scholarly journals Evaluation of processed rubber seed oil Hevea brasiliensis utilization as lipid source in Clarias gariepinus feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Nuraini Annisa ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Mia Setiawati ◽  
Ichsan Ahmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Lipid Source

ABSTRACT   Clarias gariepinus rearing is mostly done with intensive systems that use a lot of commercial feed. The price of raw material for the feed lipid source which is currently the main source of fatty acids in freshwater fish feed continues to increase and compete with human needs. Rubber seed oil (RSO) is considered feasible to be an alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the use of heated RSO as alternative lipid source in C gariepinus feed. The results of this study indicated that heating could reduce HCN levels in RSO by 95%. Even after heated RSO was inserted into the feed formulation there is still HCN in feed, however it did not affect the survival rate of C. gariepinus statistically. Heated RSO based feed shows a specific growth rate that was higher than non-heating RSO-based feed. Feeding with heated RSO also did not affect nutrient retention in C. gariepinus. This also followed by blood profile, blood chemistry and body fatty acids profile, MDA levels and SOD levels which were almost same as treatment feed using fish oil and corn oil. From these results, it can be concluded that heating can reduce 95% HCN content in RSO and can be used as a lipid source in C. gariepinus feed.   Keywords: Aquaculture, essential fatty acids, growth performance, HCN, rubber seed oil.   ABSTRAK   Budidaya ikan lele Clarias gariepinus  dengan sistem intensif menggunakan banyak pakan buatan. Harga bahan baku untuk sumber lemak pakan terus meningkat dan bersaing dengan kebutuhan manusia. Minyak biji karet (MBK) layak menjadi alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan MBK yang dipanaskan sebagai sumber lemak alternatif dalam pakan ikan lele. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses pemanasan dapat mengurangi kadar HCN pada MBK hingga 95%. Walaupun masih terdapat sejumlah kecil HCN pada pakan berbasis MBK yang dipanaskan, tetapi tidak memengaruhi tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele (p>0,05). Pakan berbasis MBK proses pemanasan menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik yang lebih tinggi dari pakan berbasis MBK yang tidak dipanaskan. Pemberian pakan berbasis MBK proses pemanasan juga tidak memengaruhi retensi nutrisi ikan lele. Demikian pula parameter profil darah, kimia darah, profil asam lemak tubuh, kadar MDA dan kadar SOD hampir sama dengan pakan perlakuan berbasis minyak ikan dan minyak jagung. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan MBK proses pemanasan dapat mengurangi 95% kandungan HCN dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber lemak dalam pakan ikan lele.   Kata kunci: Akuakultur, asam lemak esensial, HCN, kinerja pertumbuhan, minyak biji karet.  

Evaluation of rubber seed oil as lipid source in red tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andika Gumilang Kushayadi ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
Ichsan Achmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Lipid Source

Biodiesel Production From Crude Rubber Seed Oil Using Supercritical Methanol Transesterification

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakun Sawiwat ◽  
Somjai Kajorncheappunngam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Synthesis of biodiesel from rubber seed oil using a supercritical methanol was investigated under various reaction conditions (220 - 300°C, 80 - 180 bar) with reaction time of 1-15 min and oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:20 - 1:60. Free fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Most properties of produced biodiesel were in good agreement with biodiesel standard (EN 14214). The maximum FAME yield of 86.90% was obtained at 260°C, 160 bar, 5 min reaction time using oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:40. The result showed the acid value of rubber seed oil decreased to 0.58 mgKOH/g from initial 24 mgKOH/g to. It could be concluded from this findings that crude rubber seed oil is a promising alternative raw material for biodiesel synthesis via supercritical methanol tranesterification.

scholarly journals Extraction of rubber (hevea brasiliensis) seed oil using soxhlet method

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Mohd-Setapar ◽  
Lee Nian-Yian ◽  
N.S. Mohd-Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

