scholarly journals Jealous of Mom? Interactions Between Infants and Adult Males during the Mating Season in Wild Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri collinsi)

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Luana V. P. Ruivo ◽  
Anita I. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season

scholarly journals Age of maturation and behavioral tactics in male yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus during mating season

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina A. Vasilieva ◽  
Ekaterina V. Pavlova ◽  
Sergey V. Naidenko ◽  
Andrey V. Tchabovsky
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Good Physical Condition

Abstract Life-history theory predicts that in hibernators age of maturation is related positively to body size and negatively to the duration of active season aboveground. Yellow souslik is a large-sized ground squirrel with long hibernation, which suggests late maturation. We used four-year field observations of marked individuals to determine the age of maturation in males through analysis of age-dependent variation in body size, mass, androgen status, timing of spring emergence, ranging patterns and social behavior during the mating season. Yearling males were smaller, lighter, had lower level of fecal testosterone, emerged later and had smaller home ranges than older males. Social activity and the number of females encountered did not differ between age classes. After the second hibernation none of the studied parameters varied with age. Cluster analysis revealed two behavioral tactics: “active” males (adults only) emerged earlier, ranged more widely, initiated more contacts, encountered more females and were heavier than “passive” males (both yearling and adult). Thus, males of S. fulvus reached adult size and matured after two hibernations, which is relatively fast for such a big species with short active period. Indirect evidence for copulations and high variation among yearlings in all parameters suggest that some of them might successfully compete with adults. Active tactic of wandering and searching for females is energetically costly, and probably only adult males in good physical condition can afford it, whereas passive tactic of residing is energy saving and good for adults in poor condition and for yearlings that are continuing to grow.

Sex or power? The function of male displays in rhesus macaques

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista M. Milich ◽  
Dario Maestripieri
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Male Display ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Male Displays ◽  
Free Ranging

Male behavioral displays (e.g., branch-shaking) are common across Anthropoidea, but their function remains unclear. We examined free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, to test three major hypotheses for the function of male displays: (1) mate attraction, (2) mate guarding and (3) male–male dominance competition. Focal and ad libitum behavioural data were recorded for 21 adult males across 9 groups during the mating season. Display rates were calculated for each male in each context (i.e., agonistic, mating). In stable groups, males with high mating success displayed more during consortships than in other contexts and displays were more likely to follow than to precede copulation, whereas males in unstable groups were more likely to displays in agonistic contexts. These results suggest that mate guarding and male–male dominance competition are the primary functions of male display behaviours in rhesus macaques.

Spatial Organisation of Urban Feral Cats (Felis Catus) in Jerusalem.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Mirmovitch
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Young Males

Feral cats were studied for 10 months in a residential area in Jerusalem and their spatial distribution compared during two 1-month periods, the first in the autumn prior to the mating season and the second during the mating season (winter). Cat locations were recorded by direct observations, and home-range sizes were calculated with the minimum convex polygon method. No significant change in home-range size of adult males or females was found between the 2 periods. Young males expanded their home ranges considerably during their first mating season. Home ranges of males were significantly larger than those of females in both periods (0.56 and 0.30 ha, respectively, in autumn; 0.75 and 0.27 ha in winter). The home ranges of both sexes overlapped considerably with individuals of the same sex. Overlap among home ranges of females indicated a group pattern. High overlap (80%) was found among females that fed from the same set of garbage bins with similar frequency. Lower overlap (20%) was found between individual females that shared only a subset of their food resources and used it with different frequency. It is suggested that the distribution of food patches (garbage bins), the amount of food available and the rate of food renewal determined the cats' spatial organisation.

Rhesus Monkeys: Mating Season Mobility of Adult Males

Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 166 (3909) ◽  
pp. 1176-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Lindburg
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season

scholarly journals Activity patterns in the reintroduced Pyrenean brown bear population

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
Aida Parres ◽  
Santiago Palazón ◽  
Ivan Afonso ◽  
Pierre-Yves Quenette ◽  
Antoni Batet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Selection

Abstract Mammals usually adjust behavioral patterns when exposed to disturbances. Elusiveness and low-risk time selection may reduce their stress in periods of highest risk. In Europe, brown bears (Ursus arctos) coexist with humans in densely populated and modified landscapes and, consequently, are exposed to human-caused disturbances during the daytime hours. Furthermore, intraspecific interactions might also influence their behavioral responses, especially during the mating season. Activity patterns of several large carnivores have been thoroughly studied; however, research is scarce for relocated populations. Here, we report the activity patterns in the reintroduced brown bear population in the Pyrenees. We expected the bears to reduce their activity depending on the type and level of disturbances. We analyzed individual behavior of both sexes (males, solitary females, and females with offspring) and age groups (adults and subadults) using camera-trap surveys under different types of intraspecific and anthropogenic disturbances. In general, bears were more active during the night (2200–0600 h) and avoided peaks of human activity (1000–1800 h). Furthermore, with the increasing nocturnal disturbance of adult males during the mating season, females with offspring and subadults were more active during daylight. This suggests that vulnerable individuals showed high tolerance for human presence. These results contribute to improve our knowledge of how a threatened and relocated bear population behaves in a human-modified landscape of southern Europe. Further research on this population will be crucial to establish optimal management interventions during translocations, and the prevention of human-bear encounters and conflicts.

