scholarly journals Qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique des eaux souterraines et risques sanitaires dans quelques quartiers de Yaoundé VII, Cameroun

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1902-1920
Author(s):  
Diane Armelle Moussima Yaka ◽  
Ange Alex Tiemeni ◽  
Bertrand Zing Zing ◽  
Thérèse Line Laure Jokam Nenkam ◽  
Amina Aboubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Risques Sanitaires ◽  
Eaux Souterraines

Au Cameroun, l’accès aux systèmes d’alimentation en eau potable en milieu urbain apparaît sélectif. Les populations des quartiers situés en périphérie ont recours aux puits et sources pour assouvir leurs besoins. La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer la qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique des eaux souterraines couramment utilisées dans quelques quartiers de l’arrondissement de Yaoundé VII. 24 échantillons d’eaux prélevés dans 6 sources (S1 à S6) et 2 puits (W1 et W2) ont été analysés suivant des méthodes normalisées. Les températures relevées, proches de celle de l’air, révèlent le caractère libre des nappes étudiées. Celles-ci subiraient l’influence directe des eaux d’infiltration. Les stations S1, W1 et W2 présentent des valeurs en nitrates supérieures à 50 mg/l (norme OMS). La consommation de leurs eaux expose la population jeune à la méthémoglobinémie. Contrairement aux recommandations de la norme camerounaise, les indicateurs de pollution fécale et les bactéries du genre Salmonella, ont été isolées dans les eaux analysées. Une analyse en composante principale ainsi qu’un dendrogramme ont permis de classer les points d’échantillonnage, selon l’ordre croissant de pollution organique suivant : {S6}, (S3, S4, S5), (S1, S2), {W1}, {W2}. Cependant, du point de vue pathogénique, S6, S3, S4, S5 sont les plus à craindre.Mots clés : Qualité des eaux, puits, sources, Yaoundé, risques sanitaires. English Title: Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater and health risks in some districts of Yaoundé VII, CameroonIn Cameroon, access to drinking water supply systems in urban areas appears to be selective. The populations located in the peripheral zone use wells and springs to satisfy their needs. This study aims to assess the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the groundwater commonly used in some districts of Yaoundé VII. 24 water samples taken from 6 sources (S1 to S6) and 2 wells (W1 and W2) were analyzed according to standardized methods. The temperatures recorded, close to that of the air, reveal the free nature of the aquifers studied which are directly influenced by the infiltration waters. Samples points S1, W1 and W2 presented concentration of nitrate above 50 mg/l (WHO standard). The consumption of their waters exposes young people to methemoglobinemia. On contrary to the recommendations of the cameroonian standard, the indicators of faecal pollution and bacteria of the genus Salmonella, were isolated in the waters analyzed. A principal component analysis as well as a dendrogram permit to classify the sampling points, according to the following increasing order of organic pollution: {S6}, (S3, S4, S5), (S1, S2), {W1}, {W2}. However, from a pathogenic point of view, S6, S3, S4, S5, are the most to be feared.Keywords: Water quality, Dug wells, spring, Yaoundé, sanitary risks.

scholarly journals Caractérisation Physico-Chimique Des Eaux Souterraines Du Socle De La Région De Zinder (Niger) Pendant La Saison Des Pluies Et La Saison Sèche

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Souley Moussa Rabilou ◽  
Malam Alma Maman Mousbahou ◽  
Mahaman Sani Laouali ◽  
Natatou Ibrahim ◽  
Issa Habou
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Eaux Souterraines ◽  
Silicate Rocks

Agriculture and livestock are the main socio-economic activities of the population of the Zinder region (Niger). However, these activities have negative impacts on groundwater quality, which is the main source of water supply for this population. In this work, the physicochemical quality of the waters of the Socle of the Zinder region was studied during the rainy and dry seasons. Twenty-four samples were the subject of a physico-chemical analysis. The data obtained were processed by the hydrochemical method by the Diagram software and the principal component analysis by the XLSTAT software. Of the waters analyzed, 83% have normal pH values (6.5 - 8.5) and 17% acid pH <6.5 during both seasons. The nitrate levels of Yekoua (62.04 and 63.36 mg.L-1), Dan Ladi (123.64 and 146.96 mg.L-1), Bourbourwa (64.65 and 80.08 mg.L -1) and Kazoé (130.68 and 124.52 mg.L-1) and fluoride of Kazoé (1.5 mg.L-1), Midik (1.6 mg.L-1) and Bourbourwa (2.98 mg.L-1) during both seasons are abnormal. Four facies characterize the analyzed waters, with a predominance of bicarbonated calci-magnesian(42%) during the rainy season, calci-magnesian bicarbonate (41.7%) and calci-magnesium chloride (41.7%) during the dry season. The residence time by hydrolysis and alteration of silicate rocks and the pluviolessivage of soils are the main mechanisms that govern the mineralization of these waters. These grades, call for remediation treatments. Clays could be promoters for this treatment because they are very available and less expensive.

