Prediction of Nematode Population Dynamics using Weather Variables in Leguminous Crops

Weather Variables ◽

Sunshine Hours ◽

Leguminous Crops ◽

Host Tolerance ◽

Background: The soil nematodes can affect the crops in various ways. The plant-parasitic nematodes can lead to severe yield losses. The extent of crop yield loss depends on the susceptibility of the variety or host tolerance, population density of the nematode and various environmental variables. However, no tool is available for the prediction of nematode population buildup in soil therefore it has been difficult to issue advisories for timely management of these pathogens. Here we developed a method to accurately predict the nematode population buildup in soil for its timely management. Methods: Nematode population index of a plant-parasitic nematode Tylenchorynchus was taken from two crops i.e. mung bean and crotalaria. The model was developed considering various weather variables to predict the population of the Tylenchorynchus in the fields of mung bean and crotalaria. Weather parameters such as maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours were considered for developing the model for Tylenchorynchus population prediction. Stepwise regression method was applied to predict the nematode population. Result: The regression analysis between estimated and observed values of Tylenchorynchus population gave the R2 value as 0.98 for mung bean and 0.87 for crotalaria. Well timed prediction can help the growers to apply the required management practices to make it beneficial economically. This method can be extended to predict the population buildup of other serious nematode pests of crops.

Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Thyme Oil to Suppress Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on English Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0471 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 471-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Enrique E. Pérez ◽

Edwin E. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Thyme Oil ◽

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.

Nematode Population Dynamics after Applications of Plant Extracts and Trichoderma Species as Soil Amendments in Tomato Field

International Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33687/phytopath.009.01.3232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Timothy I. Olabiyi ◽

Samuel O. Akinrinola ◽

Olajumoke E. Ayanda

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Tomato Field ◽

And Control ◽

Three different plant extracts (Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica and Daniella oleifera) and two Trichoderma species (T. harzianum and T. atroviride), singly and in combination, were assessed on nematode population changes and also in the control of plant parasitic nematodes on tomato under field condition during 2018 and 2019 planting seasons. During each trial, plant parasitic nematodes encountered in the field were Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema and Helicotylenchus species. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 4 x 3 factorial scheme and five replications. Factor A being plant extracts (Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica, Daniella oleifera) and control, and factor B being bio-control agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride) and control, resulting in 12 treatments. Significant reductions were observed on the population of the plant parasitic nematodes at all treatment levels with neem plant extract, in combination with either T. harzianum or T. atroviride resulted in the greatest significant decrease. Applications of different plant extracts and Trichoderma species, singly and in combination, enhanced the growth and yield of tomato infected with parasitic nematodes.

THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS (COBB, 1917) FILIP. & STEK., 1941, IN STRAWBERRY IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA AND NORFOLK COUNTY IN ONTARIO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps62-122 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 728-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. L. Townshend

Keyword(s):

Nematode Population ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Controlled Conditions ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941, and Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956, were the predominant plant parasitic nematodes associated with strawberry in the Niagara Peninsula and Norfolk County in Ontario from 1956 to 1960. However, P. penetrans was the only nematode whose occurrence could be correlated with a specific type of root lesion and with stunting. The lesions it caused on the roots were elliptical and amber to dark brown. All strawberry varieties examined were infected with P. penetrans. Under controlled conditions large numbers of P. penetrans were required to produce stunting. The amount of growth was inversely proportional to the density of the initial nematode population.

Host resistance and tolerance to migratory plant-parasitic nematodes

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854103767139653 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 145-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Maurice Moens ◽

Yunliang Peng

Keyword(s):

Host Resistance ◽

Feeding Strategy ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Host Tolerance ◽

