scholarly journals Comparison Between Different Endodontic Irrigating Protocols In Smear Layer Removal From Radicular Dentin

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ramona Vlad ◽  
Monika Kovacs ◽  
Dragos Sita ◽  
Mihai Pop
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
System Data ◽  
Root Canal Dentin ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of our study was to measure the cleaning efficiency of irrigating solutions used during endodontic treatment regarding smear layer removal from the root canal dentin walls. Ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17%, citric acid (CA) 10% and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2,5 % solutions were tested as final irrigating solutions. The study was conducted on extracted teeth, divided in four groups according to the irrigation protocol used. The specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the amount of smear layer present at apical, middle and coronal level was recorded, based on a scoring system. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. In the coronal and middle segments of dental roots we noticed no statistically significant difference between EDTA and CA in smear layer removing capacity. Final irrigation with 17% EDTA proved to be more efficient than 10% CA and 2,5% NaOCl in smear layer removal at apical level of the root canal, with p<0.05 (p=0.042), which is an important area for disinfection in endodontic treatment.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1035
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Vallikanthan ◽  
K Balakoti Reddy ◽  
Shreemoy Dash ◽  
Sowmya Kallepalli ◽  
N Chakrapani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy

ABSTRACT Objectives The present study was conducted to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of hand and two NiTi rotary instrumentation systems (K3 and ProTaper). Materials and methods Sixty single rooted human maxillary anterior teeth decoronated at the cementoenamel junction were used. All the specimens were divided into four groups of 15 teeth each, group I—ProTaper rotary instrumentation done, group II—K3 rotary instrumentation done, group III—Stainless steel K-file instrumentation done, group IV—root canal irrigation without instrumentation. Root canal preparation was done in a crown down manner and 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigant after each file followed by final rinse with 5 ml of 17% EDTA solution, then specimens were scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination. Results Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's HSD test. Group I showed highly statistical significant difference compared to other groups. There was no statistically significant difference considering smear layer at any levels among the groups with no smear layer formation in group IV. Conclusion ProTaper rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by K3 rotary instrumentation in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canal. Clinical significance ProTaper rotary instruments are more efficient than hand and K3 rotary instruments during root canal treatment. How to cite this article Reddy KB, Dash S, Kallepalli S, Vallikanthan S, Chakrapani N, Kalepu V. A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1028-1035.

scholarly journals Evaluation of four final irrigation protocols for cleaning root canal walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Zou ◽  
Lin Yue
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Canal Systems

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of four final irrigation protocols in smear layer removal and bacterial inhibition in root canal systems. Thirty roots inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis were prepared with ProTaper Universal files. The teeth were disinfected by conventional needle irrigation, sonic agitation using the EndoActivator device, passive ultrasonic irrigation, or an M3 Max file. Teeth with no root canal preparation served as blank controls for the establishment of the infection baseline. Teeth with preparation but no final irrigation served as a post-instrumentation baseline. After the final irrigation, the teeth were sectioned in half. One half of each tooth was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess smear layer removal using a five-point scale. The other half was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using the LIVE/DEAD BackLight bacterial viability kit to evaluate the depth of bacterial survival in dentinal tubules. SEM analysis revealed no significant difference in smear layer removal throughout the whole canal among the EA, PUI, and M3 Max groups (P > 0.05). CLSM revealed that PUI achieved the greatest bacterial inhibition depth in the coronal ((174.27 ± 31.63) μm), middle ((160.94 ± 37.77) μm), and apical ((119.53 ± 28.49) μm) thirds of the canal (all P < 0.05 vs. other groups). According to this comprehensive SEM and CLSM evaluation, PUI appears to have the best infection control ability in root canal systems.

scholarly journals Effect of different irrigant solutions on microhardness and smear layer removal of root canal dentin

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebatalla E. Kandil ◽  
Ahmed H. Labib ◽  
Hatem A. Alhadainy
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation Of Antibacterial And Layer Removal Efficacy Of Two Different Herbal Irrigants – An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
A Sheerin Sarthaj ◽  
S Maria Antony
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

INTRODUCTION: Irrigation during root canal therapy is especially needed for teeth with complex internal anatomy. Biomechanical preparation of root canal produces "smear layer" which gets embedded with debris and microorganisms. The major side effects of these widely used chemical irrigants such as Sodium hypochlorite for antibacterial efficacy and EDTA for smear layer removal has led to the search of a more biocompatible irrigant.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Azadirachta indica(neem) and Ocimum sanctum(tulsi) extract were used in this study as herbal irrigants to evaluate the above mentioned properties by the q PCR method and SEM analysis.RESULTS: In antimicrobial efficacy, the Mean value of NaOcl showed higher antimicrobial efficacy followed by Neem leaf extract and the lower antimicrobial efficacy was recorded with Tulsi extract. Similarly, the mean smear layer removal by different irrigants at different root levels, EDTA showed the maximum smear layer removal, followed by Neem leaf extract and Tulsi extract showed the least smear layer removal. Hence Tulsi has poor smear layer removal efficacy and comparable antimicrobial efficacy when compared with Neem extractSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to compare the mean of the groups. The post- hoc test (Tukey) was performed to find the interrelationship between different groups for significant difference (P < 0.05; confidence interval 95%).CONCLUSION: From this study, these two herbal irrigants are proved to be safe and effective. It can be concluded that neem leaf extract has a significant antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and significant smear layer removal efficacy compared to 17% EDTA.

