Meaning-in-Life in Nursing Home Patients: A Validation Study of the Purpose-in-Life Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gørill Haugan ◽  
Unni Karin Moksnes
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Nursing Home Patients ◽  
Purpose In Life Test

Background: The experience of meaning has been found to be a strong individual predictor of life satisfaction and an important psychological variable that promotes well-being. Therefore, a valid and reliable measurement of meaning-in-life among nursing home patients is highly warranted. Aims: This study intended to further investigate (a) the factor structure of the Purpose-in-Life test (PIL), (b) the reliability of PIL scores, and (c) the construct validity of the PIL test in a nursing home population. Methods: Participants were 202 cognitively intact nursing home patients representing 44 different Norwegian nursing homes. Concerning the dimensionality of the PIL, the following 3 measurement models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis; the original 1-factor, a 2-factor, and a 3-factor model. Results: With the exclusion of 10 items, a previously published and supported 2-factor construct for the PIL by Morgan and Farsides (2007) provided a good fit for older nursing home patients, demonstrating good measurement reliability and construct validity. Conclusion: The 2-factor model by Morgan and Farsides, comprising 10 items, is an improvement over the original 20-items PIL, based on these nursing home data. The measure yielded highly significantly factor loadings, good values for average variance extracted and composite reliability, as well as significant correlations in the expected direction for relevant selected measures; all supporting the construct validity.

scholarly journals Does Meaning in Life Predict Psychological Well-Being?: An Analysis Using the Spanish Versions of the Purpose-In-Life Test and the Ryff’s Scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín García-Alandete
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Purpose In Life Test

This paper analyzes the relationship between meaning in life and psychological well-being in a sample of 180 Spanish undergraduates (138 women, 76.7%; 42 men, 23.3%) aged 18-55, M = 22.91, SD = 6.71. Spanish versions of Crumbaugh and Maholic’s Purpose-In-Life Test and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales were used. Analysis included descriptive statistics, the scales were tested for internal consistency, and correlations were analysed with simple linear regression. The results showed a significant relationship between meaning in life and psychological well-being dimensions, in terms of covariance and prediction, especially with global Psychological Well-Being, Self-Acceptation, Environmental Mastery, and Positive Relations. We conclude that the experience of meaning in life is important for psychological well-being.

Meaning and Purpose in Life of Bereaved Parents whose Son Fell during Active Military Service

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Florian
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
Purpose In Life Test

The aim of the present study was to investigate the meaning and purpose of life in fifty-two bereaved parents whose sons fell during active military service two or eleven years after their loss, compared to fifty non-bereaved parents, who served as a control group. Participants individually completed the Purpose-in-Life Test and the Meaning-in-Life Scale. Analysis of the results indicated that both bereaved parents received lower scores on both measures compared to the control group. No significant differences were found between parents whose son fell two or eleven years previous to the study. Clinical implications for treating this “at risk” population are discussed.

scholarly journals Terminal values and meaning in life among university students with varied levels of altruism in the present period of socio-cultural change

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Głaz
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Terminal Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Purpose In Life Test

Abstract The author of this paper, interested in the issues of values preference, meaning in life and altruism among university students has attempted to show a relation between them in the present period of clearly noticeable socio-cultural change. The study was conducted in 2009-2010 in Kraków among university students. The age of the respondents ranged from 21 to 25. 200 sets of correctly completed questionnaires were used for the results analysis. In order to show values preference among university students Rokeach’s ValueSurvey (RVS) was used. The level of a sense of meaning in life was measured by means of Crumbaugh and Maholick’s Purpose in Life Test (PLT). Moreover, Śliwak’s Questionnaire of Altruism (A-N) was applied to measure the level of altruism. It was found that students with a high level of altruism are accompanied by a higher level of meaning in life than students with a low level thereof. Terminal values significantly correlate with meaning in life in groups of students with a high and low level of altruism. Among terminal values, values personal in character appear to be more strongly related to meaning in life than values social in character.

