scholarly journals Pathological Lesions in Chicken Embryo Caused by Newly Virulent Isolate of Newcastle Disease Virus (LESI PATOLOGIS PADA EMBRIO AYAM YANG DISEBABKAN ISOLAT VIRUS PENYAKIT TETELO TERBARU YANG VIRULEN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
I Gede Hendra Prasetya Wicaksana ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi ◽  
I Made Kardena
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

Newcastle disease is a pathogenic viral disease in poultry which is infectious and can cause massive economic losses. The disease is still endemic in Indonesia. To understand the pathogenesis and the distribution pattern of the virus in the tissues, pathological observation was evaluated using newly virulent isolate Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that was inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs. As many as seven embryonic chicken eggs aged 11 days and specific antibody negative against Newcastle disease, divided into two categories: inoculated with phosphate buffer saline and inoculated with isolates. Then the allantois fluid was tested using hemagglutination assay and hemagglutination inhibition tests to prove the infection serologically. The hearts, lungs, livers and small intestines of the inoculated products were collected and followed with the process of histopathological preparation using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stain. The pathological analysis showed that all organs had necrosis, hemorrhages, inflammation, and congestion. Congestion and hemorrhages in the hearts only occurred at 60% of the samples. However, necrosis, hemorrhages, and inflammation that were observed in liver occurred at 60%, 40% and 60% of the samples, respectively. Furthermore, the hearts were edema, thinner in the heart muscle fibers; while in the lungs, proliferation of pneumocyte type II was founded. Our finding provided valuable insight into the pathology of a virulent isolate of NDV which is dominated by blood circulation disorders with necrosis and inflammation in the chicken’s embryos and have important implication for the future studies.

scholarly journals Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Is a Determinant of Host Range Restriction

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 9522-9532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Seong Park ◽  
Adolfo García-Sastre ◽  
Jerome F. Cros ◽  
Christopher F. Basler ◽  
Peter Palese
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Range Restriction ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Host Range Restriction ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

ABSTRACT It has been demonstrated that the V protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) functions as an alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) antagonist (M. S. Park, M. L. Shaw, J. Muñoz-Jordan, J. F. Cros, T. Nakaya, N. Bouvier, P. Palese, A. García-Sastre, and C. F. Basler, J. Virol. 77:1501-1511, 2003). We now show that the NDV V protein plays an important role in host range restriction. In order to study V functions in vivo, recombinant NDV (rNDV) mutants, defective in the expression of the V protein, were generated. These rNDV mutants grow poorly in both embryonated chicken eggs and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) compared to the wild-type (wt) rNDV. However, insertion of the NS1 gene of influenza virus A/PR8/34 into the NDV V(−) genome [rNDV V(−)/NS1] restores impaired growth to wt levels in embryonated chicken eggs and CEFs. These data indicate that for viruses infecting avian cells, the NDV V protein and the influenza NS1 protein are functionally interchangeable, even though there are no sequence similarities between the two proteins. Interestingly, in human cells, the titer of wt rNDV is 10 times lower than that of rNDV V(−)/NS1. Correspondingly, the level of IFN secreted by human cells infected with wt rNDV is much higher than that secreted by cells infected with the NS1-expressing rNDV. This suggests that the IFN antagonist activity of the NDV V protein is species specific. Finally, the NDV V protein plays an important role in preventing apoptosis in a species-specific manner. The rNDV defective in V induces apoptotic cell death more rapidly in CEFs than does wt rNDV. Taken together, these data suggest that the host range of NDV is limited by the ability of its V protein to efficiently prevent innate host defenses, such as the IFN response and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as vaccine candidate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weina Sun ◽  
Sarah R. Leist ◽  
Stephen McCroskery ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Stefan Slamanig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

