Alveolar Bone Loss in Patients with Long-Term Supportive Care

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of regular and constant long-term alcohol consumption on the percentage of the remaining periodontal bone support (PBS) and periodontal bone loss (PBL) in adult rats. Material and Methods: Fifty-four (54) rats were divided into 3 groups: Control (daily water intake, n=18) daily alcohol intake (20% ethanol, n=18) and social alcohol intake (20% ethanol 2x a week, n=18). The rats were treated with continuous free-choice access to both ethanol consumption frequencies. They were euthanized after 90 days and their left mandibles were radiographed for PBS measuring. The same left mandibles were defleshed and stained. The PBL was morphometrically assessed by measuring the distance between cement-enamel junction and alveolar bone crest. Results: Did not show difference (p > 0.05) in the amount of consumed alcohol between the social and daily intake groups. Rats also evidenced lower PBS percentage and higher PBL (p<0.05) in both alcohol consumption groups in comparison to the control. Conclusion: The long-term constant and regular same amount alcohol consumption may cause alveolar bone loss and reduce the remaining periodontal bone support in adult rats. Thus, the alveolar bone loss was associated with the amount of consumed alcohol, rather than with periodicity in periodontitis-free rats.KeywordsAlveolar Bone Loss; Alcoholism; Ethanol; Periodontal Disease; X-ray.

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Inhibition of RANKL and Sema4d Improves Residual Ridge Resorption in Mice.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1209410/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Meri Hisamoto ◽

Shunsuke Kimura ◽

Kai Iwata ◽

Toshihiko Iwanaga ◽

Atsuro Yokoyama

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Period Gene ◽

Semaphorin 4D ◽

Long Time ◽

Extraction Model

Abstract Residual ridge resorption (RRR) is a chronic and progressive bone resorption following tooth loss. It causes deterioration of the oral environments and leads to the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and risk factors for RRR progression are still unclear and controversial. In this study, we developed a tooth extraction model using mice for analyzing long-term morphological and gene expression changes in the alveolar bone. We further applied ovariectomy to this model to elucidate the effects of osteoporosis on RRR progression. As a result, the alveolar bone loss was biphasic and consisted of rapid loss in the early stages and subsequently slow and sustained bone loss over a long period. Gene expression analysis indicated that ovariectomy increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the alveolar bone and prolonged the activation of osteoclasts same as histological analysis. Furthermore, the expressions of Tnfsf11 and Sema4d kept increasing for a long time in OVX mice. Administration of neutralization antibodies for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) effectively suppressed RRR. Similarly, inhibition of Semaphorin 4d (Sema4d) also improved alveolar bone loss. This study demonstrated that osteoporosis is a risk factor for RRR and that RANKL and Sema4d suppression are potential treatments.

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Metacarpal Cortical Bone Area Predicts Tooth Loss in Men

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/2380084416668155 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 179-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E.K. Kaye ◽

P. Vokonas ◽

R.I. Garcia

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Metacarpal Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Bone Area ◽

Number Of Teeth

The relationship between bone mineral density and tooth loss in men is unclear. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine if relative metacarpal bone area (MCA) predicts tooth loss in a cohort of 273 male participants in the Dental Longitudinal Study and Normative Aging Study of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Outer and inner cortical bone widths of the middle metacarpal of the nondominant hand were measured on anteroposterior hand radiographs approximately 11 y apart. Baseline MCA was computed and categorized into quartiles. The men were followed from 1971 to 2015. Incident tooth loss during 2 intervals was examined: concurrent with the MCA measurements and long term over the total follow-up (17 ± 7 y). Radiographic alveolar bone loss (ABL) was measured on periapical radiographs as a percentage of the distance from the cementoenamel junction to root apex, and the number of teeth with ABL >40% was computed. Negative binomial generalized linear regression models estimated the mean number of teeth with ABL >40% and the number lost (concurrent and total), controlling for age, smoking, number of teeth at baseline, percentage teeth with ≥1 decayed/filled surface, and years of follow-up. At baseline, MCA was inversely related to number of teeth with >40% ABL. Men in the lowest MCA quartile (Q1) lost the most teeth, both concurrent with MCA measurements and long term, but the association differed by caries level (≤55% or >55% decayed/filled teeth). At the low caries level, the numbers lost in Q1 were 29% greater than in the highest MCA quartile (Q4). At the high caries level, the numbers lost in Q1 were more than twice those in Q4. Associations were attenuated when further controlled for number of teeth with ABL>40%. These findings suggest that systemic bone status plays a role in tooth loss and that the association may be mediated by alveolar bone loss. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Low relative metacarpal bone area was related to loss of alveolar bone and incident tooth loss in men. This information extends previous research, primarily studies of women, showing that osteoporosis adversely affects oral health. Knowledge of a patient’s systemic bone status may be important for managing his or her periodontal disease. Tooth loss in the absence of periodontal inflammation may signify systemic bone loss. Interprofessional communication is central to maintaining optimal oral and bone health.