scholarly journals Environmental quality evaluation of lakes in the Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina da Silva Pedrozo ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Physical And Chemical Variables ◽  
Environmental Element ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Town

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the environmental quality of Marcelino, Pinguela, Peixoto, Palmital, Malvas and Do Passo lakes, interconnected by canals and located in the district of Osório, RS. In this context, 29 physical and chemical variables were analyzed with sampling carried out in January, May, July and October 1997 to verify the environmental quality of the system and the existence of a gradient of quality. Canonical Analysis was applied to the data of all environmental variables measured, and showed that the lakes had different characteristics as a consequence of the organic pollution received. Marcelino lake received continuous input of organic matter from the sewage treatment works in the town of Osório, whereas Peixoto, Pinguela, Palmital, Malvas and Do Passo lakes resembled other water bodies described in the region, not showing, so far, signs of degradation caused by the input of effluents. Principal Component Analysis selected environmental element were directly linked to organic pollution, that reflected sequential non-recent effects of contamination.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES INFLUENCING THE QUALITY OF THYME (SATUREJA HORTENSIS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONA GHINITA CONSTANTIN ◽  
MIRELA PRAISLER ◽  
GABRIELA IORDĂCHESCU
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Satureja Hortensis ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Physico Chemical

<p>Thyme (<em>Satureja hortensis</em>) is a popular spice for food, which is also often used as a medicine for various ailments. This paper presents an artificial intelligence method applied for the objective determination of the most important physico-chemical variables affecting the quality of thyme, i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that the main properties which significantly influence the nutritional value of thyme are moisture (MOIST), dry matter content (DRYM), protein content (PROT) and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrate content (CARB). Humidity is strongly and negatively correlated with the latter three variables. The main variable that ensures the similarity between the thyme samples having the same geographical origin is the monosodium glutamate content, which generates its delicious (umami) taste.</p>

scholarly journals The quality of water of the Mantovo reservoir, Republic of Macedonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Slavevska-Stamenkovic ◽  
T. Stafilov ◽  
S. Smiljkov ◽  
M. Paunovic ◽  
S. Hristovski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the quality of water of the Mantovo Reservoir (Southeast Macedonia)based on physico-chemical parameters and the macrozoobenthos. Monthly sampling was performed during 2003 and 2004. Temperature and DO depth profile data indicate that the Mantovo Reservoir is a dimictic lake. Based on mean nutrient concentrations, the Mantovo Reservoir can be considered as being phosphorus-deficient. During the summer stratification, very high concentrations of Mn (2,819 ?g/l)and Cu (147.6?g/l)were detected in the lower profundal. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was the dominant species, which indicates the presence of organic pollution. Dominance of Chaoborus crystallinus and decline in abundance of L. hoffmeisteri in the lower profundal indicate a deterioration of environmental status in the deepest part of the lake.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Boreholes and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Action of Disinfectants Used for the Microbiological Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Henry Jacques Matita Bomoi ◽  
Gédéon Ngiala Bongo ◽  
Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana ◽  
Kola Nsimba ◽  
Nzau Matiaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
The University

Water pollution is currently at the top of the environmental agenda. In this study, the main objectives were (i) to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of well and borehole water found in the vicinity of the University of Kinshasa and (ii) to assess the sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Enterococci strains isolated from various selected water points to disinfectants used at the industrial scale (Chlorine and chlorine dioxide) or in the household (Aquatabs) for the microbiological treatment of water. Three sites having wells or boreholes were chosen for sample collection, namely: The University of Kinshasa and its vicinity (Kindele and Kemi districts). The Physico-chemical parameters were determined in situ and then in the laboratory; and concerned the following indicators: pH, conductivity and turbidity. Moreover, the bacteriological quality was assessed by detecting the presence of faecal pollution indicator bacteria (E. coli and Enterococcus sp). The susceptibility of E. coli and Enterococcus sp strains to antimicrobials generally used for the microbiological treatment of drinking water was assessed by the dilution method on agar medium. The physico-chemical analyses showed that: (i) acid pH values in the different water points under study ranging from 6.3-6.5, (ii) conductivity and turbidity values range between 28.5 and 146 NTU. The bacteriological analyses showed that the Kemi district was the only water point which exhibited contamination with fecal pollution indicator bacteria. The strains of Enterococci and E. coli isolated from that well were highly sensitive to chlorine dioxide and Aquatabs and less sensitive to chlorine while the strains of E. coli are highly sensitive to chlorine dioxide and Aquatabs compared to the strains of Enterococci. In conclusion, we can recommend to these populations, the use of these compounds for water treatment precisely Aquatabs for household.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of virgin olive oils from several Algerian olive-growing regions

OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Malika Douzane ◽  
Mohamed-Seghir Daas ◽  
Amel Meribai ◽  
Ahmed-Hani Guezil ◽  
Abdelkrim Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Virgin Olive Oils ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical

Olive cultivar diversity is rich in Algeria but most remain unexplored in terms of quality traits. This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of twenty olive oil samples belonging to four Algerian cultivars (Chemlal, Sigoise, Ronde de Miliana and Rougette de Mitidja) collected throughout the national territory. Physical-chemical and sensory results showed that 60% of the oils belong to the extra virgin category, while 40% were classified as “virgin olive oil”. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a great variability in fatty acids composition between the samples depending on the cultivar and origin. Oleic acid was the most abundant and varied between 64.84 and 80.14%. Extra virgin olive oils with quality attributes are eligible for a label. Rougette de Mitidja, Ronde de Miliana and Sigoise from Oran showed great potential.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characterisation of Groundwater Quality: Merdja Plain (Tebessa Town, Algeria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baazi Houria ◽  
Kalla Mahdi ◽  
Tebbi Fatima Zohra
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Geological Formations

The objective of this work is to evaluate the physico-chemical quality of the groundwater of the Merdja plain and to determine the sources of mineralization. This quality is influenced by several environmental and anthropogenic factors such as geological context, climate, precipitation and interaction between groundwater and aquifers and human activities.  A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on samples taken from several wells spread over the entire Tebessa plain (Merdja) allowed us to detect two axes that explain 73.4% of the information. The first axis describes the variables related to mineralisation and the second one describes those related to agricultural activity. Multidimensional Positioning (MDS) confirmed the interaction of physico-chemical parameters between them and their influence on groundwater quality by highlighting three groups of wells according to their physico-chemical characteristics, particularly those containing high concentrations of nitrates. This contamination is mainly the result of spreading the fertilisers and wastes that are dumped into the plain without treatment. Salinization is the result of long-term interactions between groundwater and geological formations.

scholarly journals Principal Component Weighted Index for Wastewater Quality Monitoring

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Praus
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Weighted Index ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Quality Indexes ◽  
Component Scores

The quality of raw and treated wastewater was evaluated using the principal component weighted index (PCWI) which was defined as a sum of principal component scores weighted according to their eigenvalues. For this purpose, five principal components (PCs) explaining 88% and 83% of the total variability of raw and treated wastewater samples, respectively, were extracted from 11 original physico-chemical parameters by robust principal component analysis (PCA). The PCWIs of raw and treated wastewater were analyzed in terms of their statistical distributions, temporal changes, mutual correlations, correlations with original parameters, and common water quality indexes (WQI). The PCWI allowed us to monitor temporal wastewater quality by one parameter instead of several. Unlike other weighted indexes, the PCWI is composed of independent variables with minimal information noise and objectively determined weights.

scholarly journals Surveillance of bacteriological quality of drinking water in Chandigarh, northern India

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen K. Goel ◽  
Rambha Pathak ◽  
Sangeeta Gulati ◽  
S. Balakrishnan ◽  
Navpreet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Bacteriological Quality

The study was carried out in Chandigarh, India with the following objectives: (1) to monitor the bacteriological quality of drinking water; (2) to collect data on bacteriological contamination of water collected at point of use; (3) to test both groundwater being supplied through hand pumps and pre-treated water; and (4) to determine the pattern of seasonal variations in quality of water. The community-based longitudinal study was carried out from 2002 to 2007. Water samples from hand pumps and tap water were collected from different areas of Chandigarh following a simple random sampling strategy. The time trends and seasonal variations in contamination of water according to area and season were analysed. It was found that the contamination of water was higher during the pre-monsoon period compared with the rest of the year. The water being used in slums and rural areas for drinking purposes also had higher contamination levels than urban areas, with highest levels in rural areas. This study found that drinking water supply in Chandigarh is susceptible to contamination especially in rural areas and during pre-monsoon. Active intervention from public health and the health department along with raising people's awareness regarding water hygiene are required for improving the quality of drinking water.

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