scholarly journals Implementación de las normas ATEX en el contexto de la actividad minera en Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Mishell Jaramillo-Urrego ◽  
Jorge Martín Molina-Escobar ◽  
Javier García-Torrent ◽  
Ljiljana Medic-Pejic
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Safety Code ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
International Mine ◽  
Mining Safety ◽  
Mandatory Adoption

Mining in Colombia is regulated by the Mining Safety Code and although it had not been updated since 1987, the references of safety that has owned were based on international standards. However, these do not have a mandatory adoption and Decree 1886/15, despite its strong component in occupational safety and health, continues to show a rough technical content that could consent the extension of mining disasters associated with explosions in Colombia. The article specifies the international mine safety regulations and shows a critical analysis before the absence of its applicability in the country. Although the national outlook is discouraging because of the lack of rigor from governmental entities in enforcement, mining in other countries has reported improvements in safety by implementing standards that ensure quality operations and procedures, machinery and human resources, decreasing mining disasters.

The Roles of Government in Protecting and Promoting Occupational and Environmental Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Wagner ◽  
Emily A. Spieler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Regulatory Interventions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

This chapter discusses the roles of government in promoting occupational and environmental health, with a focus on the U.S. federal government. Governmental interventions, as described here, can range from non-regulatory interventions, such as dissemination of information or generation and communication of information, to establishing regulatory requirements through the promulgation and enforcement of standards and regulations. The chapter describes the U.S. laws and roles of the administrative agencies responsible for occupational and environmental health, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Mine Safety and Health Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Noting the budgetary and political constraints on these federal agencies, the chapter goes on to discuss briefly the role of the public and the states. The government also plays a role when preventive efforts fail, and the chapter provides a brief summary of programs designed to provide compensation to injured workers.

Can Government Regulate Safety? The Coal Mine Example

1980 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Lewis-Beck ◽  
John R. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Mining Safety

With the 1970 passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), federal regulation reached the American workplace. Given the newness of the legislation, any firm conclusion on its effectiveness seems premature. However, there is ample evidence on federal safety regulation of a specific workplace: the coal mine. The federal government has been directly involved in coal mining safety for over 35 years, operating under three major pieces of legislation, enacted in 1941, 1952, and 1969. Opposing opinions regarding the effect of this legislation can be grouped into three categories: radical, reactionary, and reformer. A multiple interrupted time-series analysis indicates that, in fact, the 1941 and 1969 regulations significantly reduced the fatality rate in coal mining. Certain conditions seem related to the effectiveness of this safety legislation: birth order, provisions, enforcement, target population, and goals. The first two conditions would appear to work for the success of the OSHA, the latter three conditions to work against it.

scholarly journals Letter to the Editor: License Portability for Occupational Audiologists is Essential

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
George R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Hearing Conservation ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
State Programs ◽  
The Cost

Occupational audiologists have a crisis in their profession and need advocates. These audiologists are primarily responsible for industrial hearing conservation programs and their compliance with multiple regulations, such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and the Federal Railroad Administration.  Occupational hearing programs, for the most part, are multi-state programs as companies and corporations are national organizations. Also, companies may contract services across state lines as local services may not be desired or available. Individual state telepractice regulations require audiologists who are professionally supervising these programs via the internet and phone, to secure licensure in each state. For this licensure redundancy, the cost in time and tracking are enormous.  It is imperative that the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), secure multistate licensure for speech-language pathologists and audiologists. For the profession of occupational audiology, it is essential.Keywords: Licensure, Occupational audiologists, Telehealth, Telepractice

On Miner's Location in Underground Mines

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
A.V. Novikov ◽  
K.V. Panevnikov ◽  
I.V. Pisarev
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Mining Safety ◽  
Safety Systems

To ensure industrial and mining safety the established safety rules for coal mines envisage the use of a number of complexes and systems, combined into multifunctional safety systems. These automated systems provide for people to be involved in the management of technological processes. The purpose of this paper is to assess how the coal mine safety requirements are aligned with other regulatory documents as they apply to modern safety systems in coal mines. To achieve this goal, the personnel location (positioning) and emergency alert systems in coal mine workings are analyzed for compliance with the requirements of the national standard for multifunctional safety systems in coal mines. It is shown that the current requirements for positioning systems are met by systems that have high accuracy in determining the location coordinates of people. It is suggested that positioning systems of the zonal type should be either upgraded to increase the number of readout devices to bring them up to the requirements of safety regulations in coal mines or replaced.

Gradient Analysis on Occupational Safety in Mine and Economic and Social Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3107-3111
Author(s):  
Zhong An Jiang ◽  
Lan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Mining Safety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic And Social Indicators

In order to explore the effect of macroeconomic policies on mine safety, selecting data of 36 economic and social indicators and occupational safety indicators in mining industry in recent 15 years. Then, based on the analysis of the traditional growth rate, processing dimensionless and benchmark correlation of data, the Average weights rank of economic and social indicators relative to the mining safety could finally be got. The advantage of gradient analysis is dropping the dimension interference of data, and using three progressive connective gradients to get the relationship between occupational safety indexes and economic and social indicators. Results of the analysis were also provided some references for the improvement of macroeconomic policy.

