Determination of actual evapotranspiration for summer clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) using mini-lysimeters in hot arid zone of India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Meena ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
U. Burman
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Arid Zone Research ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Irrigation Levels

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years 2015-17 during the summer season at the experiment farm of ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur to determine the actual evapotranspiration of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] using mini-lysimeter by imposing different levels of irrigation based on cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) 50 mm irrigation at 100, 80, 60 and 40% of CPE. Three year averaged actual crop ET was observed 686, 554, 454 and 340 mm under 100, 80, 60 and 40 % irrigation levels, respectively. The highest crop ET was recorded under 100% followed by 80, 60 and 40 % irrigation levels. However, maximum water productivity (0.35 kg m-3) at 80% irrigation level, while the lowest (0.21 kg m-3) was observed at 40% irrigation level.The results also indicated that to achieve maximum water productivity, crop ET would need to be at least 554 mm and the crop can save 19.2% (132 mm) of water with a compromise in yield reduction by 10.4% (225 kg).

scholarly journals Effect of furrow irrigation methods and deficit irrigation levels on yield and water productivity of onion (Allium cepa L.) at Amibara, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigusie Abebe Sori ◽  
Kebede Nanesa Tufa ◽  
Jemal Mohammed Hassen ◽  
Wondimu Tolcha Adugna ◽  
Fikadu Robi Borana
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Middle Awash ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Alternate Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Bulb Yield

Abstract Background: Deficit irrigation is one of the techniques used to enhance water productivity without significant yield loss in semiarid areas. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Werer, Middle Awash Valley during the dry season of 2017/18, 2018/19 and, 2019/20 for three consecutive years to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation levels and furrow irrigation methods on onion yield and water productivity. Split plot design with three replications, in which the irrigation methods (Conventional, Fixed and Alternate Furrow) were assigned to the main plot and the three deficit levels (100% ETc, 75% ETc and 50% ETc), were in the sub-plot. Results: Results indicate that marketable onion bulb yield and water productivity were highly affected by the interaction effect of furrow irrigation methods and irrigation levels (p < 0.05). The highest bulb yield (17580.43 kg ha-) and water productivity (11.79 kg/m3) were obtained from conventional furrow irrigation method with100% ETc and alternate furrow irrigation with 50% ETc respectively. Considering water saved and maximum yield, Onion irrigated by AFI 100% ETC resulted in a 15% yield reduction with up to 50% irrigation water saving as compared to CFI 100% ETc. Conclusion: The present study suggests that, under water limiting conditions, adopting alternate furrow irrigation with 100% ETc can be an alternative to increase water productivity without significant yield reduction.

Effect of planting methods and irrigation levels on water productivity of onion (Allium cepa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Kahlon
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Irrigation Water Productivity

To investigate the effect of planting methods and irrigation levels on irrigation water productivity and onion (Allium cepa L.) yield, a field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during rabi 2011-12. Three planting methods tested include drip irrigated beds, furrow irrigated beds and flat flood irrigation. In drip irrigated beds and furrow irrigated beds three onion rows were planted on 55 cm wide beds at a spacing of 15 cm from row to row. Three levels of irrigation water were tested i.e. IW/PAN-E ratio of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 in drip irrigated onions and 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 in both bed furrow and flat flood methods of irrigation. The results of the experiment indicated that in drip irrigated beds by applying same quantity and 50 per cent of water as of flat flood irrigation, the yield was increased by 43 and 25 per cent, respectively. Irrespective of irrigation levels, highest onion yield (32.5 t ha-1) was recorded under drip irrigated beds followed by furrow irrigated beds (28.5 t ha-1) and least under flat flood irrigation method (25.0 t ha-1). The onion yield increases with the increase in irrigation level in all the planting methods. The highest irrigation water productivity was observed under drip irrigated beds (1.26 t ha-1 cm) followed by furrow irrigated beds (0.84 t ha-1 cm) and least under flat flood irrigation (0.48 t ha-1 cm) with equivalent IW/PAN-E ratios. Bigger size onions (40 mm and 50 mm) were observed under drip irrigated beds followed by furrow irrigated beds and smallest size bulbs under flat flood method of irrigation. The results revealed that drip irrigation could successfully be used for onion production with significant water saving and higher production.

