scholarly journals Physiological Studies of Myrothecium Roridum: An Inciting Agent of Myrothecium Leaf Blight in Cotton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Umamaheswari ◽  
S. K. Beura ◽  
A. Sahoo ◽  
S. Pattanayak
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum ◽  
Potato Sucrose Agar

Background: Cotton is one of the most important cash crops in India. It is also called as “White gold” because of its agricultural as well as industrial importance. Myrothecium leaf blight is an emerging disease in cotton which is growing consistently throughout the country and has been reported to cause significant losses in major cotton growing tracts of odisha. Considering the importance of the disease, the present investigation has been taken up to study the physiology of the fungus. Methods: An experiment was conducted in-vitro during 2016-18 to investigate the effect of temperature and pH on the growth of M. roridum. Seven different nutrient media viz. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) medium, Host Leaf Extract Agar (HEA) medium, Potato Carrot Agar (PCA) medium, Czapek’sdox Agar (ZA) medium, Richard’s Agar (RA) medium and Oat meal agar medium (OMA) were tested under in-vitro conditions to ascertain a suitable medium for the growth of M. roridum. Result: The investigation in laboratory conditions has revealed that out of seven nutrient media tested, maximum radial growth was recorded in Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) with an average radial growth of diameter 76.06 mm and the least growth was recorded on Richard’s Agar with a diameter of 23.66 mm. The growth of the fungus was observed to be maximum at a temperature of 28oC with a diameter of 61.09 mm and the minimum average growth of 17.36 mm was recorded at 36oC. Studies on pH revealed that that the fungus grows well in neutral and slight alkaline medium (6.5 - 8.0).

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on in vitro response of Trichoderma strains against strawberry pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn.

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 620-622
Author(s):  
M. Porras ◽  
C. Barrau ◽  
B. Santos ◽  
F.T. Arroyo ◽  
C. Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
In Vitro Response ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Effect of temperature on growth and antagonistic ability of Trichoderma spp. isolated from local strawberry culture and commercial product, against Rhizoctonia solani, strawberry pathogen, was studied in vitro. Trials were carried out twice, at 10, 25 and 30°C. Inhibitor effect was evaluated by radial growth measures of established duals on PDA’s dishes, using Royse and Ries formula, to evaluate the percentage inhibition of radial growth. Design of dishes was a randomized complete block, considering 10 replicates. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance. The objective has been to determine the most competitive Trichoderma strain and the best temperature that produce the inhibiting effect on the pathogen growth. Local strain has the best behavior at 10 and 25°C.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature and photoperiod on the in vitro germination of conidia of Botrytis squamosa, the causal agent of Botrytis leaf blight of onion

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Luiz Marcuzzo ◽  
Katiani Eli
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Botrytis Squamosa ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Petri Dishes

ABSTRACT Temperature and photoperiod have a direct effect on spore germination and, for Botrytis squamosa, there is scare information on this subject. Learning the biology of the causal agent has a great importance to understand the development of the disease in the field, as well to take control measures. With the aim of evaluating the influence of temperature and photoperiod on B. squamosa conidial germination, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. A 0.1-ml suspension of 1.65x105 conidia per ml was added and spread on Petri dishes containing 1% water-agar. The Petri dishes were placed in BOD incubators adjusted to 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C without light, and the percentage of germination of 100 conidia was evaluated under an optical microscope by measuring the germ tube after 24 hours of incubation. In a second moment, this experiment was repeated by incubating the spores at 23°C and photoperiods of 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, and by evaluating the percentage of germination after 24 hours. Results showed that the highest germination percentages can be obtained in the temperature range between 10 (79.75%) and 30°C (92.5%), and the optimum temperature for germination is 23°C. In relation to photoperiod, the highest germination percentage (94%) was obtained without light, which indicates that B. squamosa germination is favored by shorter periods of light. Thus, the information obtained on the biology of the causal agent of botrytis leaf blight allows better understand the epidemiology of this disease, and such results can be used to help develop a disease forecasting system.

scholarly journals ВМІСТ ФЛАВОНОЇДІВ І КCАНТОНІВ У КАЛЮСНИХ КУЛЬТУРАХ РОСЛИН ВИДІВ РОДУ GENTIANA L. ЗА ВИРОЩУВАННЯ У РІДКОМУ ЖИВИЛЬНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ НА ПОРОЛОНОВИХ ПІДКЛАДКАХ

