Tools for Screening for Interpersonal Violence: State of the Science

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois A. Haggerty ◽  
Joellen W. Hawkins ◽  
Holly Fontenot ◽  
Annie Lewis-O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
State Of The Science

In recent decades, the prevalence of abuse against women, older persons, and persons with disabilities has become a major public health problem. Health professionals, urged by their professional associations to universally screen these groups, have employed various tools in an effort to identify individuals in need of help. Yet many of the tools used widely in clinical settings have limitations in terms of empirical soundness. This article presents tools used to screen women, older persons, and persons with disabilities as well as data on the reliability and validity of these instruments. These properties and the resources needed to reduce harm are important factors to consider before implementing screening. The article concludes with a summary of the risk–benefit issues related to the use of these tools and universal screening in general.

Violence and public health

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
Alexander Butchart ◽  
Stephanie Burrows ◽  
Berit Kieselbach
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health And Development

Abstract Violence is a major public health problem and in recent years has become increasingly important on the global public health agenda. This article provides an overview of the history and significance of interpersonal violence – including child maltreatment, youth violence, intimate partner violence and elder abuse – in global health and development policy, and illustrates the public health approach to violence prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtye Bisetegn ◽  
Tegegne Eshetu ◽  
Yonas Erkihun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by mainly Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma hematobium. The disease is very common in Africa including Ethiopia. Schistosoma mansoni is a major public health problem in Ethiopia especially among children. This review is aimed to indicate the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among children at national and regional level. Methods and material: The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE and Google search were carried out using key terms. Articles published from the proceeding of professional associations such as Ethiopian medical laboratory association, Ethiopian public health association and annual national research conferences were searched to find eligible studies. Data was extracted independently by two investigators, and pooled using a random effects model. Data was extracted using Microsoft excel and final analyzed using STATA version 12. Quality of included studies was assessed using JBI quality assessment criteria. Result Over all 41 studies involving 15968 children were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection was 37.75% (95%CI:29.97–45.53). High heterogeneity was observed with I2 of 99.3%, p = 0.000. According to subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence was high in SNNPR (46.27%: 95%CI: 21.77–70.77) followed by Amhara region (41.9%: 95%CI: 28.45–54.54) Tigray region (38.14%: 95%CI:24.22–52.05) and Oromia region (26.54%: 95%CI: 16.89–36.20). Year from 2011 to 2015 contribute for the highest prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among children (44.46% (95%:30.88–58.03). Conclusion This study revealed 37.75% Schistosoma mansoni infection among children. High prevalence of schistosomes among children highlights the importance of improving and implementing appropriate control strategies such as mass drug administration in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtye Bisetegn ◽  
Tegegne Eshetu ◽  
Yonas Erkihun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by mainly Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma hematobium. The disease is very common in Africa including Ethiopia. Schistosoma mansoni is a major public health problem in Ethiopia especially among children. This review is aimed to indicate the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among children at the national and regional levels. Methods and material The PRISMA guidelines were followed. An electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google search were carried out using key terms. Articles published from the proceeding of professional associations such as the Ethiopian medical laboratory association, the Ethiopian public health association, and annual national research conferences were also searched to find additional eligible studies. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, and cross-checked by a third reviewer. The quality of included studies was assessed using JBI quality assessment criteria. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel and finally analyzed using STATA version 12. The pooled prevalence was done using a random-effects model. Result Overall 49 studies involving 20,493 children (10,572 male and 9, 921 females) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection was 37.13% (95%CI:30.02–44.24). High heterogeneity was observed with I2 of 99.4%, P < 0.000. According to subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence was high in the SNNPR (41.49%: 95%CI: 19.52–63.46) followed by the Amhara region (41.11%: 95%CI: 30.41–51.8), the Tigray region (31.40%: 95%CI:11.72–51.09), and the Oromia region (28.98%: 95%CI: 18.85–39.1). Year from 2011 to 2015 contributed to the highest prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children (46.31%: 95%:34.21–59.05). Conclusion This study revealed a 37.13% prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children. This is an alert to improve and implement appropriate control strategies such as mass drug administration in Ethiopia.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

MEASLES OUTBREAK IN A RURAL AREA OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mir M Hassan Bullo ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jawad Faisal Malik ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
District Health ◽  
Active Case