Drought tolerant quinoa and irrigation scheduling in the Sahel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Alvar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Maximum Water

&lt;p&gt;Quinoa&amp;#8217;s resilience to drought stress conditions makes the crop suitable for the Sahel. It can support grain production during the dry season and can be considered an alternative crop for alleviating food insecurity within the region. The modelling of quinoa in new environments, beyond its origin, is required given its rapid worldwide expansion. Crop water models are of interest as pressure on water resources is growing and irrigation scheduling is portrayed as the best option for water optimisation. The AquaCrop model is used to simulate crop&amp;#8217;s development and derives optimal frequencies and net applications of irrigation. Due to limited water resources in the region, different irrigation schedules (i.e. full irrigation (FI), progressive drought (PD), deficit irrigation (DI) and extreme deficit irrigation (EDI)) are proposed for analysing yield and biomass responses to water stress conditions. Quinoa yields are stabilised under PD, thereby prioritising maximum water productivity rather than maximum yields. When comparing to FI, PD simulations show a 13 % yield reduction (0.97 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; for FI vs. 0.85 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; for PD), but water savings are as much as 25 % (415 mm for FI vs. 307 mm for PD). Water optimisation is reached by watering less (310 mm) but with more frequent irrigation events (28 rather than 20). The accuracy of model&amp;#8217;s simulations, as normalised-root-mean-square-error (NRMSE), is of 13.1 % for biomass and 13.6 % for grain yield (average of calibration and validation treatments).&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of water and nitrogen levels on yield attributes, water productivity and economics of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in hot arid region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
N. K. Pareek ◽  
V. S. Rathore ◽  
Vinay Nangiya ◽  
N. D. Yadava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A field experiment was conducted at research farm, Agricultural Research Sub-Station, Hanumangarh, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan during Kharif, 2016 to study the effect of water and nitrogen levels on yield attributes, water productivity and economics of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.].Cluster bean variety RGC-1055 with seed rate of 16 kg/ha was planted using 3 levels of irrigation (100, 200 and 300 mm) and 4 level of nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and analyzed in split plot design with three replication. Results showed that irrigation at 200 mm significantly increased number of pods/plant (44.7), number of seeds/pod (7.8), test weight (28.7g), net returns (Rs 31179/ha) and B:C ratio (2.1) over 100 mm irrigation level.However, water productivity (0.25 kg m-3) was highest at 100 mm irrigation level. Nitrogen level at 40 kg/ha significantly increased number of pods/plant (48.3), number of seeds/pod (8.4), test weight (32.2 g), net returns (Rs.32273/ha), B:C ratio (2.12) and water productivity (0.27 kg m-3) over no application of N.

scholarly journals A global meta-analysis of yield and water productivity responses of vegetables to deficit irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Singh ◽  
Paramveer Singh ◽  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
Rupinder Kaur Saini ◽  
Sangamesh V. Angadi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Yield Decline

AbstractStrategies promoting efficient water use and conserving irrigation water are needed to attain water security to meet growing food demands. This meta-analysis study evaluated the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) strategy on eight vegetables to provide a quantitative estimate of yield and water productivity (WP) responses under variable soil textures, climates, and production systems (open-field and greenhouse). This study analyzed 425 yield and 388 WP comparisons of different DI levels to full irrigation (FI), extracted from 185 published studies representing 30 countries. Moving from the highest (> 80%FI) to the lowest (< 35%FI) irrigation level, the overall yield decline was 6.9 to 51.1% compared to FI, respectively. The WP gains ranged from 8.1 to 30.1%, with 35–50%FI recording the highest benefits. Soil texture affected the yield significantly only under the least irrigation class (< 35%FI), wherein sandy clay and loam recorded the highest (82.1%) and the lowest (26.9%) yield decline, respectively. Among the climates, temperate climate was overall the most advantageous with the least yield penalty (21.9%) and the highest WP gain (21.78%) across various DI levels. The DI application under the greenhouse caused lesser yield reduction compared to the open-field. The WP gains due to DI were also higher for greenhouse (18.4%) than open-field (13.6%). Consideration of yield penalties and the cost of saved irrigation water is crucial while devising the reduced irrigation amounts to the crops. The yield reductions under low to moderate water deficits (> 65%FI) accompanied by gains in WP may be justifiable in the light of anticipated water restriction.