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
L. R. Hrytsak ◽  
V. M. Mel’nyk ◽  
M. Z. Prokopyak ◽  
O. Yu Mayorova ◽  
Kh. M. Kolisnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Callus Tissues

The content of flavonoids and xanthones in callus cultures derived from the roots of plants of six species of Gentiana L. genus was studied during the cultivation of these cultures in liquid growth media on foam substrates. The research findings indicate that for most callus cultures, which were grown on both agar and foam substrates, the content of biologically active substances (BAS) was higher or close to that in the roots of wild plants, but lower compared to their shoots. The content of flavonoids and xanthones in tissue cultures grown in liquid nutrient media exceeded (G. punctata, Mt. Breskul, G. asclepiadea, Mt. Pozhyzhevska, G. cruciata, Krenychi village and G. lutea, Mt. valley Rohnechska), was close (G acaulis, Mt. Turkul) or lower (G. cruciata, «Medobory» Nature Reserve, G. lutea, Mt. Troyaska) compared to those in the corresponding calluses on agar substrates. In the callus of G. pneumonanthe (Vyhoda village) during cultivation on agar medium and in liquid medium on foam substrates, flavonoids and xanthones were not detected. For most callus cultures of gentians: G. punctata (Mt. Breskul), G. asclepiadea (Mt. Pozhyzhevska), G. cruciata (Krenychi village), G. lutea (Mt. valley Rohnechska), cultivation in a liquid growth medium on foam substrates can increase the growth of callus biomass (1.3–1.7 times) and the content of flavonoids (1.2–1.6 times) and xanthones (1.2–2.3 times) in comparison with the same cultures on agar media. For the callus of G. cruciata («Medobory» Nature Reserve) and G. lutea (population of Mt. Troyaska) on liquid media with foam substrates, both the growth index by fresh weight and the content of secondary metabolites are lower compared to cultures from agar medium. The growth of callus G. acaulis (Mt. Turkul) on the nutrient medium with foam substrates is more intense than on agar, but with lowered BAS. Thus, the developed method of cultivating callus tissues of gentians in liquid nutrient media on foam substrates can reduce costs by replacing agar with foam substrates, as well as increase both the yield of biomass of most callus cultures and their ability to synthesize and accumulate flavonoids and xanthones. Key words: Gentiana L. species, in vitro cultures, foam substrates, flavonoids, xanthones.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrient Media and Phytohormones on In Vitro Establishment of Bambusa balcooa. Roxb.

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rahaman Khan ◽  
Sreelekha Burla ◽  
Naga Siri ◽  
P. Lavanya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Commercially Important

Bambusa balcooa.Roxb. is one of the most commercially important bamboo species. Some varieties of bamboo are being grown in the company’s green house. However this species is very rare and it was not cultured until now due to lack of demand and maintenance problems. In this work B. balcooa ex-plants have been established and propagated by the axillary shoot bud proliferation method. Earlier several works have been done on this plant and a protocol has been. This work emphasizes on effects of phytohormones at different concentrations and combinations upon the novel propagules that develop from the bamboo explants on placing them in multiplication media. The propagules placed in media containing cytokinins BAP (2 mg/L) and Kinetin (1 mg/L) exhibited best results of linear as well as radial growth. The other propagules in media with combinations of BAP, Kinetin and NAA were found to be dried out and did not depict noticeable growth. Comparatively next best growth pattern to the former was observed in control media that lacked phytohormones. This experiment was helpful in estimating the

scholarly journals Effect of Temeperature and PH on Growth of Alternaria tagetica, Leaf Blight of Marigold

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Chandrakant Kurhade ◽  
Hanumant Dnyandeo Gangawane ◽  
C.D. Deokar ◽  
K.S. Raghuwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Complete Failure

Marigold (Tagets erecta) is one of the most important major floriculture crop in India. The leaf blight of marigold is caused by Alternaria tagetica is becoming a common disease on marigold Alternaria blight appeared in mild to severe form in many regions of Maharashtra and sometimes resulting in complete failure of the crop especially during rainy season. The fungal pathogen are greatly influenced by environmental factor therefore the present work undertaken to study the effect of temperature and pH on growth of Alternaria tagetica. The effect of temperature and pH were determined by colony diameter method by using different media like potato dextrose agar and oat meal agar medium. It is clearly evident from the result that all the temperature pH tested showed variation in the diameter of colony. The temperature 25oC encouraged better growth of Alternaria tagetica as compared to 15oC and 35oC. The result also revealed that pH 6 and 7 encouraged better growth of Alternaria tagetica it is concluded from the result that temperature 25oC and pH 6 is optimum temperature and pH for the growth Alternaria tagetica.