AbstractPlant-parasitic nematodes are divided according to their feeding strategy into three major groups: sedentary endoparasites, migratory endoparasites and ectoparasites. Compared to what is known about sedentary endoparasitic nematode species, resistant and tolerant relationships between the nematodes from the latter two groups and their hosts are much less documented. However, methods for screening and evaluation of the resistance and tolerance of plants to migratory plant-parasitic nematodes have been well developed and sources of resistance and tolerance to these nematodes have been found. Advances have been made in breeding resistance to migratory plant-parasitic nematodes in rice, alfalfa, banana, pine trees, grape, woody fruits and other crops. Although accessions immune to stem, leaf and bud nematodes are found quite frequently, host resistance to migratory root-parasitic nematodes has been detected less frequently and generally only partly reduces nematode multiplication. Host tolerance to migratory nematodes is important even for resistant varieties and therefore is gaining attention. An insufficient degree of resistance and tolerance, their variability with the environment, and their linkage to undesired agricultural or horticultural characters are commonly observed. Polygenic bases for plant resistance and tolerance to migratory nematodes have been demonstrated by genetic and biochemical observations and make breeding even more complicated than that for resistance to sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes. These factors, with the presence of different nematode species in the field and community and population differences in pathogenicity, hinder the availability of host resistance and tolerance and offer a big challenge.

Fluensulfone: A New “Tool in the Tool Box” to Manage Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Production

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-hs1313-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gilma X. Castillo ◽

Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽

Pablo A. Navia Gine

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Management Practices ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Nematode Management ◽

The Impact ◽

Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a problem in agricultural systems by feeding on crops, therefore affecting their yield. Fluensulfone is a chemical that can be applied using various methods to manage the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on crop production. This 6-page document discusses the characteristics and use of fluensulfone as a tool for nematode management practices. Written by Gilma X. Castillo, Monica Ozores-Hampton, and Pablo A. Navia Gine and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Horticultural Sciences, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1313

Diversity and population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes in commercial and smallholder pineapple production in Kenya

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10080 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Agnes W. Kiriga ◽

Danny Coyne ◽

Janet G. Atandi ◽

Nikolai V. Beek ◽

Solveig Haukeland

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Production Systems ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Population Densities ◽

High Level ◽

Summary Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) cause significant yield reduction in commercial pineapple (Ananas comosus) worldwide. In Kenya, few nematode studies have been conducted, although the main commercial pineapple producer has sole dispensation to use Telone II (1,3-Dichloropropene) indicating the magnitude of the nematode problem. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the population densities and diversity of nematodes in two commercial plantations with two contrasting management practices. We additionally assessed the influence of crop age and compared this with nearby smallholder pineapple production systems. Soil and root samples were collected from fields of different ages in each commercial plantation and from 29 smallholder fields. A total of 18 genera were associated with pineapple, with a relatively greater diversity found in smallholder than commercial farms. The most prevalent genus was Meloidogyne spp. (M. javanica) followed by Helicotylenchus spp., Tylenchus spp. and Aphelenchoides spp. PPN densities were higher in relatively older fields of 24 and 36 months than from fallow and 3-month-old fields. Regression analysis additionally demonstrated the rise of PPN densities with age of pineapple fields, especially Meloidogyne spp., while free-living nematode densities declined. This study provides an indication of the high level of PPN infection in pineapple in Kenya, which would constitute an important factor contributing to low yields. The study confirms an obvious need for pineapple producers to control PPN to improve crop yields.

Efficacy of Copper-Based Texel Fabric in Preventing Root Escape from Pots and Improving Nematode Resistance Screening of Sugarcane Accession Lines in a Glasshouse

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-07-20-0065-rs ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 345-349

Author(s):

Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽

Kylie Garlick

Keyword(s):

Nematode Resistance ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

Resistance Screening ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Sugarcane Germplasm ◽

Plant-parasitic nematodes are major constraints in the production of sugarcane in Australia. Sugar Research Australia commenced a program to screen sugarcane germplasm accessions and commercial cultivars for nematode resistance in a glasshouse under a subirrigation system. Although the subirrigation system provided reasonable growth of sugarcane plants and significantly reduced the use of irrigation water in the glasshouse, it created a few issues. Sugarcane roots escaped through the bottom of the pots and created networks of roots under the fabrics used in the subirrigation system. This made it difficult to reduce cross contamination among the treatment pots and also facilitated nematodes to migrate outside of the pots. This research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of two types of Texel fabrics (Tex-R commercial products) in mitigating sugarcane root escape from pots as well as impact on nematode population in the pots. Very few or no roots escaped from the pots placed on both types of Texel fabrics compared with other treatment methods, in which prolific root escape was evident at the bottom of the pots, forming a network of roots on or under the fabrics. Nematode numbers in pots placed on Texel fabrics were significantly higher (approximately 50,000 nematodes per pot) compared with other treatment methods (30,000 to 41,000 nematodes per pot). This research demonstrated that Texel fabrics were effective in stopping sugarcane root escape and preventing nematode migration from pots. This study also indicated that the nematode population inside the pots was not adversely impacted by the use of Texel fabrics.

