Caractérisation Physico-Chimique Des Eaux Souterraines Du Socle De La Région De Zinder (Niger) Pendant La Saison Des Pluies Et La Saison Sèche

Agriculture and livestock are the main socio-economic activities of the population of the Zinder region (Niger). However, these activities have negative impacts on groundwater quality, which is the main source of water supply for this population. In this work, the physicochemical quality of the waters of the Socle of the Zinder region was studied during the rainy and dry seasons. Twenty-four samples were the subject of a physico-chemical analysis. The data obtained were processed by the hydrochemical method by the Diagram software and the principal component analysis by the XLSTAT software. Of the waters analyzed, 83% have normal pH values (6.5 - 8.5) and 17% acid pH <6.5 during both seasons. The nitrate levels of Yekoua (62.04 and 63.36 mg.L-1), Dan Ladi (123.64 and 146.96 mg.L-1), Bourbourwa (64.65 and 80.08 mg.L -1) and Kazoé (130.68 and 124.52 mg.L-1) and fluoride of Kazoé (1.5 mg.L-1), Midik (1.6 mg.L-1) and Bourbourwa (2.98 mg.L-1) during both seasons are abnormal. Four facies characterize the analyzed waters, with a predominance of bicarbonated calci-magnesian(42%) during the rainy season, calci-magnesian bicarbonate (41.7%) and calci-magnesium chloride (41.7%) during the dry season. The residence time by hydrolysis and alteration of silicate rocks and the pluviolessivage of soils are the main mechanisms that govern the mineralization of these waters. These grades, call for remediation treatments. Clays could be promoters for this treatment because they are very available and less expensive.

Download Full-text

Qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique des eaux souterraines et risques sanitaires dans quelques quartiers de Yaoundé VII, Cameroun

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1902-1920

Author(s):

Diane Armelle Moussima Yaka ◽

Ange Alex Tiemeni ◽

Bertrand Zing Zing ◽

Thérèse Line Laure Jokam Nenkam ◽

Amina Aboubakar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Principal Component ◽

Peripheral Zone ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Bacteriological Quality ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Risques Sanitaires ◽

Eaux Souterraines

Au Cameroun, l’accès aux systèmes d’alimentation en eau potable en milieu urbain apparaît sélectif. Les populations des quartiers situés en périphérie ont recours aux puits et sources pour assouvir leurs besoins. La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer la qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique des eaux souterraines couramment utilisées dans quelques quartiers de l’arrondissement de Yaoundé VII. 24 échantillons d’eaux prélevés dans 6 sources (S1 à S6) et 2 puits (W1 et W2) ont été analysés suivant des méthodes normalisées. Les températures relevées, proches de celle de l’air, révèlent le caractère libre des nappes étudiées. Celles-ci subiraient l’influence directe des eaux d’infiltration. Les stations S1, W1 et W2 présentent des valeurs en nitrates supérieures à 50 mg/l (norme OMS). La consommation de leurs eaux expose la population jeune à la méthémoglobinémie. Contrairement aux recommandations de la norme camerounaise, les indicateurs de pollution fécale et les bactéries du genre Salmonella, ont été isolées dans les eaux analysées. Une analyse en composante principale ainsi qu’un dendrogramme ont permis de classer les points d’échantillonnage, selon l’ordre croissant de pollution organique suivant : {S6}, (S3, S4, S5), (S1, S2), {W1}, {W2}. Cependant, du point de vue pathogénique, S6, S3, S4, S5 sont les plus à craindre.Mots clés : Qualité des eaux, puits, sources, Yaoundé, risques sanitaires. English Title: Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater and health risks in some districts of Yaoundé VII, CameroonIn Cameroon, access to drinking water supply systems in urban areas appears to be selective. The populations located in the peripheral zone use wells and springs to satisfy their needs. This study aims to assess the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the groundwater commonly used in some districts of Yaoundé VII. 24 water samples taken from 6 sources (S1 to S6) and 2 wells (W1 and W2) were analyzed according to standardized methods. The temperatures recorded, close to that of the air, reveal the free nature of the aquifers studied which are directly influenced by the infiltration waters. Samples points S1, W1 and W2 presented concentration of nitrate above 50 mg/l (WHO standard). The consumption of their waters exposes young people to methemoglobinemia. On contrary to the recommendations of the cameroonian standard, the indicators of faecal pollution and bacteria of the genus Salmonella, were isolated in the waters analyzed. A principal component analysis as well as a dendrogram permit to classify the sampling points, according to the following increasing order of organic pollution: {S6}, (S3, S4, S5), (S1, S2), {W1}, {W2}. However, from a pathogenic point of view, S6, S3, S4, S5, are the most to be feared.Keywords: Water quality, Dug wells, spring, Yaoundé, sanitary risks.

