Increases in Premature Mortality Due to Homicide — United States, 1968-1985

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Martinez-Schnell ◽  
Richard J. Waxweiler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Age At Death

From 1968 to 1985, the rate of homicide in the United States has increased 44%. Its relative impact on premature mortality, as measured by the percentage of years of potential life lost (YPLL) before age 65 from all causes of death due to homicide, has nearly doubled (93% increase). This increase calls attention to the emerging importance of interpersonal violence relative to all public health problems affecting persons under 65 years of age. The percentage of YPLL from all causes of death due to homicide increased in each race/sex group and for both firearm and nonfirearm means of homicide. The increase in homicide YPLL was traced mainly to an increase in the number of homicide deaths and, to a smaller extent, to a decrease in the average age at death of homicide victims.

scholarly journals Epidemiology Workforce Capacity in 27 Large Urban Health Departments in the United States, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
Meghan D. McGinty ◽  
Nancy Binkin ◽  
Jessica Arrazola ◽  
Mia N. Israel ◽  
Chrissie Juliano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Full Time Equivalent ◽  
Workforce Capacity

Objectives: The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) has periodically assessed the epidemiological capacity of states since 2001, but the data do not reflect the total US epidemiology capacity. CSTE partnered with the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC) in 2017 to assess epidemiology capacity in large urban health departments. We described the epidemiology workforce capacity of large urban health departments in the United States and determined gaps in capacity among BCHC health departments. Methods: BCHC, in partnership with CSTE, modified the 2017 State Epidemiology Capacity Assessment for its 30 member departments. Topics in the assessment included epidemiology leadership, staffing, funding, capacity to perform 4 epidemiology-related Essential Public Health Services, salary ranges, hiring requirements, use of competencies, training needs, and job vacancies. Results: The 27 (90%) BCHC-member health departments that completed the assessment employed 1091 full-time equivalent epidemiologists. All or nearly all health departments provided epidemiology services for programs in infectious disease (n = 27), maternal and child health (n = 27), preparedness (n = 27), chronic diseases (n = 25), vital statistics (n = 25), and environmental health (n = 23). On average, funding for epidemiology activities came from local (47%), state (24%), and federal (27%) sources. Health departments reported needing a 40% increase from the current number of epidemiologists to achieve ideal epidemiology capacity. Twenty-five health departments reported substantial-to-full capacity to monitor health problems, 21 to diagnose health problems, 11 to conduct evaluations, and 9 to perform applied research. Conclusions: Strategies to meet 21st century challenges and increase substantial-to-full epidemiological capacity include seeking funds from nongovernmental sources, partnering with schools and programs of public health, and identifying creative solutions to hiring and retaining epidemiologists.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF AGE AND BIOLOGICAL SEX MORTALITY TRENDS BETWEEN ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT DOWN SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S352-S352
Author(s):  
Scott D Landes ◽  
Scott D Landes ◽  
James D Stevens ◽  
Margaret D Turk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Age at death and cause of death comparisons between adults with and without Down syndrome reveal distinct mortality trends that can be utilized to inform preventive care efforts to reduce premature mortality in this population. We compare mean and median age at death, and standardized mortality odds ratios (SMORs) for 20 leading causes of death for 9,564 decedents with and 13,050,319 without Down syndrome in the U.S. between 2012 and 2016. Decedents with Down syndrome, on average, were substantially younger than those without Down syndrome, and were more likely to die from Alzheimer disease and dementia at younger ages. In addition, adults with Down syndrome also had higher risk of choking related deaths. Efforts to reduce premature mortality through public health and preventive care interventions for this population should be cognizant of these increased risk factors, as well as variation in age and biological sex mortality trends.

The Contingent Power of Experts: Public Health Policy in the United States, Britain, and France

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Nathanson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Processes

Dangers to life and health abound. Even among the subset known to medicine and science, however, there is no guarantee that any particular danger will rise to the level of a recognized public health problem or elicit a response from the makers of public policy. The path from knowledge to policy is not straightforward; scientific consensus does not lead automatically to policy consensus. Judgments of what dangers should be most feared, how to explain them, what to do about them, and even whether they are public health problems at all are the outcome of social processes. A couple of examples may help to clarify these points.

Can increases in Twitter posts predict increases in cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the United States? Evidence that social media can inform epidemic surveillance. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyan Sun ◽  
Henna Budhwani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Per Capita

BACKGROUND Though public health systems are responding rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes from publicly available, crowd-sourced big data may assist in helping to identify hot spots, prioritize equipment allocation and staffing, while also informing health policy related to “shelter in place” and social distancing recommendations. OBJECTIVE To assess if the rising state-level prevalence of COVID-19 related posts on Twitter (tweets) is predictive of state-level cumulative COVID-19 incidence after controlling for socio-economic characteristics. METHODS We identified extracted COVID-19 related tweets from January 21st to March 7th (2020) across all 50 states (N = 7,427,057). Tweets were combined with state-level characteristics and confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine the association between public commentary and cumulative incidence. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases varied significantly across states. Ratio of tweet increase (p=0.03), number of physicians per 1,000 population (p=0.01), education attainment (p=0.006), income per capita (p = 0.002), and percentage of adult population (p=0.003) were positively associated with cumulative incidence. Ratio of tweet increase was significantly associated with the logarithmic of cumulative incidence (p=0.06) with a coefficient of 0.26. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the prevalence of state-level tweets was predictive of an increase in COVID-19 diagnoses, providing evidence that Twitter can be a valuable surveillance tool for public health.

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