Characterization of soils of Ghataprabha Left Bank Canal commandarea of north Karnataka for salinity and sodicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Lingappa ◽  
V. B. Kuligod
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Canal Command Area

A study was conducted to characterize soil salinity and sodicity of Ghataprabha Left Bank Canal command area of Mudhol taluk (Bagalkot District). Bulk Electrical conductivity of salt affected soils was determined by using electromagnetic induction (EM 38). The pHs of surface and sub-surface soil layers ranged from 7.4 to 8.7 and 7.7 to 8.6, respectively. Electrical conductivity of saturated extract of surface and sub-surface soils ranged from 4.2 to 59.9 dSm-1 and 4.2 to 57.0 dSm-1. Majority of soil samples were found to be saline as sodium absorption ratio (SAR) ranged between 0.3 to 10.8 and 0.5 to 10.9 for surface and sub-surface soil, respectively. Among the analysed surface soil samples, 26 per cent were saline, 18 per cent sodic and 56 per cent were saline-sodic. On the other hand, 26, 20 and 54 per cent of soils were categorized into saline, sodic and saline-sodic, respectively. Among the water soluble cations, Na+ (10.9 to 73.4 cmol (P+) kg-1) pre-dominated in surface and sub-surface horizons (10.9 to 65.2 cmol (P+) kg- 1). Among water soluble anions, Cl- dominated both in surface (2.0 to 60 me L-1) and sub-surface (2.0 to 59.0 me L-1).

scholarly journals Available Cd content of salt-affected and normal soils of Halastra-Kalohori area

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Almost All

A survey was conducted in order to evaluate the levels of available (DTPA extractable) Cd in salt affected and normal soils of Halastra−Kalohori area, located in N. Greece. In this area, phosphogypsum (PG) (a byproduct of P fertilizer industry, occasionally enriched with Cd) has been used as amendment for the salt affected soils, for at least 20 years until 2000. The area is about 6300 ha, and 4500 ha were cultivated with rice. Soil samples were collected from 632 points and four depths (0−25, 25−50, 50−75, 75−100 cm), during 2003 and 2004. All soil samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, pH in the paste, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe), water soluble Na, Ca and Mg, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable Na. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were calculated. The 632 soils were characterized as salt affected (saline, saline−sodic, sodic) or normal, using the values of EC, SAR and ESP, and pH. In addition, the soil samples collected from the 0−25 and 25−50 cm depths were analyzed for DTPA extractable Cd and Olsen P. All soils were alkaline in reaction. In most of the cases, concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd in the 0−25 cm depth were higher than in the 25−50 cm depth and the mean values differed significantly (p < 0.001). For both depths, concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd were higher for salt affected than normal soils and the mean values within each depth differed significantly (p < 0.001). This could be attributed to the use of PG as soil amendment. In addition, a significant and positive relationship was obtained for DTPA extractable Cd and ECe (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). However, DTPA extractable Cd ranged at levels similar or lower to those reported in the literature for cultivated soils with high P fertilization, in almost all cases. This is something to be expected since 80 % of all soils were sufficient or over−fertilized with P (Olsen P > 15 mg kg−1). A significant and positive relationship, obtained for DTPA extractable Cd and Olsen P (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), supported the conclusion that the source of DTPA extractable Cd could also be traced to the long−term P fertilization. Concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd were significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with certain soil properties that affect Cd availability to plants, such as pH (r = −0.26), clay content (r = 0.22) and CEC (r = 0.26).

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of soil nutrients under different land use systems in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Shafia Afrin ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Md. Joinul Abedin Mian ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Land Use Systems

Soil depth can significantly influence the availability of nutrients in soil. An experiment was conducted with seven soil samples from seven land use types to observe the effect of soil depth on soil properties under various land use systems. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available phosphorus (P), available sulphur (S) and different forms of potassium (K) such as water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable were determined from the soil samples collected from four soil depths (viz. 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). Soil pH varied from 6.30-7.39 irrespective of depths and land uses and it increased with increasing soil depth. Electrical conductivity of the soils ranged from 42-310 µS cm-1 and organic matter status of most of the soils was very low to medium in level. Both EC and organic matter content decreased with the increase of soil depth. Available P concentration showed no specific changing trend with soil depth whereas available S concentration under different land use systems decreased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in soils varied from 12.30-39.60, 20.90-53.16 and 163.30-684.30 mg kg-1, respectively and showed no specific changing pattern with soil depth. Water soluble K content was higher in rice growing fertilizer and manure-treated soil but higher exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were observed in banana growing soil. In rice growing soils, nutrient concentration is mostly higher in nitrogen (N), P and K + farm yard manure (FYM) - treated plots compared to rice growing control plots.

scholarly journals Toxicity analyses of surface water in selected industrial areas of Bogura sadar, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
ABM Shafiul Alam ◽  
Momtahina Bipa ◽  
Md Sefaur Rahman ◽  
Nurjahan Tabassum ◽  
Md Al Arafat Topu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ionic Toxicity ◽  
Surface Water Samples

