ATI-2341 Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Promotes Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Recruitment and Enhances Uterine Repair Through Gi Pathway in Asherman’s Syndrome

This study aimed to explore the role of ATI-2341 in Asherman’s syndrome and its impact on menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs). Following establishment of endometrial injury model, MenSCs were extracted from rats and cultured. They were treated with ATI-2341 TFA at different concentrations (10 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL) and MenSCs treated without ATI-2341 TFA were taken as controls. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect the cell cycle. MTT was carried out to evaluate proliferation of endometrial cells. The expression levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, CK, and VIM were determined with staining used to reflect morphology of endometrium. Administration with ATI-2341 TFA resulted in decreased expression of MMP-9 and increased expression of TIMP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Of note, the increase of ATI-2341 TFA concentration was accompanied with elevated cell proliferation rate, increased number of glands in the endometrium, and decreased fibrosis area. As treated with 100 ng/mL ATI-2341 TFA, the cells exhibited more glands than that under other concentrations with uniformly arranged glands and lowest expression levels of CK and VIM, control group had plenty of blue-stained collagen fibers in the intima and least amount of glands. ATI-2341 TFA 100 ng/mL induced endometrial epithelial recruitment effect on MenSCs and promoted endometrial repair more significantly than Gi-3 pathway agonists. Collectively, ATI-2341 TFA enhances MenSC recruitment and facilitates endometrial epithelial cells proliferation and the repair of uterine damage in Asherman’s syndrome through Gi pathway. These findings provide a\ novel insight into the MenSC-based treatment against Asherman’s syndrome and deserve further investigation.

Cell Growth Factor and Estrogen Inducing Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells (MenSC) Differentiate into Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Extracted MenSC (Menstrual blood-derived stem cells) from female menstrual blood. Added various exogenous factors in-vitro and simulated the female uterine environment to observe how to make MenSC differentiation into Endometrial epithelial cells by artificial induction. MenSCs were divided into 4 groups: 2.5×10−5 mol/L E group, 1.613 nmol/L EGF group, 2.5×10−5 mol/L E+1.613 nmol/L EGF group, control Group (only MenSCs); the relevant indicators of the experiment includes cell staining and Western Blot to detect CK and VIM protein content; RT-PCR to detect CK-19 mRNA and VIM mRNA. The cell staining results showed that E+EGF group had significant differentiation in 7 days and 14 days. CK-19mRNA of E+EGF group was significantly higher than other groups, and the EGF group expression was obviously higher than that of E group, and VIMmRNA expression is opposite to that. The protein expression had the similar performance. MenSC can differentiate into endometrial epithelial cells after induced by E and EFG; and the co-culture of E and EFG can achieve better differentiation, which proves their work together in MenSC differentiate towards endometrial epithelial cells.

A Comparative Study of Gene Expression in Menstrual Blood-Derived Stromal Cells between Endometriosis and Healthy Women

Background. Research into the pathogenesis of endometriosis would substantially promote its effective treatment and early diagnosis. Currently, accumulating evidence has shed light on the importance of endometrial stem cells within the menstrual blood which are involved in the establishment and progression of endometriotic lesions in a retrograde manner. Objectives. We aimed to identify the differences in some genes’ expression between menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) isolated from endometriosis patients (E-MenSCs) and MenSCs from healthy women (NE-MenSCs). Methods. Menstrual blood samples (2-3 mL) from healthy and endometriosis women in the age range of 22–35 years were collected. Isolated MenSCs by the Ficoll-Paque density-gradient centrifugation method were characterized by flow cytometry. MenSCs were evaluated for key related endometriosis genes by real-time-PCR. Results. E-MenSCs were morphologically different from NE-MenSCs and showed, respectively, higher and lower expression of CD10 and CD9. Furthermore, E-MenSCs had higher expression of Cyclin D1 (a cell cycle-related gene) and MMP-2 and MMP-9 (migration- and invasion-related genes) genes compared with NE-MenSCs. Despite higher cell proliferation in E-MenSCs, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio was significantly lower in E-MenSCs compared to NE-MenSCs. Also, the level of inflammatory genes such as IL1β, IL6, IL8, and NF-κB and stemness genes including SOX2 and SALL4 was increased in E-MenSCs compared with NE-MenSCs. Further, VEGF, as a potent angiogenic factor, showed a significant increase in E-MenSCs rather than NE-MenSCs. However, NE-MenSCs showed increased ER-α and β-catenin when compared with E-MenSCs. Conclusion. Here, we showed that there are gene expression differences between E-MenSCs and NE-MenSCs. These findings propose that MenSCs could play key role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and further support the menstrual blood retrograde theory of endometriosis formation. This could be of great importance in exploiting promising therapeutic targets and new biomarkers for endometriosis treatment and prognosis.

