scholarly journals Accidental Poisoning with Nerium Oleander in Goat dairy in the Santiago Metropolitan Region in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (39) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Carlos Andrés Flores Olivares ◽  
Cristina Andrea Moraga Muñoz ◽  
Francisco López Eldredge ◽  
Javiera Isabel Pinto Morales ◽  
Lía Alejandra Navarrete Figueroa ◽  
...  

A small dairy goat farm in central Chile stocked their troughs with ornamental plants and grasses, which were obtained after pruning the gardens of neighboring sectors. Twelve hours after the goats ingested this food, the farm registered a death toll of eight goats, all of which were adult females in their productive stage, before entering the milking parlor. The mortality episode lasted 84 hours and produced mortality and morbidity values of 48 and 54 percent, respectively (n = 52). During a visit to the farm, clinic inspections, autopsies, and sample tissues were obtained for microscopic analysis (the tissues specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde solution). The clinic inspection and microscopic analysis both confirmed that the animals had cardiovascular disease. The lesions were compatible with those produced by cardiac glycosides. During the site visit, Nerium oleander was found in the troughs, which suggested that the animals were poisoned by eating this plant. There was a high presence of this plant in the poisoned area, and it was not associated with the mortality episode before the on-site visit, which indicates that the authors should conduct training and inform producers about the handling and feeding of their animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Ko ◽  
Trojan Rugira ◽  
Hana Jin ◽  
Sang Park ◽  
Hye Kim

The cardiac glycosides oleandrin and odoroside A, polyphenolic monomer compounds extracted from Nerium oleander, have been found to have antitumor effects on various tumors at low doses. However, the mechanisms of anticancer effects of oleandrin and odoroside A are not well known. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of oleandrin and odoroside A and their associated mechanisms in highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results showed that oleandrin and odoroside A dose-dependently decreased the colony formation and the invasion of both cell lines at nanomolar ranges. Furthermore, oleandrin (50 nM) and odoroside A (100 nM) reduced octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4) and β-catenin levels and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. Finally, we found that phospho-STAT-3 levels were increased in MDA-MB-231 and RT-R-MDA-MB-231, but not in endothelial cells (ECs), and that the levels were significantly decreased by oleandrin (50 nM) and odoroside A (100 nM). Inhibition of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 significantly reduced OCT3/4 and β-catenin levels and MMP-9 activity, ultimately resulting in reduced invasion. These results suggest that the anticancer effects of oleandrin and odoroside A might be due to the inhibition of invasion through of phospho-STAT-3-mediated pathways that are involved in the regulation of invasion-related molecules.


