch utilization.Discussion: The increased concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) due to the mobilization of fat deposits that happens in the transition period, especially in the postpartum period reflects the cow’s adaptation to the negative energy balance (NEB). The lower concentrations of NEFA observed in the present study could be attributed to the effect of the yeast in enhancing the ruminal microorganisms’ cellulolytic capacity. The control cows had a BCS within the recommended range while the supplemented group had it close to the minimal limit proposed for this period. Thus, supplemented cows lost less BCS during the early postpartum period, had a lower BCS loss during the experimental period and had lower NEFA concentration that the CG. It was possible to observe a difference in serum albumin and urea between treatments only in the postpartum period. Besides showing no significant effect in BCS on prepartum period, control cows had a BCS within the recommended range while the supplemented group had it close to the minimal limit proposed for this period. Cows with high BCS prepartum had higher plasma NEFA before and after calving. It can be observed in the present study in both groups. However, a positive effect in prevent subclinical disorders might be attributed to YC, since the SG showed low NEFA plasma levels compared to the CG.  Thus, supplemented cows lost less BCS during the early postpartum period, had a lower BCS loss during the experimental period and had lower NEFA concentration that the CG. There is a negative correlation between BCS and NEFA in the early postpartum period and this information explains the results observed in the present study where BCS declines in the SG are followed by a NEFA increase. This is not so marked in the CG, indicating that SG supplementation can act by improving digestibility. Yeast supplementation promotes higher output energy, enhancing postpartum performance in dairy cows. Yeast supplementation showed benefits in early lactation compared to the prepartum and early postpartum periods, suggesting that supplementation has to have an adaptation period to be effective in protein synthesis. In conclusion, supplementation with a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast to cows during the transition period can positively influence the energy and protein metabolism, reducing the collateral effects of negative energy balance.

scholarly journals Metabolic evaluation of dairy cows submitted to three different strategies to decrease the effects of negative energy balance in early postpartum

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra M.B García ◽  
Felipe C Cardoso ◽  
Rómulo Campos ◽  
Diego X Thedy ◽  
Félix H.D González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis

In early lactation dairy cattle suffer metabolic alterations caused by negative energy balance, which predisposes to fatty liver and ketosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of high yielding dairy cows subjected to three treatments for preventing severe lipomobilization and ketosis in early lactation. Fifty four multiparous Holstein cows yielding >30 L/day were divided into four groups: control (CN= no treatment), glucose precursor (PG= propylene-glycol), hepatic protector (Mp= Mercepton®), and energy supplement with salts of linolenic and linoleic faty acids (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Treatments were administrated randomly at moment of calving until 8 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 postpartum. Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated at the same periods and milk yield was recorded at 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of lactation. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, AST, ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), cholesterol, glucose, total protein, urea and triglycerides were analyzed in blood samples. Cut-off points for subclinical ketosis were defined when BHBA >1.4 mmol/L and NEFA >0.7 mmol/L. General occurrence of subclinical ketosis was 24% during the period. An ascendant curve of cholesterol and glucose was observed from the 1st to the 8th week of lactation, while any tendency was observed with BHBA and NEFA, although differences among treatments were detected (p<0.05). BCS decreased from a mean of 3.85 at 1st week to 2.53 at 8th week of lactation (p=0.001). Milk yield was higher in the Mg-E group compared with the other treatment groups (p<0.05) Compared with the CN group, the treatments with Mp and PG did not show significant differences in blood biochemistry and milk yield. Cows receiving PG and Mg-E showed higher values of BHBA and NEFA (P<0.05), indicating accentuated lipomobilization. Supplementation with Mg-E also resulted in significant higher concentrations of cholesterol, BHBA, urea, AST and lower values of glycemia. This performance may be explained by the highest milk yield observed with this treatment. Treatments with PG and Mp did not improve milk yield, compared with control cows, but did not show metabolic evidence of ketosis, fat mobilization or fatty liver. These results suggest that treatment with Mg-E improves milk production but induces a higher negative energy balance leading to moderated lipomobilization and ketone bodies production, increasing the risk of fatty liver.

Niacin feeding to fresh dairy cows: immediate effects on health and milk production

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Havlin ◽  
P. H. Robinson ◽  
J. E. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Component ◽  
B Vitamin

Early lactation dairy cows are frequently in negative energy balance and susceptible to ketosis, fatty liver and metritis. Because of its anti-lipolytic properties, the B-vitamin niacin could reduce negative energy balance by reducing non-esterified fatty acids for ketogenesis, thereby reducing hyperketonemia. We determined effects of feeding ruminally protected niacin (RPNi) on lipolysis during the fresh period using blood non-esterified fatty acids concentrations as a ketosis indicator, blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations as an indicator of lipid mobilisation, as well as dry matter (DM) intake, milk and milk component yields, in 906 multi-parity Holstein cows from ~14 days before calving through the immediate fresh period. Prior to calving, cows were co-mingled in one pen and fed the same total mixed ration without RPNi. Between 24 and 36 h postpartum, cows were assigned to fresh pens and fed the same fresh cow total mixed ration, except for RPNi at 0, 3.5, 7 or 14 g niacin/cow.day. During the close-up and fresh periods, cows were sampled for tail vein blood. Milk yield and composition was measured twice at a 140-days interval in the fresh pens postpartum. The 3.5 g/day RPNi feeding tended to decrease ketosis prevalence (% of cows with β-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 1.44 mg/dL) from 36% to 20% (P = 0.06) and also tended (P = 0.07) to increase DM intake from 19.3 to 21.5 kg DM/day versus Control. The RPNi effect tended to increase with duration of RPNi feeding, with no effects at 7 ± 3.9 days in milk, but milk (P = 0.10), milk fat (P = 0.11) and milk energy (P = 0.07) yields tending to be higher at 21 ± 3.9 days in milk. Conversely, 14 g/day RPNi had no effect on ketosis prevalence or DM intake. However, milk (P = 0.10), milk fat (P = 0.11) and milk energy (P = 0.07) yields tended to decrease versus Control. Overall, low level RPNi feeding was judged to improve health and production in fresh cows, but higher feeding levels had clear negative impacts.

Effect of energy status on milk production responses to dietary addition of fat in cows

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
P.A. Martin ◽  
D.G. Chamberlain ◽  
J.J. Choung ◽  
S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Adding appropriate fats to diets for dairy cows has the potential to improve the acceptability of dairy products to the health-conscious consumer by increasing the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids in milk fat. However, concentrations of protein in milk are often concurrently depressed. In these respects responses to fat resemble those seen in animals in negative energy balance, where the contribution of fatty acids mobilized from adipose tissue to milk fat synthesis leads to similar changes in milk fat composition, and milk protein concentrations are relatively low.These similarities give rise to two questions: (i) do the metabolic adaptations during negative energy balance influence the utilization of dietary fat for milk fat synthesis, and (ii) is the mechanism whereby milk protein is depressed the same in both cases? As a preliminary investigation of this, an experiment was conducted to compare the effects of dietary fat supplementation on performance of lactating cows either mobilizing or depositing body tissue.

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