Protocol on Effect of Planned Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Menstrual Blood Banking among Nursing Students

Background: The student’s changing habits varies depending on their intellectual level. Transition concerns are also present among college students. You have issues with your parents and siblings due to shyness and aggression. They are having academic adjustment issues as a result of the new academic pattern, atmosphere, and faculties. Academic transition includes finding inspiration, taking actions to satisfy academic obligations, and dealing with academic frustration. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding Menstrual Blood Banking among nursing students. Methods: The data gathering process began from 5th April 2021. The investigators visited selected nursing school in Sawangi (M) Wardha City and got the mandatory authorization from the concerned authorities. To ensure better coordination during data collection, the researchers introduced themselves and told them about the purpose of the study. The researchers contacted the final year nursing students of selected area and clarified the purposes of the study and described how it will be helpful for them. They investigated their will to take part in the study and attain permission from them. They will assess their knowledge regarding Menstrual Blood Banking among Nursing Students by using structured questionnaire and after that, they will give them planned teaching regarding Menstrual Blood Banking. Then, after the seventh day of planned teaching, they will assess their post-test knowledge score regarding Menstrual Blood Banking. The investigators acknowledged all the study samples as well as the authorities for their support. The conclusion will be drawn from the results and will be published in peer reviewed journal. Materials and Methods: The information was gathered from nursing students at nursing colleges in Wardha district. The research method was quantitative, and the study design was pre-experimental, one group pre-test post-test. The research was conducted at Wardha district's selected nursing colleges. Students make up the population, and samples were taken from 64 nursing students. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and a targeted sample strategy. The tools for data collection used was -socio demographic data (age, education, religion, course, year of study and residence of the students),self-administered questionnaire on Menstrual Blood Banking and lesson plan on Menstrual Blood Banking. Expected Results: This study is planned to assess knowledge regarding Menstrual Blood Banking among nursing students. Hence, it is expected to identify the effectiveness of planned teaching regarding Menstrual Blood Banking. The conclusion will be drawn from the results and will be published in per review journal.

A Fibrin Coating Method of Polypropylene Meshes Enables the Adhesion of Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Delivery Strategy for Stem Cell-Based Therapies

Polypropylene (PP) mesh is well-known as a gold standard of all prosthetic materials of choice for the reinforcement of soft tissues in case of hernia, organ prolapse, and urinary incontinence. The adverse effects that follow surgical mesh implantation remain an unmet medical challenge. Herein, it is outlined a new approach to allow viability and adhesion of human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MenSCs) on PP surgical meshes. A multilayered fibrin coating, based on fibrinogen and thrombin from a commercial fibrin sealant, was optimized to guarantee a homogeneous and stratified film on PP mesh. MenSCs were seeded on the optimized fibrin-coated meshes and their adhesion, viability, phenotype, gene expression, and immunomodulatory capacity were fully evaluated. This coating guaranteed MenSC viability, adhesion and did not trigger any change in their stemness and inflammatory profile. Additionally, MenSCs seeded on fibrin-coated meshes significantly decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, compared to in vitro stimulated lymphocytes (p < 0.0001). Hence, the proposed fibrin coating for PP surgical meshes may allow the local administration of stromal cells and the reduction of the exacerbated inflammatory response following mesh implantation surgery. Reproducible and easy to adapt to other cell types, this method undoubtedly requires a multidisciplinary and translational approach to be improved for future clinical uses.

Сихырсы ‘колдуны’ и колдовство в башкирской мифологии

Introduction. The article deals with the mythologized characters of the Bashkir mythology ― sikhyrsy (сихырсы, sorcerers). Its aim is to identify and to interpret the characters and their names, as well as other related vocabulary. Data and methods. The research materials include folklore texts and entries of dictionaries of the Bashkir and of other Turkic languages. The main methods employed for the analysis are descriptive and comparative. Results. The main, most common names of Bashkir sorcerers have been established. These are the terms сихырсы and боҙомсо, which come from lexemes sykhyr (сихыр: magic, witchcraft, sorcery) and bozom (боҙом: damage, witchcraft, harm effected with the help of mythologized objects and means). In addition, the article discusses the terms osokso (осоҡсо), arbausy (арбаусы), iamialliauise (әмәлләүсе), etc., characterizing the methods of Bashkir sorcerers’ malicious actions. There are parallels from other Turkic and non-Turkic languages to the terms associated with sorcerers and witchcraft, which indicate the origin of Bashkir terms. Hence, it has been established that some lexical items, as well as the characters they refer to have pan-Altai roots, some are Turkic, some are inter-Turkic, still others are of Bashkir origin; and a number of words are loans. In particular, the term sikhyrsy (сихырсы) itself goes back to Arabic, while the items bozomso (боҙомсо), arbausy (арбаусы), osokso (осоҡсо), and yelpeui (йелпеү) have parallels in many Turkic languages. Interestingly, йелпеү has phonetic variants not only in the Turkic, but also in the Mongolian languages; and боҙомсо and арбаусы have parallels in the Finno-Ugric languages. Also, the article discusses in some detail methods of Bashkir sorcerers’ malicious actions, illustrating them with examples. According to the author, the most common of these are the use of grave earth, “mortuary water”, needles to sew a shroud, raw eggs, dolls, blood of innocence, menstrual blood, as well as witchcraft based on the use of sweat, knots, and special incantations, which, according to the Bashkir ancestors, enhanced the harmfulness of techniques used. Finally, the article deals with cases of witchcraft of medicine men, positive characters of Bashkir mythology, who performed them to punish evil, namely, thieves of cattle and of goods, and rapists. Conclusions. The mythologized characters of sykhyrsy belong to negative characters and the Bashkir language has numerous items for their designation. The sykhyrsy had at their disposal a variety of means and methods to do harm, as well as antidotes to their harmful action. There is terminology for every magical action, the items often having Turkic or Altaic roots, and sometimes borrowed from other languages.