Background: Measles is highly contagious vaccine preventable disease (VPD), and a major public health problem considered as leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Pakistan. An outbreak of measles was reported in Sharifabad Islamabad on 15th of April 2017, and an investigation was launched to assess the magnitude of outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A comprehensive house to house active case search along with vaccine coverage survey was conducted from April 19-22, 2017. A case was defined as "onset of maculopapular rash with fever in a resident of Sharifabad with at least one of the following signs/ symptoms, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Otitis media or Pneumonia present in between 19 March to 22nd April 2017". Four age & sex matched controls were selected from the neighborhood. Data was collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and vaccination coverage was determined by using Epi survey form. Blood samples were sent for laboratory confirmation. Results: A total of eight cases were identified through active case finding while three were reported by local practitioner. Mean age of cases were 20 months (range 8-36 months). Severely affected age-group was 1-2 years with attack rate of 46%. Around two-third (64%) of cases and a few (16%) of controls were unvaccinated against measles. Contact with measles patient [OR 25.2, CI 3.9-160.1, P=0.00], unvaccinated children [OR 9.2 CI 2.12-40.4, P=0.000], social misconception regarding vaccination [OR 7.8 CI 1.42-42.6, P=0.00], and distance from healthcare facility [OR 5.7 CI 1.15-28.35, P=0.02] were significant risk factors. Vaccine efficacy was 90%. Conclusion: Main reasons of the outbreak were contact with the cases, and low vaccination status. We recommended comprehensive measles vaccination and community awareness sessions. On our recommendations district health authority Islamabad carried out mop up of whole area.

Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Rakhshan .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

New Hope for Resistant Hypertention

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Z Rahman ◽  
KK Karmaker ◽  
M Ahmed ◽  
M Aziz ◽  
S Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽  
Activation Therapy ◽  
Increasing Trends

Hypertension is a major public health problem. Despite the increasing awareness of hypertension and its implications among patients and treating physicians, the prevalence of resistant hypertension    remains high.Resistant hypertension define as blood pressure that remains elevated above treatment goals despite administration of an optimal three drug regimen that include a diuretic1 The prevalence of resistant    hypertension is projected to increase, owing to the aging population and increasing trends in obesity, sleep apnea, and chronic kidney disease. It is estimated that at least 10% of all patients with hypertension are resistant to existing drugs. Management of resistant hypertension must begin with  a careful evaluation of the patient to confirm the diagnosis and exclude factors associated with “pseudo-resistance,” such as improper BP measurement technique, the white-coat effect, and poor patient adherence to life-style and/or antihypertensive medications. Despite the use of the appropriate dose and type of diuretic to overcome the management of resistant hypertension, we can’t achieve our goal. But there is at least two devices namely Baroreflex Activation Therapy and Catheter-based  renal sympathetic denervation make the new hope for the patient with resistant hypertension DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v5i1.12278 Cardiovasc. j. 2012; 5(1): 81-91

Eliminating Hepatitis B from Bangladesh by the Year 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Md Golam Mustafa ◽  
Md Shahinul Alam ◽  
Md Golam Azam ◽  
Md Mahabubul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Government

Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem. Bangladesh having a large burden of HBV infection, should be a major contributor towards it’s elimination by 2030. The country has been making progress in reducing incidence of HBV infection during the past decades. The progresses are mainly due to large vaccination coverage among children and large coverage of timely birthdose vaccine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges in achieving target of reduction in mortality from HBV. On the basis of targets of the WHO’s Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, we highlight priorities for action towards HBV elimination. To attain the target of reduced mortality we propose that, the service coverage targets of diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized along with vaccination. Firstly, improvements are needed in the diagnostic and treatment abilities of medical institutions and health workers. Secondly, the government needs to reduce the costs of health care. Thirdly, better coordination is needed across existing national program and resources to establish an integrated system for prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this way, we can make progress towards achieving the target of eliminating HBV from Bangladesh by 2030 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 145-149

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

Resilience Wellness Program for Suicide Prevention: Implementing the VA Whole Health Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Vitale ◽  
Lauren Byma ◽  
Evan Podolak ◽  
Zhaoyu Wang ◽  
Shengnan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Outpatient Program ◽  
Innovative Program ◽  
Measurement Based Care ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mental Health Programs

Suicide is a major public health problem in the US, specifically among Veterans. The Resilience and Wellness Center (RWC) is an innovative program focused on suicide prevention. The RWC targets vulnerable veterans by augmenting traditional treatments with complementary and integrative health interventions. One critical problem in suicide prevention is lack of engagement in traditional mental health programs, with stigma an oft-cited barrier. The RWC, an alternative paradigm, attempts to break through this barrier by addressing isolation through promoting group camaraderie and accountability, integral to the success of the program. This innovative program provides a unique opportunity to enhance life skills through Whole Health intervention, including: meditation, yoga, music therapy, exercise/dance etc. Specifically, the RWC is a four-week outpatient program, where admission is determined via hospital-wide consults. With a focus on Measurement Based Care, Veterans complete baseline and post-program assessments such as the Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) and scales measuring: depression, hopelessness, sleep quality, and diet &amp; nutrition. Data for 9 cohorts to date demonstrate significant improvements, with large treatment effects as evidenced by reduction in PHQ-9 totals and feelings of depression and hopelessness, especially for Veterans with histories of suicide attempts or ideation. Overall, Veterans found the RWC program experience favorable, with &gt; 98% completing. The RWC can be rapidly deployed in the VHA by drawing on existing hospital services and clinics. According to participants, the RWC engages Veterans in building a partnership to pave the way towards a healthier, more sustainable lifestyle.

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