scholarly journals ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS AND PREPARATIONS EFFECTIVE AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
T. I. Glotova ◽  
A. A. Nikonova ◽  
A. G. Glotov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Antiviral Targets ◽  
Effective Drugs

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae. It causes various clinical forms of infection leading to significant economic losses in beef and dairy industry worldwide. Furthermore, the virus is a contaminant of biological preparations (bovine fetal serum, continuous cell cultures, vaccines for human and veterinary medicine, interferons, trypsin, biotechnological preparations, embryos, stem cells, etc.). It is used as a test object when developing methods of decontamination. In some countries, a tool for monitoring the infection caused by the virus is vaccination based on the use of live and inactivated vaccines with varying efficiency. The antiviral compounds are a potential means of control in case of insufficient efficacy of vaccines. Their advantage for BVDV control is the ability to provide immediate protection for animals at risk in the case of an outbreak of the disease. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about antiviral compounds against BVDV. It was noted that due to the use of advanced biomedical technologies there is a tendency to search for drugs that might be effective for antiviral therapy of BVDV, as indicated by numerous studies of new compounds and the antiviral efficacy of known drugs used in medical practice. In addition to the well-known antiviral targets for the virus, such as the RdRp, IMPDH, NS3, new targets were discovered, such as protein p7. Its mechanism of action remains to be explored. It can be concluded that there is a great potential for BVDV control through the use of antiviral drugs which has not yet implemented. The biggest obstacle for commercial implementation of identified compounds is the lack of demonstration of their efficacy in vivo. Further studies should be performed to develop a method for administering effective drugs to groups of animals.

scholarly journals Melatonin as Immune Potentiator for Enhancing Subunit Vaccine Efficacy against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Yi-Xuan Wang ◽  
Guang-Hui Yang ◽  
Lin-Lin Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jiu-Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen associated with substantial economic losses in the dairy cattle industry. Currently, there are no effective vaccines against BVDV. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties, and the use of MF59 in vaccines significantly enhances vaccine efficiency. Here, MT and MF59 were added into the Erns-LTB vaccine. Subsequently, their inhibitory activity on the NF-κB signaling pathway in Mardin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells and the hippocampus was assessed using western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The findings revealed that MT in the Erns-LTB vaccine decreases the phosphorylation of p65 proteins caused by BVDV infection. In addition, MT decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in vitro, but increased the production of IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx1 in vitro, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cyclic amp response element-binding protein, and the stem cell factor in vivo. Furthermore, treatment with Erns-LTB + MF59 + MT stimulated the production of T lymphocytes, alleviated pathological damage, decreased expressions of BVDV antigen, and tight junction proteins in mice. These findings imply that MT has potential for use in the Erns-LTB vaccine to inhibit BVDV infection and regulate the immune responses of T-cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Cattle connection: molecular epidemiology of BVDV outbreaks via rapid nanopore whole-genome sequencing of clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline King ◽  
Anne Pohlmann ◽  
Kamila Dziadek ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
Kerstin Wernike
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Loads

Abstract Background As a global ruminant pathogen, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is responsible for the disease Bovine Viral Diarrhea with a variety of clinical presentations and severe economic losses worldwide. Classified within the Pestivirus genus, the species Pestivirus A and B (syn. BVDV-1, BVDV-2) are genetically differentiated into 21 BVDV-1 and four BVDV-2 subtypes. Commonly, the 5’ untranslated region and the Npro protein are utilized for subtyping. However, the genetic variability of BVDV leads to limitations in former studies analyzing genome fragments in comparison to a full-genome evaluation. Results To enable rapid and accessible whole-genome sequencing of both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains, nanopore sequencing of twelve representative BVDV samples was performed on amplicons derived through a tiling PCR procedure. Covering a multitude of subtypes (1b, 1d, 1f, 2a, 2c), sample matrices (plasma, EDTA blood and ear notch), viral loads (Cq-values 19–32) and species (cattle and sheep), ten of the twelve samples produced whole genomes, with two low titre samples presenting 96 % genome coverage. Conclusions Further phylogenetic analysis of the novel sequences emphasizes the necessity of whole-genome sequencing to identify novel strains and supplement lacking sequence information in public repositories. The proposed amplicon-based sequencing protocol allows rapid, inexpensive and accessible obtainment of complete BVDV genomes.

scholarly journals Alpha/Beta and Gamma Interferons Are Induced by Infection with Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus In Vivo

