scholarly journals Available Cd content of salt-affected and normal soils of Halastra-Kalohori area

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Almost All

A survey was conducted in order to evaluate the levels of available (DTPA extractable) Cd in salt affected and normal soils of Halastra−Kalohori area, located in N. Greece. In this area, phosphogypsum (PG) (a byproduct of P fertilizer industry, occasionally enriched with Cd) has been used as amendment for the salt affected soils, for at least 20 years until 2000. The area is about 6300 ha, and 4500 ha were cultivated with rice. Soil samples were collected from 632 points and four depths (0−25, 25−50, 50−75, 75−100 cm), during 2003 and 2004. All soil samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, pH in the paste, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe), water soluble Na, Ca and Mg, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable Na. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were calculated. The 632 soils were characterized as salt affected (saline, saline−sodic, sodic) or normal, using the values of EC, SAR and ESP, and pH. In addition, the soil samples collected from the 0−25 and 25−50 cm depths were analyzed for DTPA extractable Cd and Olsen P. All soils were alkaline in reaction. In most of the cases, concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd in the 0−25 cm depth were higher than in the 25−50 cm depth and the mean values differed significantly (p < 0.001). For both depths, concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd were higher for salt affected than normal soils and the mean values within each depth differed significantly (p < 0.001). This could be attributed to the use of PG as soil amendment. In addition, a significant and positive relationship was obtained for DTPA extractable Cd and ECe (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). However, DTPA extractable Cd ranged at levels similar or lower to those reported in the literature for cultivated soils with high P fertilization, in almost all cases. This is something to be expected since 80 % of all soils were sufficient or over−fertilized with P (Olsen P > 15 mg kg−1). A significant and positive relationship, obtained for DTPA extractable Cd and Olsen P (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), supported the conclusion that the source of DTPA extractable Cd could also be traced to the long−term P fertilization. Concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd were significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with certain soil properties that affect Cd availability to plants, such as pH (r = −0.26), clay content (r = 0.22) and CEC (r = 0.26).

Characterization of soils of Ghataprabha Left Bank Canal commandarea of north Karnataka for salinity and sodicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Lingappa ◽  
V. B. Kuligod
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Canal Command Area

A study was conducted to characterize soil salinity and sodicity of Ghataprabha Left Bank Canal command area of Mudhol taluk (Bagalkot District). Bulk Electrical conductivity of salt affected soils was determined by using electromagnetic induction (EM 38). The pHs of surface and sub-surface soil layers ranged from 7.4 to 8.7 and 7.7 to 8.6, respectively. Electrical conductivity of saturated extract of surface and sub-surface soils ranged from 4.2 to 59.9 dSm-1 and 4.2 to 57.0 dSm-1. Majority of soil samples were found to be saline as sodium absorption ratio (SAR) ranged between 0.3 to 10.8 and 0.5 to 10.9 for surface and sub-surface soil, respectively. Among the analysed surface soil samples, 26 per cent were saline, 18 per cent sodic and 56 per cent were saline-sodic. On the other hand, 26, 20 and 54 per cent of soils were categorized into saline, sodic and saline-sodic, respectively. Among the water soluble cations, Na+ (10.9 to 73.4 cmol (P+) kg-1) pre-dominated in surface and sub-surface horizons (10.9 to 65.2 cmol (P+) kg- 1). Among water soluble anions, Cl- dominated both in surface (2.0 to 60 me L-1) and sub-surface (2.0 to 59.0 me L-1).

scholarly journals Assessing Dispersivity and Expansivity of Clay Soils in the South-East of Yazd with Aim of Investigating Correlation between Them

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Zare-Junaghani ◽  
Hamid Mehrnahad ◽  
Mehdi Torabi-Kaveh
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Swelling Soils ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Problematic Soils

Having knowledge about physical, chemical and mechanical properties of problematic soils is necessary when they are applied in construction projects as borrow materials or foundation, because these soils have potential to create large financial losses. This research deals with characterizing dispersive and swelling soils as problematic soils in southeast of Yazd (center of Iran) with aim of establishing a relationship between dispersivity and expansivity indices. In this regard, after performing a series of physical and chemical tests, the characteristics of the soil samples were determined, and their dispersivity degrees were specified by conducting chemical, pinhole and double hydrometer tests. Also, swelling rates of the soils were estimated using direct method (modified free swell index, MFSI) and indirect methods (different criteria developed for swelling assessment). The results showed that chemical parameters overestimate dispersivity of the soil samples (dispersive to semi-dispersive) in compared to pinhole and double hydrometer tests (slightly non-dispersive to moderately dispersive). Different expansivity degrees were defined using the direct and the indirect methods (ignorable to very high) for the soil samples. Among the empirical criteria used to evaluate the swelling potential, the AASHTO's criterion has the closest results to the MFSI in the both boreholes. Also, it revealed that as depth increases, the degree of soil dispersivity and expansivity decrease in response to the reduction of fine grain content in the samples. Finally, the correlations between dispersivity and expansivity indices, showed that sodium absorption ratio (SAR) can be used as a reasonable index to estimate soil swelling potential.