Effect of different nutrient media on radial growth of Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. infecting different Brassica host crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Pratap Singh ◽  
R. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
The World

Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. is the most common and destructive pathogen of a number of Brassica crops belong to family Brassicaceae. It has been reported from all the continent of the world and causes considerable losses in terms of quality and quantity of crop produce. The present investigation was undertaken in vitro, to know the effect of different nutrient media viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), V-8 Juice Agar (V8JA), Richard’s Agar (RA), Czapeck’s Dox Agar (CDA) and Corn Meal Agar (CMA) on the growth of A. brassicae isolates collected from the different Brassica host crops i.e. Mustard, Cauliflower, Cabbage and Radish. These isolates were designated on the basis of their hosts as Acae M, Acae Cf, Acae Ca and Acae R, respectively. Radial growth of all isolates was observed after seven days of incubation. The result showed a marked variation in radial growth of A. brassicae isolates. However, maximum growths of all isolates were recorded in V-8 Juice Agar (V8JA) followed by Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) while the minimum growth of pathogen was observed in Corn Meal Agar (CMA).

scholarly journals ​Effect of Temperature and pH on Growth of Alternaria tagetica, Leaf Blight of Marigold

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Chandrakant Kurhade ◽  
Hanumant Dnyandeo Gangawane ◽  
C.D. Deokar ◽  
K.S. Raghuwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Complete Failure

Marigold (Tagets erecta) is one of the most important major floriculture crop in India. The leaf blight of marigold is caused by Alternaria tagetica is becoming a common disease on marigold Alternaria blight appeared in mild to severe form in many regions of Maharashtra and sometimes resulting in complete failure of the crop especially during rainy season. The fungal pathogen are greatly influenced by environmental factor therefore the present work undertaken to study the effect of temperature and pH on growth of Alternaria tagetica. The effect of temperature and pH were determined by colony diameter method by using different media like potato dextrose agar and oat meal agar medium. It is clearly evident from the result that all the temperature pH tested showed variation in the diameter of colony. The temperature 25oC encouraged better growth of Alternaria tagetica as compared to 15oC and 35oC. The result also revealed that pH 6 and 7 encouraged better growth of Alternaria tagetica it is concluded from the result that temperature 25oC and pH 6 is optimum temperature and pH for the growth Alternaria tagetica.

The development of dormancy in bulblets of Lilium speciosum generated in vitro. II. The effect of temperature

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Delvallee ◽  
Annie Paffen ◽  
Geert-Jan De Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Lilium Speciosum

Effect of Temperature on ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
C. A Praga ◽  
E. M Pogliani
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Induce Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cuvette Holder ◽  
Exact Temperature

SummaryTemperature represents a very important variable in ADP-induced platelet aggregation.When low doses of ADP ( < 1 (μM) are used to induce platelet aggregation, the length of the incubation period of PRP in the cuvette holder of the aggregometer, thermostatted at 37° C, is very critical. Samples of the same PRP previously kept at room temperature, were incubated for increasing periods of time in the cuvette of the aggregometer before adding ADP, and a significant decrease of aggregation, proportional to the length of incubation, was observed. Stirring of the PRP during the incubation period made these changes more evident.To measure the exact temperature of the PRP during incubation in the aggre- gometer, a thermocouple device was used. While the temperature of the cuvette holder was stable at 37° C, the PRP temperature itself increased exponentially, taking about ten minutes from the beginning of the incubation to reach the value of 37° C. The above results have a practical significance in the reproducibility of the platelet aggregation test in vitro and acquire particular value when the effect of inhibitors of ADP induced platelet aggregation is studied.Experiments carried out with three anti-aggregating agents (acetyl salicyclic acid, dipyridamole and metergoline) have shown that the incubation conditions which influence both the effect of the drugs on platelets and the ADP breakdown in plasma must be strictly controlled.

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