2019 ◽  
pp. 13-18

CARACTERES EPIDÉRMICOS FOLIARES DE PLANTAS ORNAMENTALES, TÓXICAS PARA ANIMALES DOMÉSTICOS. LEAF EPIDERMAL CHARACTERS OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, TOXIC FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Patricia Nasca de Zamora DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2009.0003/ RESUMEN El tejido epidérmico de los vegetales presenta un diseño característico para cada especie, de manera que muchas plantas pueden reconocerse a través de su estudio microscópico. Además, este tejido resiste el pasaje por el tracto digestivo de los animales, permaneciendo prácticamente inalterable. Basados en este hecho, los investigadores Baungartder y Martin (1939) idearon la técnica microhistológica, que consiste en estudiar la composición botánica de la dieta de animales herbívoros a través del análisis microscópico de fragmentos de epidermis vegetales encontrados en la materia fecal de los mismos. A lo largo de los años, el uso de esta técnica se extendió ampliamente, adaptándose a diferentes objetivos, tanto ecológicos como económicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo, que se llevó a cabo en la provincia de Tucumán, República Argentina, es describir las epidermis foliares de cuatro especies ornamentales tóxicas, a fin de aportar datos para la confección de una clave dicotómica de identificación de las mismas, para ser usada como elemento de diagnóstico en medicina veterinaria. Se extrajeron en laboratorio - con diversas técnicas - epidermis foliares de Evonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, Ficus benjamina y Vinca difformis; especies ornamentales citadas como tóxicas en la bibliografía veterinaria y cultivadas habitualmente en jardines particulares y espacios públicos de la Provincia. Se confeccionaron preparados microscópicos permanentes, se tomaron registros fotográficos y se describieron las características epidérmicas de cada especie, teniendo en cuenta la forma de las células, la presencia o ausencia de estomas, presencia de tricomas, tipos de estomas, tipos de tricomas, etc. Hedera helix y Vinca difformis presentan células epidérmicas de contorno lobulado, mientras que las células epidérmicas de Evonymus japonicus. y Ficus benjamina son isodiamétricas y poligonales. Las cuatro especies descriptas presentan estomas sólo en la zona internerval de la cara abaxial de sus hojas. Se encontraron tricomas simples solamente en la zona nerval de la epidermis adaxial de Vinca difformis, las demás epidermis son completamente glabras. Los caracteres encontrados en las especies estudiadas y volcados en las descripciones, constituyen un aporte de utilidad para la confección de una clave dicotómica de indentificación de estas plantas tóxicas a través de sus epidermis. Palabras clave: epidermis foliar, plantas ornamentales, tóxicas, medicina veterinaria. ABSTRACT The epidermal tissue of the vegetables presents a typical design for every species so that many plants can be recognized across its microscopic study. In addition, it resists the passage for the digestive tract of the animals, remaining practically inalterable. Based on this fact, Baungartder and Martin (1939) designed the microhistological technique, which consists of studying botanical composition of diet of herbivorous animals across the microscopic analysis of plant´s epidermis fragments found in the fecal matter. Throughout the years, the use of this technique spread widely, adapting to different aims, both ecological and economic. The aim of the present work, realized in Tucumán's province, Argentina, is to characterize epidermis of ornamental, toxic plants for domestic animals, in order to be used as element of diagnosis in veterinary medicine. Epidermis of Evonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, Ficus benjamina and Vinca difformis were extracted in laboratory. All of them are ornamental species, mentioned like toxic in the bibliography veterinary and cultivated habitually in particular gardens and public spaces of the Province. They were made prepared microscopic permanent, photographic records took and there were described the epidermal characteristics of every species, bearing in mind the form of the cells, the presence or absence of stomata and trichomes, and types of stomata and trichomes. Hedera helix and Vinca difformis present lobulated epidermal cells, whereas Evonymus japonicus and Ficus benjamina ones are isodiametrics and polygonal. Four species present stomata only in the internerval zone of abaxial epidermis. They were trichomes only in the nerval zone of adaxial epidermis of Vinca difformis. The epidermal characters found in the studied species, constitute an usefull contribution for the confection of a dichotomous indentification key of these toxic plants. Keywords: epidermis, ornamental toxic plants, veterinary medicine.


Author(s):  
Aitor Cevidanes ◽  
Sophia Di Cataldo ◽  
Catalina Muñoz-San Martín ◽  
Claudia Hernández ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) comprises a relevant and globally distributed group of disease agents. The aim of this study is to determine de co-occurrence of the most relevant CVBP of veterinary and zoonotic interest, in free-ranging, owned, rural dogs of central Chile, and to evaluate risk factors and potential “hidden” hematological alterations associated to pathogen co-infection by two or more pathogens.Methods: Nine groups of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) were molecularly investigated in 111 free-ranging, owned rural dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 75% of the dogs. The most prevalent agent was Anaplasma platys (36%), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp; 31%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc; 28%), Trypanosoma cruzi (17%), Leishmania spp. (4.5%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (1%). DNA of Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Piroplasmida and Hepatozoon spp. was not detected. Thirty-eight dogs (34%) were coinfected, either by two (n=20), three (n=7), or four agents (n=1). The most common co-infection pattern was CMhp – Mhc (n=14). CMhp was involved in 71%, Mhc in 58%, and A. platys in 50% of the co-infections. Prevalence of A. platys was higher in juvenile than in adult dogs, whereas the opposite was found for CMhp and Mhc. Adult dogs had five times more probabilities of being coinfected than young animals. Dogs positive for A. platys were infested by a larger number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks than uninfected individuals. At clinical evaluation, most of the animals were considered healthy, with only eight dogs (7%) presenting pale mucous membranes. Co-infected animals showed higher white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count and GGT levels than non-co-infected dogs. Conclusions: This study represents the first report of Leishmania sp. in Chile. Clinically healthy but infected dogs as those studied here may act as reservoirs of CVBP, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens to other tick-exposed dogs as well as human beings or protected wild carnivores.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Carla Camplesi ◽  
Carolina Bellodi ◽  
José Javier Mesa Socha ◽  
Mário Roberto Hatayde ◽  
Márcia Ferreira da Rosa Sobreira ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Nerium oleander is distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. These shrubs are frequently used as ornamental plants. However, they contain more than 30 cardiac glycosides that can cause serious toxic effects in dogs. The objective of this study was to report the clinical and electrocardiographic alterations in dogs experimentally poisoned with N. oleander. Ten adult, healthy, mixed-breed dogs weighing 10-25kg and aged 3-6 years were selected for the study. We orally administered 0.25g kg-1 of fresh ground leaves of N. oleander to the dogs. No dog died after the ingestion, but all exhibited signs of poisoning such as vomiting, sialorrhea, nausea, apathy, conjunctiva congestion, dehydration, abdominal pain, tremors, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and tenesmus. Electrocardiogram revealed occurrence of several types of arrhythmias: sinus bradycardia, second-degree atrioventricular block, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature complexes. Systolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate, decreased in the first 24 hours. The present study concluded that a single dose of 0.25g kg-1 of N. oleander green leaves is sufficient to cause a moderate intoxication in dogs, with nonspecific clinical changes mainly related to the digestive system and heart rate, thus demonstrating the importance of this type of intoxication in the list of differential diagnoses of small animals routine.