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Charleston ◽  
L. S. Brackenbury ◽  
B. V. Carr ◽  
M. D. Fray ◽  
J. C. Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Interferon Responses ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT In contrast to the results of previous in vitro studies, experimental infection of calves with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpBVDV) was found to induce strong alpha/beta and gamma interferon responses in gnotobiotic animals. These responses were associated with depressed levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in serum. The results of this study indicate that the immunosuppression caused by ncpBVDV is not associated with low interferon responses or elevated levels of TGF-β.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Goats in Southwestern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Deng ◽  
Silu Wang ◽  
Runxia Liu ◽  
Guiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and other ruminants, as well as some wild animals. BVDV causes considerable economic losses every year and many countries have developed programs aimed at the eradication of this disease. The genetic diversity of BVDV in diseased goats has never been described in southwestern China. Thus, in this study, we applied antigen-capture ELISA and RT-PCR to survey the infection rate of BVDV in diseased goats in this region. Our results demonstrated that the average BVDV infection rate in goats was 17.51%, with all positive samples indicating infection by BVDV-1 and not BVDV-2, BVDV-3, or Border disease virus. The molecular characteristics of the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of BVDV-1 were recognized as belonging predominantly to the BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1m, and 1p subtypes. BVDV-1b and 1m were the most abundant subtypes identified in this region, similar to the BVDV epidemics in cattle in other regions of China. This is the first study that describes the genetic characterization of BVDV in sick goats from southwestern China and is important for future studies and control programs.

scholarly journals In-vivo Activity of IFN-λ and IFN-α Against Bovine-Viral-Diarrhea Virus in a Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Quintana ◽  
Lucas José Barone ◽  
Myrian Vanesa Trotta ◽  
Cecilia Turco ◽  
Florencia Celeste Mansilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals Bovine Leukosis Virus and Antibodies against Bovine Herpesvirus Type-1 and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and in Buffaloes of the State of Pará, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Rinaldo Batista Viana ◽  
Claudia Del Fava ◽  
Ana Carolina de Barros Moura ◽  
Bruno Moura Monteiro ◽  
Rodrigo Dos Santos Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bovine Leukosis

Background: Viral diseases affecting reproduction cause economic losses in cattle, as reproductive failure interrupts the production cycle, thus reducing herd productivity. Buffaloes are susceptible to most of the diseases that affect cattle. Some of the viral diseases of reproductive importance are infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), and bovine leukosis (BL). The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of IBR virus (bovine herpes virus-1, BoHV-1), BVD virus (BVDV), and BL virus (BLV) in female buffaloes living in wetland areas or plains in the state of Pará, as well as the seroprevalence of BoHV-1, BVDV, and BLV in females of different age groups.Materials, Methods & Results: It were used 225 crossbred buffaloes from 4 buffalo exclusive farms. The buffaloes reared on farms A (n = 50) and B (n = 89) were kept in wetland areas on Marajó Island (n = 139), Pará. On farms C (n = 30) and D (n = 56) buffaloes were kept in plains (n = 86) in a northeastern mesoregion of Para. Animals were categorized into age groups: I: 0-3 years (n = 34), II: 3-6 years (n = 58), III: 7-9 years (n = 55), and IV: over 9 years (n = 78). Blood samples were collected and sera were sent for processing at the Bovine Virus Laboratory, Biological Institute of São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of IBRV and BVDV was determined by neutralization and BLV antibodies by immunodiffusion in agar gel. Statistical analysis was performed using the Ȥ2 test at a significance level of 5%. Among the seroprevalences of IBRV, BVDV and BLV antibodies, the difference in prevalence for BVD [P < 0.01] was observed between wetland areas and plains of Para, varying from 12.4% to 96.0% and 0.0% to 13.3%, respectively. While levels of IBRV remained high on farms A (79.6%), B (86.5%), C (83.3%) and D (89.1%) [P = 0.60] and BLV was negative in all the animals. BVDV was similar for all the age groups [P = 0.60], while IBRV was more prevalent in animals over 6 years of age with group I: (76.5%), II (74.5%), III (92.3%) and IV (91.3%) [P = 0.01]. It was not possible verify the influence of age in prevalence for BL.Discussion: The prevalence obtained for the BoHV-1 on farms was high, with little variation between 79.6% and 89.1%. The high prevalence of BoHV-1 suggests the free circulation of the virus in the state of Para. Notably, the animals in this study had not been vaccinated, so the determined viral antibody titers were independent of vaccination. BVDV results showed high variation between 0.0% and 96.0%. The highest prevalence in wetland areas may be related to the breeding environment, because of a possible horizontal contamination. The lack of BLV antibodies prevalence can be attributed to the fact that all the evaluated animals were kept in an extensive breeding system where they had little direct contact. The prevalence of IBR was higher in the older animals. Variation in prevalence with age was not observed for BVD. It was concluded that the prevalence for IBR and BVD were high indicating that the etiological agents are circulating in Para, with IBR having a higher prevalence in older animals. Breeding buffalo in wetland areas may favor horizontal transmission of BVDV because facilitate contact of healthy animals with water contaminated by virus carriers animal secretion and the absence of seropositive animals at the BLV does not necessarily indicate that buffaloes are resistant to the virus.