Download Full-text

Approach to tap water safety analysis in terms of biostability

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20185900005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 00005

Author(s):

Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽

Dorota Papciak ◽

Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽

Andżelika Pietrzyk

Keyword(s):

Distribution System ◽

Tap Water ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Safety ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Subject ◽

Increased Susceptibility

The subject of the work is the analysis and assessment of the risk of biological instability of water. The lack of water stability causes the increased susceptibility of the distribution system to secondary microbial contamination of water and constitutes a hazard for consumers’ health. The risk is expressed as the loss of water supply safety and distinguishes a failure of not meeting certain water quality parameters that can influence physico-chemical parameters and the bacteriological quality of the water supplied to the consumers. In the paper the method of analysing and evaluating the risk of loss of biostability of tap water is presented. The presented analysis was performed on the basis of the operating data from the water treatment plant.

Download Full-text

IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOURCES GENERATING IMPACT ON THE WATER QUALITY OF THE EAST JIU BASIN

Mining science and technology ◽

10.17073/2500-0632-2018-2-34-40 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 34-41

Author(s):

Alexandru Simion ◽

Maria Lazar

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Value Chain ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Human Activities ◽

Quality Index ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Negative Impacts

The main economic activity in the Jiu Valley is mining, which provides to the society an important content of mineral raw materials required for the development and progress, representing the main activity in producing the value chain. The majority of the mining activities and other economic activities deployed along the basin of the East Jiu generates both negative environmental impacts (more or less serious) and positive impacts such as those related to employment, staff training, creating infrastructures etc. In the most cases, the negative impacts of the human activities can be much improved up to a point or even eliminated through the remedial measures, particularly through environmental rehabilitation of the affected areas. But if a watercourse is strongly affected by sediments generated by the human activity still on the top side, the pollution will be intensifed much more on the bottom side with signifiant changes on the aquatic ecosystems and with an impossibility of consumption and the use of the water resources by the riparian population. The main objective of this paper consists of the identification and the description of all human activities presented along the East Jiu and the analayses of the negative influence exerted on the river water quality. To compare the water quality of the East Jiu and monitoring its variations in time, it was used the method water quality index (WQI), having the straight purpose of aggregating individual indicators (expressed in physical units) in a unique water quality index.

Download Full-text

IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES INFLUENCING THE QUALITY OF THYME (SATUREJA HORTENSIS)

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v20i2.76 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

SIMONA GHINITA CONSTANTIN ◽

MIRELA PRAISLER ◽

GABRIELA IORDĂCHESCU

Keyword(s):

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Satureja Hortensis ◽

Umami Taste ◽

Physico Chemical

<p>Thyme (<em>Satureja hortensis</em>) is a popular spice for food, which is also often used as a medicine for various ailments. This paper presents an artificial intelligence method applied for the objective determination of the most important physico-chemical variables affecting the quality of thyme, i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that the main properties which significantly influence the nutritional value of thyme are moisture (MOIST), dry matter content (DRYM), protein content (PROT) and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrate content (CARB). Humidity is strongly and negatively correlated with the latter three variables. The main variable that ensures the similarity between the thyme samples having the same geographical origin is the monosodium glutamate content, which generates its delicious (umami) taste.</p>