In-air and underwater vocalizations of eastern Canadian harbour seals, Phoca vitulina

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie M Van Parijs ◽  
Kit M Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
The World ◽  
Pinniped Species ◽  
Vocalization Type

Harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, have long been thought to be one of the least vocal pinniped species both in air and under water. However, recent studies have shown that males use underwater vocalizations intensively during the mating season. In air, harbour seals are still thought to be relatively silent. In this study we describe the vocal repertoire of Eastern Canadian harbour seals during the breeding season. Harbour seals from this area produced seven vocalization types in air and one vocalization type under water. In-air vocalizations are predominantly used by adult males during agonistic interactions. Other sex and age classes also vocalize, but less frequently. Nearest neighbour responses to in-air vocalizations were primarily agonistic when any age or sex class vocalized. In this study, seals produced an underwater roar vocalization closely resembling that produced by adult males during the mating season at other sites. Eastern Canadian harbour seals appear to be considerably more vocal when hauled out than is the norm for this species at other sites around the world.

scholarly journals Crayfish: A Culture Species for Freshwater Bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Jha ◽  
Haig Babikian ◽  
Song Zeng Fu ◽  
Kristina . ◽  
Sarayut Srisombat
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Carp Fish

Crayfish, commonly known as freshwater lobster, have been scientifically distributed in three genuses, which are as follows: - Cumberfish, Oronectes and Phalisaberus. Crayfish breeding and rearing techniques in China and some Adapted and practiced in South-East Asian countries. The proper ratio of broodstock female and male is 3: 1. Adult males are comparatively larger than females. The mating season of crayfish is usually from May to September. Larvae are stored in cultured ponds. Crayfish are cultivated in paddy fields with carp fish or eel fish in lotus and polyculture. The size of crayfish transported to the market is 20–60h in a period of 3 to 7 months, and is sold alive in most markets. Productivity varies from 750h to 3,000h per ha depending on the type of farming. It is possible that the farmer can earn up to 7000 to 14,000 rupees per day.

scholarly journals Microbiome of the sexual scent organ of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osiris Gaona ◽  
Daniel Cerqueda-García ◽  
Daniel Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Andrés Moya ◽  
Luisa I. Falcón
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
Leptonycteris Yerbabuenae

Microorganisms are tightly bounded to the animals on Earth. Bacteria, among other types of microbes, interact with their hosts in several ways regarding metabolic pathways, development, complex behavioral processes such as mate recognition, among others. The adult males of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, a nectarivorous bat, develop an interscapular odoriferous patch during the mating season. Here we present a description of the microbiota associated to this sebaceous patch 11 adult males, and studied it in terms of their taxonomical information. The variability between samples was not relevant to this study, and the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with dominanting classes including Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia and Bacilli. The two most abundant species were Aggregatibacter pneumotropica and Actinomyces europaeus and other Streptococcus minor, Pseudomonas stutzeri, P. viridiflava and Staphylococcus epidermis, which are relevant in both normal and wounded human skin. Furthermore, the species present in this mating organ are involved in metabolic pathways related to fatty acid transformation to volatile molecules, which could be playing a key role in mate recognition.

Quantitative Observation of Behavior in Free-Ranging Macaca Mulatta: Methodology and Aggression

Behaviour ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 209-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C. Drickamer
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Behavioral Interactions ◽  
Field Note ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractQuantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used to assess patterns of aggressive interaction in rhesus macaques. Four social bands were observed for 488 hours over a twelve-month period using standardized observation techniques and behaviors and recording data on monkeys in both feeding and non-feeding contexts. The numbers of monkeys present within the prescribed observation areas, the frequencies of three aggressive behaviors and the occurrence of open wounds were recorded for three age-sex classes; adult males, adult females and juveniles. The data revealed that more monkeys were present in the observation areas during the mating season, that levels of aggression varied inversely with group size, smaller groups exhibited higher levels of aggression and that male and female aggression was higher during the mating season, while juvenile agonistic interactions reached a peak during the weaning and birth periods. There were 46% more aggressive acts in the feeding than in the non-feeding context but the seasonal and group patterns were nearly identical between the two contexts. Arguments were presented supporting the use of the interactions/hour/ possible interacting combination of monkeys as a dependent variable; the data from this study and comparisons with other reports indicate that this is a logical variable to use. Lastly, several methodological tests demonstrated that there are potential biases in the use of the traditional field-note method of data collection; only a small percentage of the total behavioral interactions are recorded with the field-note technique and there is a tendency to record a disproportionately greater number of interactions initiated by larger adult monkeys. These disadvantages of the field-note method must be weighed against the need for individual identification.

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