Partner Abuse Worldwide

Partner Abuse ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Eugenio Esquivel-Santoveña ◽  
Teri L. Lambert ◽  
John Hamel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
The World ◽  
Crimes Against Women

Research on partner abuse has lagged in much of the world where attention has been on other problems (such as famine and war) and other crimes against women (e.g., honor killings, genital mutilation). We conducted a sweeping review of scholarly articles published in peer-reviewed journals and by government agencies outside of the United States and English-speaking developed nations that provided quantitative data on physical, psychological, and sexual abuse of intimate partners as well as consequences, risk factors, and attitudes. One hundred sixty-two articles reporting on more than 200 studies in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and Europe met the inclusion criteria from various types of samples. Most of the studies reported on female victimization only, but 73 reported on both male and female victimization.We also conducted an analysis of data from our literature review, including 1 major cross-national study, to determine the relationship among prevalence of abuse, social factors, and women’s empowerment. Results indicate that partner abuse is a widespread problem around the world, with multiple causes. Overall prevalence of abuse is higher in Third World countries compared to the United States, and rates for physical and psychological abuse are comparable across gender in most countries when all types of samples are considered. No significant association was found between rates of partner violence (PV) and a nation’s level of human development. However, a significant relationship was found between a nation’s level of gender empowerment and rates of PV by both males and females but only for university dating samples from the International Dating Violence Study (IDVS). In addition, an analysis of the IDVS indicates that efforts by 1 partner to dominate the other are positively correlated with physical abuse perpetration for women, but not for men. Among the limitations of this review was the relatively few numbers of large population studies that ask about both male and female perpetration and victimization and the consequences and context of PV. Implications of the findings include the need for a broader conceptualization of PV as not merely a gender problem but also (and perhaps primarily) a human problem.

Editorial: Research and the School or Educational Psychologist

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
L.F. Lowenstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
School Psychologist ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Educational Psychologist ◽  
The World ◽  
University Services ◽  
Different Parts

The terms ‘school psychologist’ and ‘educational psychologist’ will be used interchangeably, and in most instances the term ‘psychologist’ will refer to both male and female. There is obviously some difference in the use of the terms and in the functions of the educational psychologist and the school psychologist in different parts of the world. For example, in the United States, ‘educational psychologist’ is rarely used for those psychologists who are attached to non-university services and are regular visitors to schools and who carry out the day-to-day work of helping children attending schools. Instead, school psychologists in the United States carry out the function of advising teachers, testing or dealing with the educational or psychological problems of children in the classroom and doing other practical work.

Family and Community Approaches to Intimate Partner Violence: Restorative Programs in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780122094503
Author(s):  
Joan Pennell ◽  
Gale Burford ◽  
Erika Sasson ◽  
Hillary Packer ◽  
Emily L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
National Study ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
Family Separation

Now is the time to rethink reliance on legal intervention to end intimate partner violence (IPV). Arrest, incarceration, and family separation have fallen disproportionately on people who are Black or Brown, impoverished, or immigrant, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ). Restorative approaches bring together the persons harmed, persons causing harm, their family or community networks, or combinations of these stakeholders. Based on a U.S. national study, this article examines: What influences programs to adopt a restorative approach to ending IPV? How do programs safeguard their original vision for social change? What principles guide the programs in carrying out their work in safe and productive ways?

Re(Dis)Covering and Recreating the Cultural Milieu of Margaret Garner

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delores M. Walters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Cultural Milieu ◽  
The World

This introductory chapter focuses on Margaret Garner's story. In 1856, Garner killed her two-year-old daughter and attempted to kill her other three children rather than see them returned to slavery. Her act of infanticide represents the most drastic and extreme form of woman-centered resistance to the brutality of slavery. As such, Garner's desperate solution to “save” her children continues to capture people's interest. Her story symbolizes the impossible choices that were forced upon African Americans burdened by the institution of slavery. It is also relevant to present-day women's resistance to intimate partner violence. Indeed, the theme of women and violence is a continuing reality in the United States and the world.

Women and Religion

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-59
Author(s):  
Joan Wallach Scott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
The World

This chapter looks at the ways by which women in Western Europe, Britain, and the United States were associated with religion. It addresses the fact that the discourse of secularism, despite its promise of universal equality, made women's difference the ground for their exclusion from citizenship and public life more generally. However, the chapter suggests that it was not because religious ideas about women were left in place. Instead, the apostles of secularism, in France and elsewhere, offered what they took to be entirely new explanations for women's difference from men, rooting them in human nature and biology rather than divine law. Gender difference was inscribed in a schematic description of the world as divided into separate spheres, public and private, male and female. In fact, in this context the association of women with religion was not a relic of past practice but an invention of the discourse of secularism itself.

Target Congruence as a Means of Understanding Risk of Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparison of Male and Female College Students in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (13) ◽  
pp. 1823-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Elvey ◽  
Susan McNeeley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Intimate Partner Violence

This study examines the effects of routine activities and target congruence—or the extent to which an individual’s characteristics match up with offenders’ needs, motives, or reactivities—on intimate partner violence. We also examine whether the effect of target congruence is moderated by gender. Using a nationwide sample of more than 74,000 students from 129 universities across the United States, the results show that indicators of target antagonism, target gratifiability, and target vulnerability are associated with risk of physical and sexual intimate partner violence and that the importance of specific risk factors varies by gender. The results highlight the importance of target congruence in understanding victimization, and provide information that can direct policies to prevent intimate partner violence on college campuses.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Sandra Ramos Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-54
Author(s):  
Silvia Spitta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The Rich

Sandra Ramos (b. 1969) is one of the few artists to reflect critically on both sides of the Cuban di-lemma, fully embodying the etymological origins of the word in ancient Greek: di-, meaning twice, and lemma, denoting a form of argument involving a choice between equally unfavorable alternatives. Throughout her works she shines a light on the dilemmas faced by Cubans whether in Cuba or the United States, underlining the bad personal and political choices people face in both countries. During the hard 1990s, while still in Havana, the artist focused on the traumatic one-way journey into exile by thousands, as well as the experience of profound abandonment experienced by those who were left behind on the island. Today she lives in Miami and operates a studio there as well as one in Havana. Her initial disorientation in the USA has morphed into an acerbic representation and critique of the current administration and a deep concern with the environmental collapse we face. A buffoonlike Trumpito has joined el Bobo de Abela and Liborio in her gallery of comic characters derived from the rich Cuban graphic arts tradition where she was formed. While Cuba is now represented as a rotten cake with menacing flies hovering over it ready to pounce, a bombastic Trumpito marches across the world stage, trampling everything underfoot, a dollar sign for a face.

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