2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevart Chirinian ◽  
Atsuko Uji ◽  
Tetsuya Isayama ◽  
Vibhuti Shah

This article presents an overview of a neonatal intensive care unit along with resuscitative care and management of the 22 to 23 weeks gestational age infant is as it was noted during a visit to the NICU of a large academic center in Japan.Non-English speaking neonatology communities may be at a disadvantage of having their research and practices well known in the English speaking ones. Thus, visits such as this are beneficial in exchanging ideas and practices that may ultimately be mutually beneficial in reducing mortality and morbidity in a specific category of neonates.


Author(s):  
Abiche Ekalu ◽  
Rachael Gbekele-Oluwa Ayo ◽  
Habila D. James ◽  
Ibrahim Hamisu

This review aims at studying the phytochemistry and biological activities of some selected Apocynaceae plants. Eleven members of this family were reviewed for their phytochemistry and biological activities. Interestingly, the commonly isolated compounds reported from Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels, Secondatia floribunda A. DC, Carissa carandas, Tabernaemontana divaricate, Nerium oleander, Wrightia tinctoria, T. divaricate, Alstonia scholaris, Carrisa spinarum Linn, Thevetia peruviana and Caralluma lasiantha were triterpenoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, cardiac glycosides and lignans. All of them exhibited remarkable biological activities, mostly similar to each other. This review provides a detailed insight into the pharmacological activities of these selected members of this family.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kauê Francisco Corrêa Souza e Souza ◽  
Bianca Portugal Tavares Moraes ◽  
Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão ◽  
Patrícia Burth ◽  
Adriana Ribeiro Silva ◽  
...  

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), identified for the first time in Wuhan, China, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which moved from epidemic status to becoming a pandemic. Since its discovery in December 2019, there have been countless cases of mortality and morbidity due to this virus. Several compounds such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and remdesivir have been tested as potential therapies; however, no effective treatment is currently recommended by regulatory agencies. Some studies on respiratory non-enveloped viruses such as adenoviruses and rhinovirus and some respiratory enveloped viruses including human respiratory syncytial viruses, influenza A, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have shown the antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides, correlating their effect with Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) modulation. Cardiac glycosides are secondary metabolites used to treat patients with cardiac insufficiency because they are the most potent inotropic agents. The effects of cardiac glycosides on NKA are dependent on cell type, exposure time, and drug concentration. They may also cause blockage of Na+ and K+ ionic transport or trigger signaling pathways. The antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides is related to cell signaling activation through NKA inhibition. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) seems to be an essential transcription factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. NFκB inhibition by cardiac glycosides interferes directly with SARS-CoV-2 yield and inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly, the antiviral effect of cardiac glycosides is associated with tyrosine kinase (Src) activation, and NFκB appears to be regulated by Src. Src is one of the main signaling targets of the NKA α-subunit, modulating other signaling factors that may also impair viral infection. These data suggest that Src-NFκB signaling modulated by NKA plays a crucial role in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we discuss the antiviral effects of cardiac glycosides on different respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 pathology, cell signaling pathways, and NKA as a possible molecular target for the treatment of COVID-19.


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