Download Full-text

Temporal and Spatial Water Quality Assessment for Rivers in Metropolitan Areas Using Multivariate Statistics and Water Quality Indices: A Case Study of the Geumho River, Korea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1087269/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chang Dae Jo ◽

Jung Min Kim ◽

Seong Min Kim ◽

Heon Gak Kwon

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Multivariate Statistics ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Principal Component ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Principal Factor ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Management Interventions ◽

Industrial Complexes

Abstract The Geumho River in South Korea passes through a metropolitan area with a high population density and multiple industrial complexes and, therefore, the water quality of this river is of significance for human health and economic activities. This study aims to assess the water quality of the Geumho River to inform river water quality management and improve pollution control using multivariate statistics and the Korean Water Quality Index (KWQI). Principal component and factor analysis identified those factors related to organic pollutants and metabolism (principal factor 1), and phosphorus and fecal coliform content (principal factor 2). In a cluster analysis, time was considered by distinguishing between seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and space was considered based on upstream (US), midstream (MS), and downstream (DS) river sections. Seven temporal variables and six spatial variables were extracted from the discriminant analysis (DA) results; the most important water quality variables were high during the spring and summer seasons and in the MS and DS regions. Temporally, the KWQI was highest in winter (70.9) and lowest in spring (59.2), whereas spatially, KWQI values were highest in the US (67.5) and lowest in the MS (56.4) sections. These results indicate that to be most effective, water management interventions in the Geumho River should focus on the urban midstream section and spring seasons.

Download Full-text

Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of virgin olive oils from several Algerian olive-growing regions

OCL ◽

10.1051/ocl/2021044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Malika Douzane ◽

Mohamed-Seghir Daas ◽

Amel Meribai ◽

Ahmed-Hani Guezil ◽

Abdelkrim Abdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Principal Component ◽

Great Variability ◽

Olive Cultivar ◽

Virgin Olive Oils ◽

Olive Oils ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Physico Chemical

Olive cultivar diversity is rich in Algeria but most remain unexplored in terms of quality traits. This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of twenty olive oil samples belonging to four Algerian cultivars (Chemlal, Sigoise, Ronde de Miliana and Rougette de Mitidja) collected throughout the national territory. Physical-chemical and sensory results showed that 60% of the oils belong to the extra virgin category, while 40% were classified as “virgin olive oil”. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a great variability in fatty acids composition between the samples depending on the cultivar and origin. Oleic acid was the most abundant and varied between 64.84 and 80.14%. Extra virgin olive oils with quality attributes are eligible for a label. Rougette de Mitidja, Ronde de Miliana and Sigoise from Oran showed great potential.

Download Full-text

Hydrochemical Characterisation of Groundwater Quality: Merdja Plain (Tebessa Town, Algeria)

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2020-03091473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 318-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Baazi Houria ◽

Kalla Mahdi ◽

Tebbi Fatima Zohra

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Principal Component ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Geological Formations

The objective of this work is to evaluate the physico-chemical quality of the groundwater of the Merdja plain and to determine the sources of mineralization. This quality is influenced by several environmental and anthropogenic factors such as geological context, climate, precipitation and interaction between groundwater and aquifers and human activities. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on samples taken from several wells spread over the entire Tebessa plain (Merdja) allowed us to detect two axes that explain 73.4% of the information. The first axis describes the variables related to mineralisation and the second one describes those related to agricultural activity. Multidimensional Positioning (MDS) confirmed the interaction of physico-chemical parameters between them and their influence on groundwater quality by highlighting three groups of wells according to their physico-chemical characteristics, particularly those containing high concentrations of nitrates. This contamination is mainly the result of spreading the fertilisers and wastes that are dumped into the plain without treatment. Salinization is the result of long-term interactions between groundwater and geological formations.

