scholarly journals Modern Labour Economics: The Neoclassical Paradigm with Institutional Theories

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (28) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Dagmar Brozova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Regulatory Interventions ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Market Economics

The growing role of institutions and their influence on the labour market outcomes, i.e. wage rates and labour allocation, has been among the most significant characteristic features of labour markets in recent decades. Labour market economics built its paradigm on the principles of marginalism, which brought suitable instruments for analysis of market agents´ individual decisions capable of achieving effective solutions. Smith´s “invisible hand” has gradually been limited by institutional interventions – by governments, corporations and trade unions with government legislation, corporate personnel policies and collective bargaining. The expanding regulatory interventions into the labour market and the effort to explain the reality leads inevitably to the fact that modern labour market economics incorporates more and more institutional theories. The contribution outlines the gradual invasion of neoinstitutional topics and theories into the neoclassical labour market paradigm and it analyses the differences in the neoclassical and neoinstitutional interpretation of labour markets’ functioning. The recent discussion on the consequences for labour market economics theory is presented. A conclusion about the gradual direction towards a changed paradigm of labour market economics is presented.

scholarly journals Exposure to Global Markets, Internal Labour Markets, and Worker Compensation: Evidence from Canadian Microdata

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-398
Author(s):  
Heather Zhang ◽  
Michael R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Total Compensation ◽  
Worker Compensation ◽  
Internal Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Because of the fact that globalization seems, in aggregate, to be associated with rising inequality, much of the sociological literature treats the process very critically. Our results suggest a more nuanced approach. Prolonged exposure to export markets is associated with higher pay and both prolonged exposure to export markets and foreign ownership are associated with higher total compensation. Pay is substantially tied to productivity, probably through exposure to international best practices. At the same time, the presence of internal labour market traits is also associated with higher pay and higher total compensation. We conclude that it makes little sense to oppose productivity and power explanations of labour market outcomes; rather, they should be regarded as joint influences on compensation determination, consistent with the broad lesson of a "post" new structuralist sociology of labour markets.

scholarly journals (Re)making labour markets and economic crises: The case of Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enda Murphy ◽  
Julien Mercille
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Regulatory Interventions ◽  
Irish Case

The 2008 economic crisis has had significant impacts on labour markets around the world. In Europe, in particular, the need for internal devaluation within European Union nations in financial difficulty precipitated a wave of labour market reforms alongside the reform of welfare systems struggling to cope with high levels of unemployment. Various analyses have explored the nature of these changes separately for the labour market and welfare systems. Using a conceptual framework rooted in a political economy understanding the social nature of labour, this article takes an inclusive approach to understanding regulatory changes for both employed and unemployed labour. We do this using the case of Ireland, a country that went through a severe economic crisis, was subject to a European Union/European Central Bank/International Monetary Fund bailout in 2010 and witnessed one of the most significant labour market crises in Europe. The Irish case is instructive because it highlights both the range and depth of regulatory interventions utilised by the state during periods of crisis to deal with the social nature of labour and its role under advanced capitalism. JEL codes: J01, J08, J48.

Cross-border labour markets and the role of trade unions in representing migrant workers’ interests

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-255
Author(s):  
Adrien Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Survey Results

New patterns of labour migration are reshaping labour markets and raising new challenges for labour market actors, especially trade unions. This article critically discusses unionization strategies targeting migrant workers and the political and organizational dilemmas involved, taking as an example the case of Luxembourg, a founding member of the European Union with a highly internationalized labour market. Relying on qualitative research and survey results, this article sets out the strategies adopted by trade unions to unionize migrant workers, before discussing the dilemmas and tensions related to the diversification of trade union policies and organizational structures in response to labour migration. It provides valuable insights into two broader issues: the socio-political and organizational dynamics involved in trade unions’ inclusion of migrant workers and the potential role of trade unions in building transnational links and cohesion in border regions.

Labour market outcomes of different institutional regimes: evidence from the OECD countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Le ◽  
Geoffrey Wood ◽  
Shuxing Yin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Institutional Regimes

Abstract The rise of populism has been widely ascribed, at least in part, to an inability of national systems to generate decent employment or, indeed, stem its decline. This article explores the basis and nature of variations in labour market outcomes of different institutional regimes. For this comparative institutional analysis, we build indexes of labour market outcomes in the OECD countries, measuring actual cross-country variations and encompassing a much wider range of evidence in terms of countries and time periods covered than previous studies. We show that in terms of job availability and wages, the liberal market economies (LMEs) have advantages, but once involuntary part-time employment and wage inequality are considered, labour market outcomes appear superior in the continental European countries and the Scandinavia social democracies. However, any advantages of the LMEs appear to be diminishing since the global financial crisis. Compared with other regimes, Southern European and transitional economies have lower level of job availability and wage rates but are comparable in other aspects of the labour market.