scholarly journals Effect of different irrigating solutions with surfactants on the microhardness and smear layer removal of root canal dentin: An in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Shivani Dhawan ◽  
Rajan Dhawan ◽  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
JaidevSingh Dhillon ◽  
Tamanna Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy using Four Novel Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143
Author(s):  
Prem P Kar ◽  
Sandhya A Khasnis ◽  
Krisnamurthy H Kidiyoor
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of two multifile rotary systems (MTwo and Silk) and two single-file rotary systems (F6 Skytaper and NeoNiTi). Materials and methods Eighty mesial canals of mandibular first molars were cleaned and shaped using four nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments to size # 25 and 3% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Samples were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 20) according to instrumentation: Group I, Mtwo; group II, Silk; group III, F6 Skytaper; group IV, NeoNiTi. Samples were split longitudinally and examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for debris and smear layer removal in coronal, middle, and apical thirds of each root canal. Results F6 skytaper and Mtwo groups showed significantly higher debris removal than Silk and NeoNiTi groups in apical third of root canal as well as when compared with NeoNiTi group in middle third. F6 Skytaper group showed significantly higher debris and smear layer removal than Silk group in coronal third. There was statistically significant difference among all thirds of root canal in terms of debris removal in Silk and NeoNiTi groups. There was statistically significant difference among all thirds of root canal in F6 Skytaper and NeoNiTi groups in terms of smear layer removal. Conclusion F6 Skytaper single-file rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by Mtwo multifile rotary instrumentation in all thirds of root canal. Clinical significance F6 Skytaper rotary instrument is most efficient followed by Mtwo rotary instrument among all rotary instruments. How to cite this article Kar PP, Khasnis SA, Kidiyoor KH. Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy using Four Novel Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1135-1143.

scholarly journals The effect of pH of the sodium hypochlorite on smear layer removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Branislav Karadzic ◽  
Nina Dimitrijevic ◽  
Dragica Manojlovic ◽  
Tomislav Trisovic
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Ph Values

Introduction. Canal irrigation is an important segment of endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of 0.5% NaOCl solutions of different pH values on smear layer removal. Material and Methods. Thirty-two freshly extracted single rooted teeth with gangrenous pulp were used in the study. The samples were divided into four groups of eight teeth in each. Four solutions of 0.5% NaOCl having pH values 5, 7, 9 and 12 respectively, were used during chemomechanical instrumentation with hand instruments and using step back technique. SEM analysis was done to assess the quality of smear layer removal in apical, middle and coronal part of root canal. Presence and quantity of smear layer and detritus was quantified using the scale from 1 to 5. Results. SEM analysis results showed similar results for 0.5% NaOCl solutions of different pH values in root canal cleaning with no statistically significant differences. Conclusion. The most effective cleaning root canal was achieved with 0.5% NaOCl solution of pH 5.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticle as A Final Irrigation Solution on The Smear Layer Removal, Micro-hardness and Surface Roughness of Root Canal Dentin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Diatri Nari Ratih ◽  
Raras Ajeng Enggardipta ◽  
Aqilla Tiara Kartikaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

Background: Root canal irrigation is one of the most important stages during root canal treatment. One of the requirements of root canal irrigation material is that it can eradicate the smear layer but does not alter the physical properties of the root canal dentin. Objective: To investigate the effect of chitosan nanoparticle as a final irrigation solution on the smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin. Methods: Seventy-two premolars used in this study and divided by three evaluations, namely smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness. Each study used 24 teeth and was assigned randomly into three groups of eight teeth. Group-1, final irrigation with 17% EDTA; group-2, with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles; group-3, with 2.5% NaOCl. Specimens were evaluated for smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness using a Scanning Electron Microscope, Vickers hardness tester and surface roughness measuring instrument, respectively. Data obtained from smear layer removal evaluation were statically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U and data from micro-hardness and surface roughness were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles produced similar smear layer removal than 17% EDTA (P>0.05), but it was greater than 2.5% NaOCl (P<0.05). Chitosan had higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness than EDTA (P<0.05), but it was the same as 2.5% NaOCl (P>0.05). Conclusion: Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles had the same effect on smear layer removal compared to 17% EDTA; however, 0.2% chitosan produced higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness of root canal dentin than 17% EDTA.

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