Download Full-text

Principal Component Weighted Index for Wastewater Quality Monitoring

Water ◽

10.3390/w11112376 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2376 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Petr Praus

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Weighted Index ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Wastewater Quality ◽

Total Variability ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Quality Indexes ◽

Component Scores

The quality of raw and treated wastewater was evaluated using the principal component weighted index (PCWI) which was defined as a sum of principal component scores weighted according to their eigenvalues. For this purpose, five principal components (PCs) explaining 88% and 83% of the total variability of raw and treated wastewater samples, respectively, were extracted from 11 original physico-chemical parameters by robust principal component analysis (PCA). The PCWIs of raw and treated wastewater were analyzed in terms of their statistical distributions, temporal changes, mutual correlations, correlations with original parameters, and common water quality indexes (WQI). The PCWI allowed us to monitor temporal wastewater quality by one parameter instead of several. Unlike other weighted indexes, the PCWI is composed of independent variables with minimal information noise and objectively determined weights.

Download Full-text

Insights from Water Quality of High Andean Springs for Human Consumption in Peru

Water ◽

10.3390/w13192650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 2650

Author(s):

David Choque-Quispe ◽

Sandro Froehner ◽

Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez ◽

Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco ◽

Diego Elio Peralta-Guevara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Principal Component ◽

Human Consumption ◽

The Andes ◽

Illegal Mining ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Frequent Monitoring ◽

Permissible Levels

The headwaters of the high Andean basin in Peru accumulate water from the mist, rain, snow, and hail, and it is transported superficially and underground to low-lying areas, mostly used for drinkable purposes. The natural water in these areas might be altered due to legal and illegal mining extraction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality for human consumption. Seventeen water samples were examined from Andahuaylas (A), San Jerónimo (S), Talavera (T), and Chiara (CH) districts located between 2813 and 4004 m altitude in the Andes. We used physicochemical, microbiological, and metal parameters, and the results were compared to permissible levels established by the WHO and ECA-Peru to examine samples collected in the dry and rainy seasons in 2019. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) identified areas and conditioning parameters. Extractive mining activity influences the quality of springs due to the presence of metals, especially antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), values of which are higher than values permissible for human consumption, being higher in the dry season (p < 0.05). In addition, the presence of cations and particulate matter affects physico-chemical parameters, for example turbidity. PCA showed that parameters for water characterization are season-independent, and water quality in the springs would be conditioned by the presence of metals, especially in Andahuaylas and Talavera zones, as well as the parameters that are associated with dissolved solids in the water (turbidity and fluorides). A frequent monitoring program of springs and groundwater is recommended, with the purpose to protect water from contamination and guarantee safe water availability in low-lying and urbanized areas.

Download Full-text

Impact of partial substitution of NaCl by KCl, and MgCl2 on physicochemical and sensory properties of cooked sausages during storage

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.18.0707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 1666-1673

Author(s):

Sang-Keun Jin ◽

Sun-Jin Hur ◽

Dong-Gyun Yim

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Ph Values ◽

Low Sodium ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

C Value

Objective: To determine the effect of three salting treatments (control, 100% NaCl; T1, 60% NaCl and 40% KCl; T2, 50% NaCl, 40% KCl, and 10% MgCl2) on meat quality of sausages during storage.Methods: Various types of curing salts were used for processing of salamis. Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of the sausages were analyzed during 4 weeks of ripening.Results: The pH values and salinity contents were the highest in control, while they were the lowest in T2 at 4 weeks (p<0.05). Control and T1 had less thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than T2 at 2 weeks (p<0.05). The volatile basic nitrogen levels in T1 were similar to control and lower than T2 at 2 and 4 weeks (p<0.05). Moreover, T1 samples were redder and had a higher saturation index (C*) value when compared to the others. T2 showed greater hardness, gumminess and chewiness when compared with the control (p<0.05). Control was comparable to T1 for sensory attributes.Conclusion: Sodium chloride may be partially substituted with potassium chloride without negatively influencing meat quality of sausages up to 4 weeks of storage. These results could help to develop low-sodium sausages.

Download Full-text