scholarly journals Assessment of quality and suitability of groundwater resources for industrial and irrigation purposes, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
Girmaye Haile Gebremikael ◽  
Aman Hussien Dawod
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Moderate Scale

The groundwater demand of Dire Dawa has increased recently due to the expansion of irrigation and the industrial sector in the city. Groundwater used for irrigation and industry was studied. Eighty-two samples were used to analyze physicochemical using different indices like Langelier index (LSI), Ryznar index (RSI), Aggressive index (AI) and Larson-Skold index (LRI). Parameters of Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Dissolved Sodium (%Na), Magnesium hazard (%Mg) statistical and spatial distributions were analyzed and programmed with Excel, Arc GIS, and Diagrams software. Results showed that pH, Mg2+, Cl- were found to be within the limit for industrial use. The groundwater corrosion indices mean values of LSI, RSI, AI, and LRI obtained were 0.29 ± 0.28, 6.4 ± 0.5, 12.20 ± 0.24 and 1.4±1.57, respectively. LSI, RSI results indicated a moderate scale-forming tendency of the groundwater. AI values were within low to no corrosion rates in all zones. Because of Cl- and SO42-, LSI showed some localized corrosion properties at kebele 01 and 09. Parameters like pH, Conductivity, Na+, HCO3- and Cl- ion were within permissible limits for irrigation. The irrigation indices (meq/l); SAR, RCS, Na% and Mg Hazard were calculated to be 1.33, -2.17, 21.5%, 45%, respectively. The EC was within the permissible limit but was significant. The low values of SAR, RCS, Na% indicated that the groundwater can cause lower alkalization (Sodium hazard) effect. In conclusion, all the parameters of the groundwater sources were categorized as good for irrigation. However, corrosion indices elaborated the groundwater scaling problems and may also be aggravated with temperature and heat-related industrial equipment.

scholarly journals Effect of reclamation on the structure of silty-clay soils irrigated with saline-sodic waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cucci ◽  
Giovanni Lacolla ◽  
Marcello Pagliai ◽  
Nadia Vignozzi
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio

Abstract The objective of the work was to evaluate, by using the micromorphometric method, the effects of reclamation on porosity of two different clay loam soils irrigated with saline-sodic waters. Soil samples of the Ap horizon were put in cylindrical containers and irrigated with 9 types of saline-sodic waters (3 levels of salinity combined with 3 levels of sodicity). After a 4-year period, correction treatments were initiated by addition of calcium sulphate and leaching until electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio values of the drainage water matched 3 dS m-1 and 9, respectively. After 2 years of correction treatments, undisturbed soil samples were taken from the surface layer and soil thin sections for porosity measurements. Both soils did not show critical macroporosity values (> 10%, below this threshold a soil is classified as compact). Nevertheless, the soils exhibited a different behaviour: total porosity of the Pachic Haploxeroll soil was not affected by difference in water salinity and alkalinity; on the contrary, the Udertic Ustochrept soil showed a lower porosity associated with higher salt concentration in the irrigation waters. This may be due to the different iron and aluminium sesquioxides content and, as a consequence, a different effect on soil aggregate stability.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Pollution in Tipparthy Revenue Sub-Division, Nalgonda (District), Andhra Pradesh, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s1) ◽  
pp. S587-S593
Author(s):  
Medikondu Kishore ◽  
Y. Hanumantharao
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Nalgonda District

A systematic study has been carried out to explore the physicochemical characteristics of drinking water sources of Tipparthy revenue sub-division, Nalgonda (District), Andhra Pradesh, India. Totally 49 water samples were collected from the different locations (22 villages) of the study area including bore well, open well and hand pump water and analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, turbidity, total hardness, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, phosphates, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, Iron and dissolved oxygen. On an average, in almost all the samples, one or the other chemical constituent was beyond the permissible limits it was also concluded that water sources in the study area not fit for potability. Sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and water quality (WQI) studies indicate water available from all sources not fit for irrigation also. The study indicates the need for periodic monitoring of ground water in the study area.

scholarly journals Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on soil salinity and sodicity in Sfax (Tunisia): A case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebil Belaid ◽  
Catherine Neel ◽  
Monem Kallel ◽  
Tarek Ayoub ◽  
Abdel Ayadi, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
A Value ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Impact

In arid regions such as near Sfax (Tunisia), treated wastewater effluents (TWE) are often applied as agricultural irrigation. Irrigation TWE usually contain large amounts of carbon, nitrogen and sodium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of TWE irrigation on soil salinity and sodicity. In the city of Sfax, two sites were selected with two soil types (fluvisol and calcisol) having been irrigated for 4 and 15 years respectively. Soils were sampled at three different depths (0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm) in the TWE irrigated area and in a non-irrigated control area. Irrigated and non-irrigated study soils were analyzed for pH, nitrate and ammonia, electrical conductivity (ECs), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and soil organic matter. The fluvisol, irrigated for only four years, is more affected by salinity than the calcisol irrigated for 15 years. In the upper fluvisol layer irrigated by the treated wastewater, ECs reach 8 mS•cm-1 and ESP a value of 15% while in all layers of the calcisol, ECs and ESP are lower and rarely exceed 4 mS•cm-1 and 6% respectively. This result is due to a combination of factors in the fluvisol treatment area including texture, cation exchange capacity, irrigation procedure and crop management.