Soxhlet extraction which is also known as solvent extraction refers to the preferential dissolution of oil by contacting oilseeds with a liquid solvent. This is the most efficient method to recover oil from oilseeds, thus solvent extraction using hexane has been commercialized as a standard practice in today’s industry. In this study, soxhlet extraction had been used to extract the rubber seed oil which contains high percentage of alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, the different solvents will be used for the extraction of rubber seed oil such as petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethanol and water to study the best solvent to extract the rubber seed oil so the maximum oil yield can be obtained. On the other hands, the natural resource, rubber belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, the genus is Hevea while the species of rubber is brasiliensis. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seeds are abundant and wasted because they had not been used in any industry or applications in daily life. The oil of rubber seeds had been found that contained a significant percentage of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Alpha-linolenic acid is one of the important elements of omega-3 fatty acids which play important roles in human metabolism, not only playing structural roles in phospholipid bilayers but also acting as precursors to bioactive molecules. Moreover, rubber seed oil also contains a high percentage of oleic acid and linoleic acid, these all are valuable compounds. Thus, rubber seed oil can be regarded as a plant derived oleic-linolenic acid. Rubber seeds can be considered as good sources for human food, animal feed and biofuel with its high content of fat, protein, amino acids and fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to study the method of extraction to extract the valuable components from rubber seeds, purify the extracted seed oil, so that the rubber seeds oil can be utilized into difference industries pharmaceutical, food, oleochemical and cosmetics.

Preparation of Biodiesel from Crude Rubber Seed Oil by Alkaline Transesterification

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Yan Lin Sun ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Optimum Technique ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

Abstract: This paper is focused on the preparation of biodiesel from crude rubber seed oil with high free fatty acids (FFA) content. The rubber seeds were collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province. Two-step synthesis was selected to obtain the product, that is, acid catalyzed esterification was carried out first to decrease the FFA content, then methyl esters of fatty acids can be formed by alkaline transesterification. The reaction conditions of alkaline transesterification were investigated. The results show that the optimum technique is to carry out the reaction at 60°C for 1.5h, with the methanol-to-oil molar ratio 6:1, the catalyst amount 1.0% (g NaOH/ g oil). The yield can reach 75%. GC analysis shows the content of methyl esters of fatty acids is 82.29%. Some properties of biodiesel prepared are also presented.

Composition Analysis of Fatty Acids and Phytosterols in Rubber Seed Oil from Yunnan

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Liu Yun ◽  
Fan Fang-Yu ◽  
Zhu Yi-Xin ◽  
Wang Yun-Xiang ◽  
Lv Zhao-lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Development And Utilization

Crude and refined rubber seed oil (RSO) produced from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province was analyzed. After methylation and saponification, the contents of fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that both the crude and refined RSOs contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols. Four unsaturated fatty acid contents of 83.56% and 83.25% are found in both crude and refined RSOs, respectively. Six to seven types of phytosterols are found in both crude and refined RSOs. The contents of β-sitosterol are 12.13 and 11.22 mg/g in crude and refined RSO, respectively. This study provided fundamental instruction on the research, development, and utilization of RSO.

scholarly journals Influence the Rubber Seed Type and Altitude on Characteristic of Seed, Oil and Biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Salni Salni ◽  
Poedji Loekitowati Hariani ◽  
Hanifa Marisa Hanifa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Seed Type ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

This research studies the influence of the type of rubber seed that is superior and local, altitude plant in South Sumatra province to the characteristic of seed, oil and biodiesel (methyl ester). Rubber plants planted from local rubber seed by seeds seedlings and superior rubber seed by selected clones. In the study, rubber plants planted at a different altitude, namely in Banyuasin district (18 m above sea level), Prabumulih District (176 m above sea level) and Lahat District (627 m above sea level). The results showed that the weight of the flour, the water content and ash content in the local rubber seeds larger than the superior rubber seed for all altitude, but oil content a large in the superior rubber seeds. The major of fatty acids in the rubber seed oil in all types and altitude are a linoleic acid with a different percentage except local rubber seed oil from Lahat district with the large percentage of octadecanoic acid. Free fatty acids in the oil from the superior seeds rubber of 13.897-15.494 % large than local rubber seed oil was found 9.786-10.399 % for all altitude. By esterification process using sulfuric acid catalyst, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) can be reduced to ≤ 2 %. The methyl ester made from the transesterification process of rubber seed oil after esterification using methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Analysis of methyl esters includes cetane index, flash point, kinematic viscosity, carbon residue, density, moisture content, water and sediment content and distillation compared with SNI 7182 and ASTM 6751-02.  The result indicated that the quality of methyl ester from superior rubber seed oil in the Banyuasin and Prabumulih district better than another methyl ester. The types of rubber seed altitude affect the characteristics of the seed, oil and methyl ester  but the altitude are not significantly different.Keywords: rubber seed, type, altitude, oil, biodieselArticle History: Received March 21st 2017; Received in revised form May 5th 2017; Accepted June 2nd 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Salni, S, Hariani, P.L. and Marisa, H. (2017) Influence the Rubber Seed Type and Altitude on Characteristic of Seed, Oil and Biodiesel. International Journal of Renewable Energy Develeopment, 6(2), 157-163.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.157-163