Short-term nematode population dynamics as influenced by the quality of exogenous organic matter

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108x398381 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 23-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ben Leroy ◽

Dirk Reheul ◽

Maurice Moens ◽

Howard Ferris ◽

Nancy De Sutter

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Short Term ◽

Nematode Assemblage ◽

AbstractThe food specificity of nematodes, their high number of species and high abundance in every habitat where decomposition takes place, indicate that the structure of the nematode assemblage has a high information content. Since nematodes respond quickly to changes in soil management and since the nematode fauna can be efficiently analysed, the structure of the nematode assemblage offers an interesting instrument to assess changes in soil conditions. We studied the effect of five organic amendments on the short-term nematode population dynamics and compared them to minerally fertilised and unfertilised plots. The experiment was started in 2005, and samples were taken in spring and autumn 2006 and spring 2007. In spring 2006, no clear differences among treatments in the diversity of free-living nematodes were observed, probably since the organic amendments were applied only twice, of which the last application was carried out 7 months before the sampling. At the second and third sampling, the enrichment index in the organically amended plots was higher than in the unamended plots, owing to the organic matter application. However, in plots amended with farmyard manure and cattle slurry the number of bacterivores increased significantly, while in the compost plots the fungivorous nematodes tended to be higher. This resulted in a low channel index for the manure and slurry plots, indicating a predominant bacterial decomposition pathway, and a higher channel index in the compost plots, suggesting a greater proportion of fungal decomposition. These assumptions on the decomposition of the applied organic matter were strongly supported by the composition of the soil microbial community, determined through PLFA analysis: in the compost plots the bacteria to fungi ratio was lower than in the manure and slurry plots. At all sampling occasions there was a remarkably lower abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in plots amended with slurry and manure, indicating a negative impact of both amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes. We can conclude from this study that the fertiliser regimes affected the nematode assemblage, but that more samplings in the future are certainly necessary to assess adequately the impact of the different organic amendments.

Plant-parasitic nematodes in Australian viticulture: key pests, current management practices and opportunities for future improvements

Australasian Plant Pathology ◽

10.1071/ap08018 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 268 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. E. Walker ◽

G. R. Stirling

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Current Management ◽

Factors Associated with Populations of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Bentgrass Putting Greens in Oklahoma

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.7.764 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (7) ◽

pp. 764-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

N. R. Walker ◽

C. L. Goad ◽

H. Zhang ◽

D. L. Martin

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Management Practices ◽

Factor Model ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Putting Greens ◽

Numerous genera of plant-parasitic nematodes are frequently present at high populations in golf course putting greens. The objectives of this research were to identify and quantify plant-parasitic nematodes from Oklahoma bentgrass putting greens and to characterize specific soil physical and chemical features and management factors that may account for differences in or associated with the observed nematode populations. In the fall of 2000, nematodes were identified from 99 individual bentgrass putting greens sampled from 46 different locations in Oklahoma. In addition to green age and bentgrass cultivar; soil pH, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), plant-available phosphorus and potassium, organic matter (OM), bulk density, and particle size distribution were determined for each green. Expenditures on management activities, including fertilizer, herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide, were determined for 20 of the sampled courses and compared with nematode populations. Nematodes from seven genera were found in Oklahoma greens, with Criconemella spp. being the most common. Paratrichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., and Helicotylenchus spp. also were common. The logarithmic populations of all nematodes combined increased with greater green age (r = 0.37). A negative relationship was observed between soil bulk density and all nematodes combined (r = -0.29). Soil NO3-N, plant-available K, and OM increased with combined logarithmic populations of all plant parasitic nematodes (r = 0.23, 0.28, and 0.37, respectively). A four-factor model accounted for 75% of the total variation in the data and permitted groupings of all variables into four uncorrelated factors. Total logarithmic nematode populations increased with fungicide and herbicide expenditures (r = 0.31). This study suggests that populations of plant-parasitic nematodes may be influenced by the putting green abiotic soil environment and possibly indirectly by management practices on putting greens.