An assessment of water quality indices of Chambal river in Kota City for drinking and irrigation Purposes

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
Kuldeep ◽  
Sohil Sisodiya ◽  
Anil K. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Almost All

Water is the most significant and essential compound required to survive all forms of life on Earth. The biggest upcoming crisis for most Indian metropolises is water scarcity. Kota metropolis having a population of more than 2 million, have a different scenario regarding this threat. Kota is situated on the bank of the Chambal river. It satisfies all the required water demand for drinking, irrigation, commercial and industrial activities, and other purposes. The assessment of Chambal river water quality has been conducted in this research work for drinking and irrigation purposes on a seasonal and annual basis. Twelve parameters were monitored regularly during the period of observation from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Kelly ratio, soluble sodium percentage, Kelly ratio, sodium absorption ratio, permeability index, and magnesium hazard are determined to access irrigation water quality index (IWQI), weather water quality index (WQI) is estimated for the assessment of potable water. Obtained results were compared with the Indian standard for drinking water "IS 10500:2012". Almost all parameters were within the safe limit of drinking and irrigation standards during the observation period. The calculated indices play a vital role in sustainable development related to urban development as it provides the best rating tool for the quality of water. Different aspects of water quality are accessible with these indices, which provide ultimate decision-making tools to stakeholders to implement the best management programs of the Chambal river's water.

Assessment of Irrigation Quality of Disposal Water of Ashuganj-Polash Agro-Irrigation Project, Brahmanbaria Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDUR RAZZAK ◽  
PARSA SANJANA ◽  
BELAL HOSSAIN ◽  
DEBJIT ROY ◽  
BIDHAN CHANDRA NATH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Initial Soil

The study was conducted at Ashuganj-Polash agro-irrigation project (APAIP), Brahmanbaria,aim to determine the chemical properties of power plant disposal water and to assess its suitability for irrigation. Initial soil samples (before irrigating crop field) and final soil samples (after crop harvesting) were collected. During irrigation ten water samples (six from crop field and four from irrigation canals) were collected for analysis. All soil samples were analyzed in Humboldt soil testing laboratory and water samples in bio-chemistry laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University and compared to FAO irrigation standard. Results show thatthe sodium absorption ratio (SAR) (0.53 to 0.88), residual sodium bi-carbonate (0.8 to 1.3meq L-1), Kelly’s ratio (0.31 to 0.6) and total hardness (85 to 150) found in normal range and largely suitable for irrigation. Soluble sodium percentage values found in satisfactory (20.26 to 41.1) level and magnesium absorption (57.1 to 76.4) found unsuitable for irrigation. Statistically similar value of pH, EC, total nitrogen, organic carbon, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in initial and final soil sample were observed. But potassium and sulfur value reduced in final soil sample from initial soil. The water samples fall within the permissible limit and found suitable for crop production

scholarly journals Survey of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and In Vitro Antioxidant Potency Between Fig Peels and Pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Lahcen Hssaini ◽  
Francisca Hernandez ◽  
Manuel Viuda-Martos ◽  
Jamal Charafi ◽  
Rachid Razouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition ◽  
Almost All

In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.

scholarly journals Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsiddig Eldaw ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Adam Khalifa Mohamed ◽  
Yahaya Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Deep Aquifers

AbstractDeterioration of groundwater quality due to drastic human interventions is rising at an alarming rate particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. Yet, limited research effort has been devoted to monitoring and ascertaining groundwater quality. The present study develops a comprehensive irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for rating water quality of shallow and deep aquifers in North Kurdufan province, Sudan. The new approach is developed to overcome the deficiencies of the existing irrigation indices and coming up with a unified decision for classifying water quality for irrigation purposes. Because of these indices like permeability index (PI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), etc., depending on specific elements, entirely subjective, as well as the great variations in their results, particularly when classifying water quality. Thus, IWQI is created based on eight indices that are generally used to evaluate irrigation water quality, plus three physicochemical parameters have been proven an impact on water quality. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to minimize the subjectivity at assign parameter weights under multiple criteria decision analysis tools (MCDA). The spatial distribution of IWQI agrees with the spatial distribution of the most parameters. The results of our approach reveal that the majority of samples are suitable for irrigation uses for both aquifers except few wells in the confined aquifer. Also, noted that there are very variations in the irrigation indices results for classifying water quality. The comparison result showed that the new index robust, fair calculations and has best classifying of water quality.

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