scholarly journals The Use of Rubber Seed Oil as an Alternative Plant Lipid Source for Stripped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Andi Apriany Fatmawaty ◽  
Achmad Noerkhaerin Putra ◽  
Aris Munandar ◽  
Nuniek Hermita ◽  
Mustahal Mustahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Striped Catfish

Dietary lipid in the forms of fish oil and corn oil are known as the best lipid sources. An effort to find an alternative to lipid sources other than both forms of oil can be done through the use of ts rubber seed oil. The study was conducted to evaluate rubber seed oil as a lipid source in the diet for increasing the growth of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings. A tested diet having isoprotein (30.14±0.01%) and isoenergy (271.26±0.08 DE kcal/100g) was used in this study. Fish oil, corn oil, and rubber seed oil at a total of 3% were used as the diet's lipid sources. Rubber seed oil was added to the diet at 0, 1, and 3%, respectively. After acclimatized to the experimental condition, striped catfish fingerlings (9.72±0.01 g) were randomly stocked in 12 aquariums (69x29x35 cm3; Volume 50 L) with a density of 15 fingerlings/container and fed on the tested diet at satiation for 40 days. The use of rubber seed oil as a source of lipid in the diet does not affect the survival rate and body fat (P> 0.05). The composition of 2% rubber seed oil in the feed gives the best growth in striped catfish fingerlings, with feed intake of 233.00±1.00 g, a specific growth rate of 2.01±0.05% day-1, feed efficiency of 75.45 ± 1.18%, protein efficiency ratio of 2.45 ± 0.11% and body protein of 44.03 ± 2.42%. There is a tendency that higher rubber seed oil content in the diet, produce better the fatty acid profile in the body of the striped catfish.

Rubber seed oil supplementation enriches n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduces cholesterol contents of egg yolks in laying hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 125198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Wen ◽  
Yongbao Wu ◽  
Zhiguo Qi ◽  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Fuhuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Egg Yolks

UJI KINERJA BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI KARET

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Ardiana Setyawardani ◽  
Sperisa Distantina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Pre Treatment

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Abstract: </strong><em>The increasing of national biodiesel-demand is not balanced with national production. Two of the reasons are using edible oil as feedstock and high production cost.</em> <em>Seventy percents of production cost comes from raw materials.</em> <em>Exploration of new crops and unexploited oil crops is needed to develop. We could use low-valued feed stocks such as unrefined vegetable oil, waste frying oil, or side product from vegetable oil hydrolysis, the fatty acids. Rubber seed is a potential feedstock for biodiesel in Indonesia, because it is one of the greatest producers in the world. Besides, rubber seed has high proportion of oil and has not been used optimally yet. By using a proper pre-treatment, we could produce high quality biodiesel.  The aim of this third-year research is to produce biodiesel in the optimum condition, and analysed it with Engine Test Bed. The optimum conditions are: acid pre-treatment (using H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on 2.5% v/v as catalyst on the ratio of  methanol to oil is 6:1, 60 <sup>o</sup>C), and the second step, alkaline (KOH) catalysed trans-esterification (which was processed in 1 hour, 2% catalyst, 50<sup>o</sup>C, on the ratio of methanol to oil is 6:1). Biodiesel was refined by settling, washing and adsorption. Based on previous research, we concluded that biodiesel from rubber seed oil with acid pre-treatment has lower carbon residue and higher flash point as the advantages. So, it was analyzed in an Engine Test Bed on this research. Biodiesel resulted better performance for B10 than petroleum diesel-fuel in lower rotation (&lt; 2000 rpm), lower fuel-consumption and lower waste-gas flow rate. </em><strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>acid pre-treatment, biodiesel, Engine Test Bed, fatty acids, rubber seed oil</em></p></div><strong><br clear="all" /></strong>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document