152 TRANSMISSION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS BY IN VITRO-FERTILIZED EMBRYOS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bielanski ◽  
J. Algire ◽  
A. Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection affects cattle throughout the world. It causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. The potential for transmission of a cytopathic biotype of BVDV by in vivo-derived embryos has been thought to be negligible. However, there is no study to prove non-transmission of the most common field isolate of noncytopathic biotype (NCPB) of BVDV by IVF embryos. Here we report on the preliminary outcome of embryo transfer (ET) of IVF embryos exposed in vitro to type-1 (NY-1) and type-2 (P-131) genotypes of NCPB of BVDV. For this experiment, IVF embryos were generated using standard methods which briefly involve: maturation of cumulus–oocyte complexes in TCM medium, fertilization of oocytes with BVDV-free semen, and culture of zygotes to the blastocyst stage in SOF medium without somatic cells. Day 7 blastocysts were exposed for 1 h to NY-1 or P-131 (103–107 TCID50 mL–1) BVDV strains before being washed (without trypsin) as recommended by IETS. Two embryos were transferred on each occasion. Embryo recipients were virus-free and anti-BVDV antibody-free prior to ET. The recipients remained individually in isolation premises after ET. In total, 126 ET procedures were performed resulting in 57 pregnancies and 34 calves born free of the infectious virus and BVDV antibodies (5 pregnancies are still pending). In total, 23 pregnancies were lost after 30 days. Exposure of embryos to type-2 BVDV resulted in a loss of 46% (17/37) of pregnancies after 30 days post-ET and 20 recipients seroconverted to BVDV. Within seroconverted and pregnant animals (n = 14), only 2 recipients maintained pregnancy and delivered uninfected calves at term. In contrast, exposure of embryos to type-1 caused 30% (6/20) of the pregnancy losses after 30 days and did not cause any seroconversion in ET recipients. After washing, 33% (3/9) and 38% (17/44) single embryos from the infected pool of IVF embryos tested positive for the BVDV. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, a proportion of recipients was apparently infected after receipt of BVDV-exposed embryos. However, all of the calves that survived to term were BVDV-free and anti-BVDV antibody free.

140 INTRAUTERINE INOCULATION OF CATTLE WITH BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS SIMULTANEOUS TO TRANSFER OF IN VIVO-DERIVED BOVINE EMBRYOS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
J. A. Gard ◽  
M. D. Givens ◽  
P. K. Galik ◽  
M. S. D. Marley ◽  
K. P. Riddell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
In Vitro Exposure ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been shown to be associated with single transferable in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos despite washing. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of BVDV to be transmitted via the intrauterine route at the time of embryo transfer. A total of 10 in vivo-derived Day 7 bovine embryos were nonsurgically collected from a BVDV negative and seronegative donor cow. After collection, embryos were washed in accordance with the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) standards. Following washing, embryos were placed into transfer media containing BVDV (SD-1; type 1a). The embryos were immediately aspirated into 0.25-mL straws and transferred into seronegative recipients (Day 0). The total quantity of virus transferred into the uterus of each recipient was 900 to 1000 cell culture infective dose 50 (CCID50)/straw. This amount of virus was previously shown to be consistent with the average amount of BVDV associated with in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced embryos following standard IETS washing procedures after in vitro exposure to virus. The positive control heifer received 1.5 × 106 CCID50/straw of BVDV without an embryo. The negative control heifer received 1.5 × 106 CCID50/straw of heat-inactivated BVDV without an embryo. Serum and buffy coat samples were drawn from all heifers on Days 0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, and 30 after inoculation and analyzed for serum neutralizing antibodies and virus, respectively. The positive control heifer and all recipients of virus-exposed embryos exhibited viremia by Day 6 and seroconverted by Day 15. The negative control heifer did not exhibit viremia or seroconvert. All recipients receiving embryos were assessed for pregnancy using transrectal ultrasonography on Day 30 and 6 of 10 heifers were pregnant. On Day 60 the pregnant heifers were again assessed for pregnancy using transrectal ultrasonography. At this time only 1 of the 6 heifers was still pregnant. However, the fetus was determined to be nonviable and was removed via colpotomy. The fetus, fetal fluids and membranes were determined to be positive for BVDV via immunohistochemistry and PCR. Additionally, 213 base pairs of the 5′ nontranslated region of this PCR product were sequenced and found to be consistent with the inoculated strain. Results demonstrate that the average quantity of BVDV associated with bovine embryos after in vitro exposure and washing can result in viremia and seroconversion of seronegative recipients following transfer into the uterus during diestrus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document