Conversion Experience, Belief System, and Personal and Ethical Attitudes

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Paloutzian ◽  
Steven L. Jackson ◽  
James E. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Conversion Experience ◽  
Born Again ◽  
Purpose In Life Test

Two studies assessed the relation between type of religious belief system (“ethical” vs. “born again” Christianity), type of conversion experience (sudden vs. gradual vs. unconscious), and four attitudinal dependent variables: the Purpose in Life Test, Social Interest Scale, Religious Orientation Scale, and Dogmatism. In Study 1, 84 college students served as subjects. In Study 2, 177 adults of varying ages served as subjects. The same basic pattern of results was obtained for the two studies. Born again Christians were significantly more intrinsically motivated in their religious beliefs and higher in social interest than ethical Christians. Sudden converts were significantly more intrinsic in religious orientation than unconscious converts. Professed Christians scored significantly higher on the Purpose in Life Test and Social Interest Scale than professed non-Christians. The findings suggest that it is useful to classify Christians according to type of belief and type of conversion experience. A deep religious commitment seemed to be accompanied by a sense of meaning in life, greater concern for the welfare of others, and a more dogmatic way of thinking.

Purpose in Life as a Function of Religious versus Secular Beliefs

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Weinstein ◽  
Anton De Man ◽  
Linda Almaguer
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Meaningful Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dominican Sisters ◽  
Purpose In Life Test

Scores of 20 Catholic and 25 Mennonite students on the Purpose-in-Life Test were not significantly different. When scores of Mennonite subjects were compared with those of Dominican Sisters, Protestants, Recent Converts, and Seculars, the Mennorutes' scores indicated significantly less meaning in life than each of the other groups. Further comparisons among the various groups identified a significant difference between the Dominican Sisters and the Catholic students. The findings are discussed in terms of the prevailing evidence that religious belief strengthens the conviction to live a full, meaningful life.

scholarly journals PERANAN MEDICAL MINISTRY DALAM MENINGKATKAN MAKNA HIDUP (MEANING IN LIFE) PADA INDIVIDU DENGAN DISABILITAS FISIK KARENA KECELAKAAN (STUDI DI PANTI SOSIAL X)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ade Lestari ◽  
Samsunuwijati Mar’at ◽  
Sandi Kartasasmita
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Purpose In Life Test

Disabilitas yang disebabkan kecelakaan diyakini dapat memberikan pengalaman negatif bagi individu yang mengalaminya, berupa hilangnya semangat, rasa tidak berharga, bahkan keinginan untuk mengakhiri hidupnya di dunia. Namun dengan kondisi serupa, ditemukan ada contoh individu disabilitas yang tetap produktif, bahkan berprestasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran apakah makna hidup menjadi kunci utama yang menyebabkan respon berbeda pada individu disabilitas. Menggunakan pendekatan medical ministry, individu disabilitas dibimbing untuk dapat menghayati pengalaman tragis yang tidak terhindarkan ini dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan mengambil sikap (attitudinal value) dan proses transedensi diri yang merupakan ciri khas dari penerapan metode medical ministry. Transedensi diri merupakan kemampuan untuk menyadari dan menilai keadaan “masa lalu dan saat ini”, untuk kemudian mengaitkannya dengan sesuatu yang bermakna di “luar dirinya dan di masa depan”. Desain penelitian menggunakan kuasi-eksperimen dengan tipe one group design dan mixmethod. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan tanpa memiliki probabilitas yang sama, melibatkan dua pria dan satu wanita, dengan kisaran usia 25-53 tahun, yang terdaftar sebagai Warga Binaan Sosial (WBS) di Panti Sosial Bina Daksa (PSBD) X yang berlokasi di Cengkareng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan 20-40 skor makna hidup yang diukur menggunakan Purpose in Life Test, dan seluruh subyek melaporkan perubahan perasaan positif, berupa rasa semangat menjalani kehidupannya, menilai diri berharga, dan keinginan mengembangkan diri untuk menjadi produktif

Purpose-in-Life Test: Comparison of the Main Models in Patients with Mental Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín García-Alandete ◽  
José H. Marco ◽  
Sandra Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Purpose In Life Test ◽  
Unidimensional Scale

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the main proposed models for the Purpose-In-Life Test, a scale for assessing meaning in life, in 229 Spanish patients with mental disorders (195 females and 34 males, aged 13–68, M = 34.43, SD = 12.19). Confirmatory factor-analytic procedures showed that the original model of the Purpose-In-Life Test, a 20-item unidimensional scale, obtained a better fit than the other analyzed models, SBχ2(df) = 326.27(170), SBχ2/df = 1.92, TLI = .93, CFI = .94, IFI = .94, RMSEA = .063 (90% CI [.053, .074]), CAIC = –767.46, as well as a high internal consistency, (α = .90). The main conclusion is that the original version of the Purpose-In-Life shows a robust construct validity in a clinical population. However, authors recommend an in-depth psychometric analysis of the Purpose-In-Life Test among clinical population. Likewise, the importance of assessing meaning in life in order to enhance psychotherapeutic treatment is noted.

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