Effects of establishment method and water management on yield and water productivity of tropical lowland rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-346
Author(s):  
Hayat Ullah ◽  
Suman Giri ◽  
Ahmed Attia ◽  
Avishek Datta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Better Than

AbstractModification of the existing cropping practice is needed to maintain rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and reduce irrigation water input. A 2-year field experiment was conducted during the dry rice growing season of 2016 and 2017 at the Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand, to investigate the effects of establishment method and irrigation level on growth, yield, and water productivity of irrigated lowland rice. The treatments consisted of two Thai rice cultivars (Pathumthani 1 and RD57), two establishment methods (dry direct seeding [DDS] and transplanting [TP]), and three irrigation levels (continuous flooding [CF], 15 cm threshold water level below the soil surface for irrigation [AWD15], and 30 cm threshold water level below the soil surface for irrigation [AWD30]). Overall, the performance of RD57 was better than Pathumthani 1 under DDS with 50% higher grain yield and 90% higher water productivity at AWD15. RD57 also had higher shoot dry matter, number of tiller m–2, and number of panicle m–2 across establishment methods and irrigation levels. Grain yield and water productivity of RD57 were similar under two establishment methods across irrigation levels, whereas the performance of TP was better than DDS for Pathumthani 1 irrespective of irrigation levels. The highest grain yield and water productivity of Pathumthani 1 was observed at AWD15 under TP and that of RD57 under both establishment methods at the same irrigation level. AWD15 saved 26 and 32% irrigation water under TP and DDS, respectively, compared with TP-CF treatment combination. AWD15 irrigation level could be recommended for greater water productivity without compromising yield when Pathumthani 1 is cultivated through TP and RD57 is cultivated through either DDS or TP. Although water-saving potential was higher compared with CF, AWD30 is not recommended for irrigated lowland rice cultivation due to significant yield reduction.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Irrigation Strategies on Yield and Water Use of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Semi-Arid Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1580-1588
Author(s):  
NURCAN YAVUZ
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Increasing population and challenges among the sectors due to the climate change and incorrect water policy has increased the pressure on water resources. This situation being as a global crisis particularly in respect to the food security has accelerated productive utilization of water supplies. The aim of the current study with 2-year experiments was to identify the effect of different irrigation interval and irrigation regimes on the yield and yield components of dry bean having greater than 50% of total world legumes production. In that experiment, two different irrigation interval, 7 and 14-day, and three different irrigation levels, (I100, I75 and I50, were studied. In results, the maximum yield was obtained from 7-day irrigation interval, and 28% yield reduction was detected at 14-day irrigation interval. In examine the irrigation levels, the highest yield was found at full irrigation (I100), and increasing water stress caused significant yield reductions e.g. 21% and 49% for I75 and I50, respectively. The evapotranspiration and total applied water as an average of 2013-2014 were calculated as 533 mm, and 450 mm, respectively. In assessment of the both the combine year results, the ky value was determined as 1.59, and this finding shows that dry bean crop is sensitive to the water stress condition.

Forecasting the fl ood situation using space images in the city of Tavda Sverdlovsk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
A.S. Bruskova ◽  
T.I. Levitskaya ◽  
D.M. Haydukova
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Geoinformation System ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Geoinformation Systems ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The City

Flooding is a dangerous phenomenon, causing emergency situations and causing material damage, capable of damaging health, and even death of people. To reduce the risk and economic damage from flooding, it is necessary to forecast flooding areas. An effective method of forecasting emergency situations due to flooding is the method of remote sensing of the Earth with integration into geoinformation systems. With the help of satellite imagery, a model of flooding was determined based on the example of Tavda, the Sverdlovsk Region. Space images are loaded into the geoinformation system and on their basis a series of thematic layers is created, which contains information about the zones of possible flooding at given water level marks. The determination of the area of flooding is based on the calculation of the availability of maximum water levels at hydrological stations. According to the calculated security data, for each hydrological post, flood zones are constructed by interpolation between pre-calculated flood zones of standard security. The results of the work can be used by the Main Directorate of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia for the Sverdlovsk Region.

Salinity Problems in the Arid Zones. Arid Zone Research, Vol. XIV

1962 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
B. H. Farmer ◽  
UNESCO
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Arid Zone Research
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