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Long-term Observation for Space Closing of Maxillary Incisors with Severe Alveolar Bone Loss by Fixed Minor Tooth Movement Appliance. A Case Report.

Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) ◽

10.2329/perio.41.52 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 52-59

Author(s):

Masafumi Shiraki ◽

Tsuneo Ishihara ◽

Hiroshi Iwanaga ◽

Shingo Nagasawa ◽

Yukio Iwayama

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Maxillary Incisors ◽

Long Term Observation

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EFFECTS OF ALENDRONATE THERAPY ON CYCLOSPORINE INDUCED ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS : A MORPHO-METRIC AND BIO-CHEMICAL STUDY IN RATS

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/193 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 947-955

Author(s):

Sneha R Bhat ◽

◽

Aravind R Kudva ◽

Dhoom S Mehta ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Chemical Study ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss

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3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid attenuates ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871523019666200206094335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Ozkan Karatas ◽

Fikret Gevrek

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Collagenase Activity ◽

Osteoblastic Activity ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Experimental Periodontitis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, which is also known as gallic acid, is an anti-inflammatory agent who could provide beneficial effects in preventing periodontal inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid on experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats. Alveolar bone loss, osteoclastic activity, osteoblastic activity, and collagenase activity were also determined. Methods: 32 Wistar rats were used in the present study. Study groups were created as following: Healthy control (C,n=8) group; periodontitis (P,n=8) group; periodontitis and 30 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G30,n=8); periodontitis and 60 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G60,n=8). Experimental periodontitis was created by placing 4-0 silk sutures around the mandibular right first molar tooth. Morphological changes in alveolar bone were determined by stereomicroscopic evaluation. Mandibles were undergone histological evaluation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expressions, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclast cells, osteoblast, and inflammatory cell counts were determined. Results: Highest alveolar bone loss was observed in the periodontitis group. Both doses of gallic acid decreased alveolar bone loss compared to the P group. TRAP-positive osteoclast cell counts were higher in the P group, and gallic acid successfully lowered these counts. Osteoblast cells also increased in gallic acid administered groups. Inflammation in the P group was also higher than those of C, G30, and G60 groups supporting the role of gallic acid in preventing inflammation. 30 and 60 mg/kg doses of gallic acid decreased MMP-8 levels and increased TIMP-1 levels. BMP levels increased in gallic acid administered groups, similar to several osteoblasts. Conclusion: Present results revealed an anti-inflammatory effect of gallic acid, which was indicated by decreased alveolar bone loss and collagenase activity and increased osteoblastic activity.

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Gram-positive bacteria cell wall-derived lipoteichoic acid induces inflammatory alveolar bone loss through prostaglandin E production in osteoblasts

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92744-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsukasa Tominari ◽

Ayumi Sanada ◽

Ryota Ichimaru ◽

Chiho Matsumoto ◽

Michiko Hirata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with severe alveolar bone loss and is dominantly induced by lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria; however, the role of Gram-positive bacteria in periodontal bone resorption remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell-wall factor of Gram-positive bacteria, on the progression of inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a model of periodontitis. In coculture of mouse primary osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, LTA induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. LTA enhanced the production of PGE2 accompanying the upregulation of the mRNA expression of mPGES-1, COX-2 and RANKL in osteoblasts. The addition of indomethacin effectively blocked the LTA-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the production of PGE2. Using ex vivo organ cultures of mouse alveolar bone, we found that LTA induced alveolar bone resorption and that this was suppressed by indomethacin. In an experimental model of periodontitis, LTA was locally injected into the mouse lower gingiva, and we clearly detected alveolar bone destruction using 3D-μCT. We herein demonstrate a new concept indicating that Gram-positive bacteria in addition to Gram-negative bacteria are associated with the progression of periodontal bone loss.

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