The effect of replacing fishmeal with kikuyu leaf meal on the activity of digestive enzymes and growth in Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Hlophe-Ginindza ◽  
N.A.G. Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Tilapia Rendalli ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The effect of replacing fishmeal with kikuyu on digestive enzyme activities was investigated in Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus. Five diets (30% CP: 20 MJ GE kg-1 DM) were formulated. In the control diet, fishmeal was replaced at 25, 50, 75 and 100% by kikuyu leaf meal. Each diet was assigned to three groups of 20 fish (per species). Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 60 days. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in protease, amylase and lipase activities at higher kikuyu inclusion. Protease activities were higher in T. rendalli followed by O. mossambicus and C. gariepinus had the lowest activities. The inability of the fish to produce enough enzymes at higher kikuyu inclusions resulted in significantly lower growth performance and poor protein digestibility. This decrease was more pronounced in C. gariepinus than the tilapias.

scholarly journals Some Physiological Responses of Clarias gariepinus Fed Graded Levels of Cirina forda Larvae Based Diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p160
Author(s):  
Adewumi, A.A. ◽  
Idowu, E.O. ◽  
Edward, J.B. ◽  
Iwalaye, O.A. ◽  
Fadiya, O.O. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cirina Forda ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The study examined the growth performance, hematological and digestive enzymes of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed Cirina forda meal (CFM) based diets in the laboratory for a period of 10weeks. Five iso-nitrogenous (30%) experimental diets were formulated at various levels of CFM inclusion levels of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, designated as diets Q, A10, B20, C30, D40 and E50 respectively. Fish fed the CFM based diets showed mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) comparable to the control diet. There was significant differences in the digestive enzyme activities of the fish as the CFM level in the experimental diets increased. Protease and maltase activities significantly increased, with diet C30 recording the highest maltase activity (4.37) while the cellulase and glucanase activities of the fish significantly (P<0.05) reduced. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the PCV and RBC of the blood of the fish fed the various diets. Highest RBC (2.75 x106/µL) was obtained in fish fed the control diet while the lowest (2.55 x106/µL) was recorded in the fish fed diet E50. The White Blood Cell count and the Neutrophils of the fish fed the trial diets were not significantly higher (P>0.05) than those of the fish fed the control diets. From the results of this experiment, it is concluded that up to 50% inclusion level of Cirina forda meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus was tolerable for good growth and physiological well-being of the fish.

scholarly journals Jasmonate-independent regulation of digestive enzyme activity in the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3749-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Kocáb ◽  
Jana Jakšová ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
René Lenobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Abstract Carnivorous plants within the order Caryophyllales use jasmonates, a class of phytohormone, in the regulation of digestive enzyme activities. We used the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina from the order Lamiales to investigate whether jasmonate signaling is a universal and ubiquitous signaling pathway that exists outside the order Caryophyllales. We measured the electrical signals, enzyme activities, and phytohormone tissue levels in response to prey capture. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins in the digestive secretion. We identified eight enzymes in the digestive secretion, many of which were previously found in other genera of carnivorous plants. Among them, alpha-amylase is unique in carnivorous plants. Enzymatic activities increased in response to prey capture; however, the tissue content of jasmonic acid and its isoleucine conjugate remained rather low in contrast to the jasmonate response to wounding. Enzyme activities did not increase in response to the exogenous application of jasmonic acid or coronatine. Whereas similar digestive enzymes were co-opted from plant defense mechanisms among carnivorous plants, the mode of their regulation differs. The butterwort has not co-opted jasmonate signaling for the induction of enzyme activities in response to prey capture. Moreover, the presence of alpha-amylase in digestive fluid of P. × Tina, which has not been found in other genera of carnivorous plants, might indicate that non-defense-related genes have also been co-opted for carnivory.

scholarly journals Protein sources and digestive enzyme activities in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lazzari ◽  
João Radünz Neto ◽  
Fabio de Araújo Pedron ◽  
Vania Lucia Loro ◽  
Alexandra Pretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Digestive enzymes activity influence feed utilization by fish, and its understanding is important to optimize diet formulation. This study reports the digestive enzyme activities of jundiá juveniles fed diets with protein sources. Fish were fed six experimental diets for 90 days: MBY (meat and bone meal + sugar cane yeast), SY (soybean meal + sugar cane yeast), S (soybean meal), MBS (meat and bone meal + soybean meal), FY (fish meal + sugar cane yeast) and FS (fish meal + soybean meal), and then sampled every 30 days and assayed in two intestine sections for digestive enzymes - trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase - activities; gastric protease was assayed in the stomach. Digestive and hepatosomatic index, intestinal quotient, digestive tract length and weight gain were also measured. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were higher (p < 0.0001) in fish fed diets containing animal protein sources (MBY, MBS, FY and FS diets). Alkaline proteases were negatively affected by dietary soybean meal in the SY and S diets. Amylase activity had greater variation between diets and intestine sections. Fish fed MBY and MBS diets showed higher gastric protease activity (p < 0.0001). Weight gains were higher in fish fed the MBS and FS diets (p < 0.05). Highest values (p < 0.05) of digestive tract length were observed in fish fed MBS and FY diets, but no correlation with enzymes activities was found. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was affected by diet composition. Dietary composition influenced digestive enzymes activities of jundiá.

scholarly journals The effect of proanthocyanidin-rich hulls and proanthocyanidin extracts from bean (Vicia faba L.) hulls on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities in young chicks