An investigation was carried out to assess the extent of ionic toxicity of surface water samples for agricultural usage in the Karatoya-Bangali Floodplain (2,577 sq. km). Fifteen water samples were collected from five industrial areas of Bogura sadar upazila to assess the dissolved chemical constituents and also to classify them on the basis of their comparative stability for agricultural usage. Water samples were collected from surface water sources viz., rivers, canals and ponds at Bogura sadar upazila. The chemical analyses included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, B, As, CO3, HCO3, PO4, SO4 and Cl. The pH indicated that surface water samples were acidic to alkaline in nature (pH = 6.5-8.8). The electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) revealed that all the surface samples were categorized as ‘medium salinity’ and ‘low alkalinity’ hazards with ‘excellent’ and ‘good’ in quality combining expressed as C2S1. Considering TDS all the surface waters were as ‘freshwater’. Soluble sodium percentage (SSP) indicated that all the surface water samples were ‘excellent’ and ‘good’ classes. Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) categorized the surface water samples as ‘suitable’ in quality for irrigation. The status of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Cu, As, B, Fe, CO3, SO4, PO4, and Cl were not hazards in the investigated area. In all surface water samples, HCO3 ion was considered as pollutant for irrigating crops. Rest ionic constituents were suitable for irrigation purposes. As, B, SO4, Cl and TDS were not problematic for drinking, TDS, Cd, Cu and Zn were not hazardous for livestock usage and SO4 and hardness (HT) were not problematic for aquaculture. But rest ionic constituents for these respective usages were toxic. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 227-234, August 2019

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality for Irrigation Purpose: A Case Study of Bassi and Chaksu Tehsils, Jaipur District, Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Lal Meena ◽  
Priyanka Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Absorption Ratio ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio

Quality of Groundwater has assessed for irrigation purpose to get the suitability of water. Water samples has analysed by employing different parameters: Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s Ratio, Potential Salinity and Corrosive Ratio. Suitability of Water for irrigation has presented by the diagram based on the combination of Electrical Conductivity and Sodium Absorption Ratio suggested by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Livelihood of the study area depends on the Agriculture and allied activities so it becomes more important to analyse the quality of water for irrigation.Keywords: Irrigation, Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Absorption Ratio, Kelly’s Ratio, Soluble Sodium Percentage.

scholarly journals Assessing Dispersivity and Expansivity of Clay Soils in the South-East of Yazd with Aim of Investigating Correlation between Them

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Zare-Junaghani ◽  
Hamid Mehrnahad ◽  
Mehdi Torabi-Kaveh
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Swelling Soils ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Problematic Soils

Having knowledge about physical, chemical and mechanical properties of problematic soils is necessary when they are applied in construction projects as borrow materials or foundation, because these soils have potential to create large financial losses. This research deals with characterizing dispersive and swelling soils as problematic soils in southeast of Yazd (center of Iran) with aim of establishing a relationship between dispersivity and expansivity indices. In this regard, after performing a series of physical and chemical tests, the characteristics of the soil samples were determined, and their dispersivity degrees were specified by conducting chemical, pinhole and double hydrometer tests. Also, swelling rates of the soils were estimated using direct method (modified free swell index, MFSI) and indirect methods (different criteria developed for swelling assessment). The results showed that chemical parameters overestimate dispersivity of the soil samples (dispersive to semi-dispersive) in compared to pinhole and double hydrometer tests (slightly non-dispersive to moderately dispersive). Different expansivity degrees were defined using the direct and the indirect methods (ignorable to very high) for the soil samples. Among the empirical criteria used to evaluate the swelling potential, the AASHTO's criterion has the closest results to the MFSI in the both boreholes. Also, it revealed that as depth increases, the degree of soil dispersivity and expansivity decrease in response to the reduction of fine grain content in the samples. Finally, the correlations between dispersivity and expansivity indices, showed that sodium absorption ratio (SAR) can be used as a reasonable index to estimate soil swelling potential.

scholarly journals Effect of reclamation on the structure of silty-clay soils irrigated with saline-sodic waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cucci ◽  
Giovanni Lacolla ◽  
Marcello Pagliai ◽  
Nadia Vignozzi
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio

Abstract The objective of the work was to evaluate, by using the micromorphometric method, the effects of reclamation on porosity of two different clay loam soils irrigated with saline-sodic waters. Soil samples of the Ap horizon were put in cylindrical containers and irrigated with 9 types of saline-sodic waters (3 levels of salinity combined with 3 levels of sodicity). After a 4-year period, correction treatments were initiated by addition of calcium sulphate and leaching until electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio values of the drainage water matched 3 dS m-1 and 9, respectively. After 2 years of correction treatments, undisturbed soil samples were taken from the surface layer and soil thin sections for porosity measurements. Both soils did not show critical macroporosity values (> 10%, below this threshold a soil is classified as compact). Nevertheless, the soils exhibited a different behaviour: total porosity of the Pachic Haploxeroll soil was not affected by difference in water salinity and alkalinity; on the contrary, the Udertic Ustochrept soil showed a lower porosity associated with higher salt concentration in the irrigation waters. This may be due to the different iron and aluminium sesquioxides content and, as a consequence, a different effect on soil aggregate stability.

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