scholarly journals Does Three Strikes Really Deter? A Statistical Analysis Of Its Impact On Crime Rates In California

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
John Kelly ◽  
Anusua Datta
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Three Strikes

This study uses California crime statistics for the years 1984-2004, to determine what effect, if any, the increased sentencing standards under the three-strikes legislation in California have had in deterring crime. This study follows a new approach in differentiating between the incapacitation effect and the deterrent effect of the law. Incapacitation is tested by tracking the change in prison population. Our results show that the three strikes legislation had a significant deterrent effect on total and property crime, but not so for violent crime. We find no support for incapacitation in the limited time period following the three-strikes legislation.

Dogs and Crime

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Wes Grooms ◽  
DJ Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
The City

AbstractPrevious attempts to quantify the role that dogs play in mitigating household property crime rates have produced mixed results.gisand spatial analysis methods to conduct such an investigation are not well-represented in the anthrozoological academic press for an entire city. This study seeks to address these gaps using agis-based case study of dog license locations and reported property crime locations for land parcel data in the City of Milwaukee,wi, for 2011. We found that parcels with reported licensed dogs experienced property crime at rates of between 1.40 and 1.71 percentage points lower than the property crime rates for parcels that were zoned the same and did not have licensed dogs. This association between the presence of dogs and reduced property crime rates suggests dogs have a deterrent effect on property crime; more comprehensive analysis is encouraged to draw more concrete conclusions.

The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence from Cocaine and Marijuana Mandatory Minimum Sentencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Dhondt
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rate ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Violent Crime Rate ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Prison Populations ◽  
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing ◽  
Positive Effect

Simultaneity between prison populations and crime rates makes it difficult to isolate the causal effect of changes in prison populations on crime.  This paper uses marijuana and cocaine mandatory minimum sentencing to break that simultaneity.  Using panel data for 50 states over 40 years, this paper finds that the marginal addition of a prisoner results in a higher, not lower crime rate. Specifically, a 1 percent increase in the prison population results in a 0.28 percent increase in the violent crime rate and a 0.17 percent increase in the property crime rate. This counter-intuitive result suggests that incarceration, already high in the U.S, may have now begun to achieve negative returns in reducing crime.  As such it supports the work of a number of scholars who have suggested that incarceration may have begun to have a positive effect on crime because of a host of factors.

The Effect of T-Commerce Scarcity Messages and Price Policies on Attitudes and Purchase Intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
KwangSeok Han
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Discount Factor ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Discount Price ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
The Difference

Background/Objectives: This study investigated differences in the attitude of users according to type of scarcity message and price discount conditions to compose T-commerce sales messages and search for effective strategic plans. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study empirically verifies the difference in promotion attitude and purchase intention between the type of T-Commerce scarcity message (quantity limit message / time limit message) and the price discount policy (price discount / non-discount) message. For this purpose, 2 (scarcity type: limited quantity, limited time) X 2 (with or without price discount: price discount, no price discount) factor design between subjects was used.

Recent and Planned Developments of the Program OxCal

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 720-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
Sharen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Models ◽  
Multiphase Models ◽  
Deposition Models

OxCal is a widely used software package for the calibration of radiocarbon dates and the statistical analysis of 14C and other chronological information. The program aims to make statistical methods easily available to researchers and students working in a range of different disciplines. This paper will look at the recent and planned developments of the package. The recent additions to the statistical methods are primarily aimed at providing more robust models, in particular through model averaging for deposition models and through different multiphase models. The paper will look at how these new models have been implemented and explore the implications for researchers who might benefit from their use. In addition, a new approach to the evaluation of marine reservoir offsets will be presented. As the quantity and complexity of chronological data increase, it is also important to have efficient methods for the visualization of such extensive data sets and methods for the presentation of spatial and geographical data embedded within planned future versions of OxCal will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Simulation of Doppler Lidar Measurement Range and Data Availability

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Boquet ◽  
Philippe Royer ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cariou ◽  
Mehdi Machta ◽  
Matthieu Valla
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Range ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Atmospheric Observations ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Weather Stations

AbstractThe measurement range of a coherent wind Doppler lidar (CWDL) along a laser beam is the maximum distance from the lidar where wind speed data are accurately retrieved. It means that, at this distance, a sufficient number of emitted laser photons are backscattered and received by the lidar. Understanding of the propagation of the laser through the atmosphere, and particularly the backscattering and extinction processes from aerosols, is therefore important to estimate the metrological performances of a CWDL instrument. The range is directly related to specific instrument characteristics and atmospheric content, such as the aerosols type, size, and density distributions. Associated with the measurement range is the notion of data availability, which can be defined, at a given range and over a time period, as the percentage number of data retrieved correctly by the CWDL over the total number of measurement attempts.This paper proposes a new approach to predict the CWDL data availability and range of measurement using both instrumental simulation and atmospheric observations of aerosol optical properties from weather stations and simulations. This method is applied in several CWDL measurement campaigns during which estimated data availabilities and ranges are compared with the observations. It is shown that it is fairly possible to anticipate the data availability and the range coverage of CWDL technology at any site of interest where atmospheric data are available. The method also offers an additional way to diagnose the operation of the instrument and will help in the design of future instruments.

Is a Decentralized Police Organization a Better Option in a Modern Democratic Society? A Case Study From South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 109861112110420
Author(s):  
Sungil Han ◽  
Jennifer LaPrade ◽  
EuiGab Hwang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Crime Clearance

While western countries have had a decentralized policing model for many years, some countries, such as South Korea, still employ a centralized, national police department. Responding to calls for reform, South Korea launched a pilot program and implemented a more decentralized policing structure in Jeju Island in 2006. This study adds to the policing literature by offering the empirical comparison of a region before and after decentralization of a police department. This study will examine the intervention effects of police decentralization in Jeju, specifically related to crime rates, crime clearance rates, victimization, trust in police, and fear of crime. Using propensity score matching and interrupted time series analysis, this study found that the decentralized policing intervention significantly reduced total crime, violent crime rates, and property crime rates that lasted throughout the intervention period, while improving crime clearance rates for violent crime, as well as reduced fear of crime among residents.

Crime and Architectural Style

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY S. BYNUM ◽  
DAN M. PURRI
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Reported Crime ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Official Crime

Historically, social scientists have argued that human behavior is, to a large degree, a response to environmental conditions. Recently, a group of criminologists have posited a direct relationship between certain environmental structures and reported crime rates. Studies exploring this area have pointed to the association between crme rates and highrise residences as support for their position. However, several serious weaknesses exist in this previous research. High-rise structures are generally either in high crime areas or are luxury apartments with guarded entrances. In addition, such research is generally based on official crime data. The present study investigates, through victimization techniques, the experiences of residents of several high- and low-rise structures in a traditionally low crime area: the college campus. In addition, measures of the respondent's sense of community were employed to address the self-policing hypothesis of the environmental design approach. Although causality cannot be inferred from the findings, a positive association was observed between high-rise areas and property crime rates. Furthermore, both of these variables were negatively associated with the respondents' sense of community.

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