scholarly journals Transnational Cigar-Makers: Cross-Border Labour Markets, Strikes, and Solidarity at the Time of the First International (1864–1873)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ad Knotter
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Cigar Makers ◽  
Migratory Movements

AbstractSeveral authors have argued that one of the main goals of the International Working Men's Association was to control transnational labour markets. In the eyes of trade unionists, especially in Britain, uncontrolled cross-border migratory movements threatened to undermine wage standards and working conditions. Their solution was to organize internationally, both to prevent strike-breaking and wage-cutting by workers from abroad, and to support unions elsewhere to raise wage standards in their home countries. Cigar-makers operated on a cross-border labour market and were very prominent in the First International. In this article I describe the connections between the German, British, Dutch, Belgian, and American cigar-makers as migratory workers, and their actions to stimulate, support, and coordinate trade unions internationally. I argue that the international cooperation of cigar-makers was primarily motivated by a wish to regulate their cross-border labour market, not so much by an abstract ideal of international solidarity.

scholarly journals Has There Been a She-covery? The Financial Crisis of 2008 and Its Impact on the Ontario Labour Market

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Lewchuk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Crisis Recovery ◽  
Employment Security ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Study Participants

Summary The labour market turmoil associated with the financial crisis that began in late 2008 provides an opportunity to test the effect of the feminization of labour markets on how modern labour markets function in times of crisis (Armstrong, 1996; Vosko, 2000; Korkki, 2011). This paper will focus on two related questions. The first is whether men and women had different experiences as labour markets began to recover in November 2010. The second is whether the standard employment contract, that implies that workers with more seniority will be offered a degree of employment security in exchange for loyalty to a company, has frayed. These questions are explored by comparing the pre- and post-financial crisis labour market outcomes of 791 individuals employed in an area centred on Toronto and bounded by Hamilton in the west and Oshawa in the east. Evidence is presented on changes in having paid employment, the degree of employment security, the form of the employment relationship, and the characteristics of the employment relationship. Study participants completed a detailed survey describing their employment in June 2005 and again in November 2010. The paper assesses the accuracy of reports that suggest that the quality of employment had returned to pre-financial crisis levels by the spring of 2011 (Tal, 2011; Cross, 2011). The findings suggest there has been a gendered dimension to the post-financial crisis recovery in labour markets. However, the nature of this effect is not as simple as women finding more secure, better paying employment, or men being forced into less secure employment. For the sample as a whole, men were marginally more likely than women to be in paid employment. Young men were the most successful in finding more secure employment. Middle-aged men were the most likely to remain in paid employment in the post-financial crisis labour market, but at the cost of accepting less secure employment and employment that was less likely to have the characteristics of the standard employment relationship.

Partisan Government and Interest Groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaad Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Government

The chapter further elaborates the theme of partisanship by analysing the role of business groups and trade unions in shaping labour market reforms. The chapter evaluates business and trade unions as contending interests in shaping labour reforms across the states to explain variations in labour market. Disaggregated analysis of relative strength and organization of the interest groups shows that the influence of interest groups depends more on their proximity to the government than material resources or their organizational capacity. This is most evident in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh where relative strength of business groups and trade unions do not corroborate labour market outcomes. The finding reaffirms the centrality of governments and political parties due to the historical weakness of civil society organizations and legacy of state intervention in India.

scholarly journals Labour Market Outcomes for Immigrants in New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Stillman ◽  
David C. Mare
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Relative Improvement ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Synthetic Cohort ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Employment Rates

This paper uses data from the 1997-2007 New Zealand Income Survey to examine the labour market performance of immigrants in New Zealand. Specifically, we use a synthetic cohort approach to examine how employment rates and hourly wages for immigrants compare to those for the New Zealand-born. Extending previous work, we examine how outcomes for immigrants change with years spent in New Zealand in a semi-parametric manner that makes no assumptions about how labour market outcomes evolve as more host country experience is acquired. The pattern of entry disadvantage followed by subsequent relative improvement is more pronounced for employment rates than for wage rates.

scholarly journals United, Yet Apart? A Note on Persistent Labour Market Differences between Western and Eastern Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Western Germany

AbstractComparing aggregate statistics and surveying selected empirical studies, this paper shows that the characteristics and results of labour markets in eastern and western Germany have become quite similar in some respects but still differ markedly in others even 25 years after unification. Whereas no substantial differences can be detected in firms’ labour demand decisions and in employees’ representation via works councils or trade unions, both parts of the country are somewhat apart concerning labour supply behaviour, labour productivity, wages, and bargaining coverage, and they still exhibit substantially different rates of unemployment. These differences may reflect observable and unobservable characteristics of economic actors as well as differences in behaviour, norms, and individuals’ attitudes.

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