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yuste ◽  
M. Longstaff ◽  
C. McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Proanthocyanidins were prepared from three bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties by extracting hulls in aqueous acetone. The amounts of freeze-dried extracts recovered were 74, 89 and 97 g/kg hull for the varieties Brunette, Statissa and Minica respectively. Chicks (3 weeks old) were fed on a maize–soya-bean control diet or the same control diet substituted with either 30 g proanthocyanidin extracts/kg or 300 g proanthocyanidin-rich hulls/kg. Chicks were tube-fed diets twice daily for 4 d. Nutrient digestibilities were calculated from amounts present in diets and freeze-dried excreta with the aid of titanium dioxide as a marker. Enzyme activities were measured in digesta removed from the jejunum. Extracts of proanthocyanidins depressed the digestibility of protein by 34%, starch by 3% and had no effect on the digestibility of lipid. Proanthocyanidin-rich hulls depressed the digestibility of protein by 62%, starch by 6% and lipid by 4%. Digestive enzyme activities were depressed to the same extent by extracts and hulls, trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) by 55 and 62%, α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) by 75 and 78% and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) by 31 and 32% for proanthocyanidin-extract and proanthocyanidin-rich-hull diets respectively. The susceptibility of substrates as well as enzymes to the effects of proanthocyanidins is discussed.

scholarly journals Host plant effect on the activity of digestive enzymes of the gypsy moth caterpillars

2008 ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanovic ◽  
Jelica Lazarevic ◽  
Marija Mrdakovic ◽  
Milena Vlahovic ◽  
Zoran Miletic
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Specific Protease ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Feeding Effects ◽  
Host Plant Effect ◽  
Metabolite Content

Insect growth and development depend on nutritive value and secondary metabolite content of their host plants. This influence may be exerted through changing the activity of digestive enzymes which further affects efficiency of conversion of ingested food. This paper represents the results of investigation of feeding effects on the leaves of three oak species (Quercus cerris, Q. robur and Q. petraea) on growth, development and digestive enzyme activities of the 4th instar gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.). Compared to larvae fed on Q. cerris and Q. robur leaves, larvae fed on Q. petrea exhibited the lowest body mass, midgut protein content and specific protease activity. Specific amylase activity was significantly reduced in the midguts of larvae fed on Q. robur while host plant did not affect larval duration upon molting into the 4th instar. Concomitant chemical analyses of leaves given to the 2nd and 4th instar larvae was carried out in order to explain the obtained results.

Digestive Protease Activity in Planktonic Crustaceans Feeding at Different Trophic Levels

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumlu ◽  
D.A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Planktonic Crustaceans ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Decapod Larvae ◽  
Centropages Typicus

Trypsin-like enzyme activity of the larvae of two planktonic predatory crustaceans, Homarus gammarus and Nephrops norvegicus (Decapoda: Nephropidae) and the omnivorous larvae of Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Brachyura) were investigated at each larval stage until metamorphosis. Two copepods, herbivorous or omnivorous grazers, Centropages typicus and Temora longicornis (Copepoda: Calanoidae) were also investigated for this enzyme. A comparison of trypsin-like activity in these and other decapod larvae shows a pattern with high levels in herbivores, low levels in carnivores and intermediate levels in omnivores. Herbivorous planktonic crustaceans appear to rely on high digestive enzyme activities to extract nutrients from less digestible algae or particulates, whereas carnivorous larvae have limited enzymatic capacity as they feed at higher trophic levels upon large and easily digestible prey. Omnivorous Carcinus maenas larvae have intermediate levels of digestive enzymes and are able to transfer between herbivorous and omnivorous feeding.

scholarly journals Maturation trade-offs in octopus females and their progeny: energy, digestion and defence indicators

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Olivares ◽  
Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes ◽  
Maite Mascaró ◽  
Ariadna Sanchez Arteaga ◽  
Karen Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Sexual maturation and reproduction influence the status of a number of physiological processes and consequently the ecology and behaviour of cephalopods. Using Octopus mimus as a study model, the present work was focused in the changes in biochemical compound and activity that take place during gonadal maturation of females and its consequences in embryo and hatchlings characteristics. To do that, a total of 31 adult females of O. mimus were sampled to follow metabolites (ovaries and digestive gland) and digestive enzyme activities (alkaline and acidic proteases) during physiological and functional maturation. Levels of protein (Prot), triacylglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Chol), glucose (Glu), and glycogen (Gly) were evaluated. Groups of eggs coming from mature females were also sampled along development and after hatching (paralarvae of 1 and 3 days old) to track metabolites (Prot, TG, Glu, Gly, TG, Chol), digestive enzymes activity (Lipase, alkaline proteases, and acidic proteases), and antioxidant/detoxification defence indicators with embryos development. Based on the data obtained, we hypothesized that immature females store Chol in their ovaries, probably from the food they ingested, but switch to TG reserves at the beginning of the maturation processes. At the same time, results suggest that these processes were energetically supported by Glu, obtained probably from Gly breakdown by gluconeogenic pathways. Also, was observed that embryos metabolites and enzyme activities (digestive and antioxidant/detoxification enzymes) where maintained without significant changes and in a low activity during the whole organogenesis, meaning that organogenesis is relatively not energetically costly. In contrast, after organogenesis, a mobilization of nutrients and activation of the metabolic and digestive enzymes was observed, together with increments in consumption of yolk and Gly, and reduction in lipid peroxidation. Derived from our results, we also have the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced during the metabolic processes that occurs in ovarian maturation. Those ROS may be in part transferred to the egg provoking a ROS charge to the embryos. The elimination of ROS in embryos started when the activity of the heart and the absorption of the yolk around stages XIV and XV were evident. Altogether, these processes allowed the paralarvae to hatch with buffered levels of ROS and with the antioxidant defence mechanisms ready to support further ROS production derived from paralarvae higher life stage requirements (feeding and metabolic demands).

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