scholarly journals Underground Mine Refuge Alternatives Heat Mitigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincan Yan ◽  
David Yantek ◽  
Timothy Lutz ◽  
Jeffrey Yonkey ◽  
Justin Srednicki
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract In case of an emergency in an underground coal mine, miners who fail to escape from the mine can enter a refuge alternative (RA) for protection from adverse conditions, such as high carbon monoxide levels. One of the main concerns with the use of both portable and built-in-place (BIP) RAs, especially for hot or deep mines, is the interior temperature rise due to the occupants' metabolic heat and the heat released by devices such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubbing system. The humidity within the RA will also increase through occupants' respiration and perspiration and from the chemical reaction within the CO2 scrubbing system. Heat and humidity buildup can subject the occupants to hazardous thermal conditions. To protect RA occupants, Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations mandate a maximum apparent temperature of 95 °F within an occupied RA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) tested both an air-conditioned borehole air supply (BAS) and a cryogenic air supply for RAs in the NIOSH Experimental Mine in Bruceton, PA. The BAS was tested on a 60-person BIP RA, while the cryogenic air supply was tested on a 30-person BIP RA and a portable 23-person tent-type RA. Multiple tests were conducted with both air supplies to assess their ability to cool RAs. The test results show that the BAS and the cryogenic air supply were able to maintain the apparent temperature within the tested RAs under the 95 °F limit. The BAS and the cryogenic air supply are potential RA heat mitigation strategies that mines could use to prevent heat/humidity buildup within RAs.

In-Mine Experimental Investigation of Temperature Rise and Development of a Validated Thermal Simulation Model of a Mobile Refuge Alternative

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincan Yan ◽  
David Yantek ◽  
Pete Bissert ◽  
Mark Klein
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Thermal Simulation ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Safety And Health

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) regulations require underground coal mines to use refuge alternatives (RAs) to provide a breathable air environment for 96 hrs. One of the main concerns with the use of mobile RAs is the heat and humidity buildup inside the RA. The accumulation of heat and humidity can result in miners suffering heat stress or even death. To investigate this issue, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted testing on a training ten-person, tent-type, RA in its Safety Research Coal Mine (SRCM) in a test area that was isolated from the mine ventilation system. The test results using sensible and latent heat showed that the average measured air temperature within the RA increased by 20.6°F (11.4°C) and the relative humidity approached 90 %RH. The test results were used to benchmark a thermal simulation model of the tested RA. The validated thermal simulation model predicted the average air temperature inside the RA, at the end of 96 hours, to within 1°F (0.6°C) of the measured average air temperature.

Interior Thermal Environment of a 6-Person Metal-Type Refuge Alternative (RA)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincan Yan ◽  
David Yantek ◽  
Mark Klein ◽  
Peter Bissert
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Metal Type ◽  
Final Rule

In 2008, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) published a final rule on Refuge Alternatives (RAs) for Underground Coal Mines [1]. The rule states that RAs should be “capable of sustaining trapped miners for 96 hours” and that RAs “can also be used to facilitate escape by sustaining trapped miners until they receive communications regarding escape options.” One of the main concerns with the use of RAs is heat and humidity buildup inside of them. The accumulation of heat and humidity could result in miners suffering heat stress or even death. MSHA regulations require that the apparent temperature in an occupied RA must not exceed 95°F. To investigate the thermal issues for occupied RAs, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted several tests on mobile RAs. In this paper, the test setup on a 6-person metal-type RA is described and the test results are presented. The test results show that the average measured air temperature within the RA increased by 9.0°C (16°F) and the relative humidity (RH) approached 91 %RH at the end of the 96-hour test. The test results were also compared to predictions from a thermal simulation model of the tested RA. The model predicted the average air temperature inside the RA at the end of 96 hours to within 0.4°C (0.8°F) of the average measured air temperature. Furthermore, two sets of test data with different heat inputs were used to cross-check the model validity.

A Short History of Occupational Safety and Health in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-628
Author(s):  
David Rosner ◽  
Gerald Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Short History ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

As this short history of occupational safety and health before and after establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) clearly demonstrates, labor has always recognized perils in the workplace, and as a result, workers’ safety and health have played an essential part of the battles for shorter hours, higher wages, and better working conditions. OSHA’s history is an intimate part of a long struggle over the rights of working people to a safe and healthy workplace. In the early decades, strikes over working conditions multiplied. The New Deal profoundly increased the role of the federal government in the field of occupational safety and health. In the 1960s, unions helped mobilize hundreds of thousands of workers and their unions to push for federal legislation that ultimately resulted in the passage of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. From the 1970s onward, industry developed a variety of tactics to undercut OSHA. Industry argued over what constituted good science, shifted the debate from health to economic costs, and challenged all statements considered damaging.

scholarly journals Pneumoconiosis progression patterns in US coal miner participants of a job transfer programme designed to prevent progression of disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Noemi B Hall ◽  
David J Blackley ◽  
Cara N Halldin ◽  
A Scott Laney
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Job Transfer ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
The One

ObjectivesPneumoconiosis prevalence and severity among US coal miners has been increasing for the past 20 years. An examination of the current approaches to primary and secondary prevention efforts is warranted. One method of secondary prevention is the Mine Safety and Health Administration-administered part 90 option programme where US coal miners with radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis can exercise their right to be placed in a less dusty area of the mine. This study focuses on characterising the progression of disease among US coal miners who participated in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-administered Coal Workers’ Health Surveillance Programme (CWHSP) and exercised their part 90 job transfer option.MethodsChest radiograph classifications of working underground coal miners who exercised their part 90 job transfer option during 1 January 1986 to 21 November 2016 and participated in the CWHSP during 1 January 1981 to 19 March 2019 were analysed.Results513 miners exercised their part 90 option and participated in the CWHSP at least once during this time period. Of the 149 miners with ≥2 radiographs available, 48 (32%) showed progression after exercising part 90 and had more severe disease prior to exercising, compared with miners who did not progress (severity score of 2.8 vs 1.7, p=0.0002).ConclusionThe part 90 job transfer option programme is not routinely used as intended to prevent progression of pneumoconiosis among US coal miners. The one-third of miners who participated in part 90 and continued to progress, exercised their part 90 option at a later stage of disease compared with non-progressors.

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