AbstractDue to the lack of protective immunity of humans towards the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, this virus has caused a massive pandemic across the world resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. Thus, a vaccine is urgently needed to contain the spread of the virus. Here, we describe Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector vaccines expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in its wild type or a pre-fusion membrane anchored format. All described NDV vector vaccines grow to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs. In a proof of principle mouse study, we report that the NDV vector vaccines elicit high levels of antibodies that are neutralizing when the vaccine is given intramuscularly. Importantly, these COVID-19 vaccine candidates protect mice from a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 challenge with no detectable viral titer and viral antigen in the lungs.Research in contextEvidence before this studyThe spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 is the major antigen that notably induces neutralizing antibodies to block viral entry. Many COVID-19 vaccines are under development, among them viral vectors expressing the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit many benefits. Viral vector vaccines have the potential of being used as both live or inactivated vaccines and they can induce Th1 and Th2-based immune responses following different immunization regimens. Additionally, viral vector vaccines can be handled under BSL-2 conditions and they grow to high titers in cell cultures or other species restricted-hosts. For a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, several viral vectors are being tested, such as adenovirus, measles virus and Modified vaccinia Ankara.Added value of this studyThe NDV vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 described in this study has advantages similar to those of other viral vector vaccines. But the NDV vector can be amplified in embryonated chicken eggs, which allows for high yields and low costs per dose. Also, the NDV vector is not a human pathogen, therefore the delivery of the foreign antigen would not be compromised by any pre-existing immunity in humans. Finally, NDV has a very good safety record in humans, as it has been used in many oncolytic virus trials. This study provides an important option for a cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Implications of all the available evidenceThis study informs of the value of a viral vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, for this NDV based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the existing egg-based influenza virus vaccine manufactures in the U.S. and worldwide would have the capacity to rapidly produce hundreds of millions of doses to mitigate the consequences of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Thymic transcriptome analysis after Newcastle disease virus inoculation in chickens and the influence of host small RNAs on NDV replication

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangxing Guo ◽  
Zhaokun Mu ◽  
Furong Nie ◽  
Xuanniu Chang ◽  
Haitao Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Chicken Thymus ◽  
Innate Immune Genes

AbstractNewcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a contagious viral disease affecting various birds and poultry worldwide. In this project, differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were identified by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in chicken thymus at 24, 48, 72 or 96 h post LaSota NDV vaccine injection versus pre-inoculation group. The vital terms or pathways enriched by vaccine-influenced genes were tested through KEGG and GO analysis. DE genes implicated in innate immunity were preliminarily screened out through GO, InnateDB and Reactome Pathway databases. The interaction networks of DE innate immune genes were established by STRING website. Considering the high expression of gga-miR-6631-5p across all the four time points, DE circRNAs or mRNAs with the possibility to bind to gga-miR-6631-5p were screened out. Among DE genes that had the probability to interact with gga-miR-6631-5p, 7 genes were found to be related to innate immunity. Furthermore, gga-miR-6631-5p promoted LaSota NDV replication by targeting insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1) in DF-1 chicken fibroblast cells. Taken together, our data provided the comprehensive information about molecular responses to NDV LaSota vaccine in Chinese Partridge Shank Chickens and elucidated the vital roles of gga-miR-6631-5p/INSIG1 axis in LaSota NDV replication.

scholarly journals Evaluation of immunity and protection in chicken administered a developed vaccine against predominant Middle Eastern strains of genotypes VI and VII of velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soonham Sami Yaghmoor` ◽  
Taha Abdullah Kumosani ◽  
Elie Kamil Barbour ◽  
Othman Abubaker Baothman
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bivalent Vaccine ◽  
Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
H Protein

Abstract Background The velogenic-Newcastle Disease Virus (v-NDV) causes an important disease in chicken, associated with serious economic losses to the global poultry industry. This research evaluated the immunity in broilers administered a developed bivalent vaccine, aiming at protection against predominant Middle Eastern strains of genotypes VI and VII of v-NDV. The completely randomized design implemented in this evaluation included eight treatments, differing in birds being administered or deprived of the developed vaccine, with a difference in type of challenge, either by v-NDV strain(s) of genotype VI, VII, or both. Vaccination was administered subcutaneously at 6 and 21 d of age, followed by an intra-pectoral challenge at the age of 28 d. Results The acquired humoral immunity by vaccinated and challenged birds to Hemagglutinin (H) protein was the highest at market age of 40 d, compared to challenged birds deprived of vaccination, and to vaccinates deprived of challenge (P<0.05). The same statistical difference pattern was obtained by the cell-mediated immunity (CMI), represented by birds’ level of serum IFN- γ . The type of challenge by either strain(s) of genotype VI, VII, or VI+VII did affect statistically the cross reactivity of acquired humoral immunity specific to H protein of homologous versus heterologous strains. The absence of humoral immunity and the low IFN- γ levels at 28 d of age in challenged birds deprived of vaccination lead to highest mortality, and lowest performance compared to vaccinates and challenged, vaccinates and deprived of challenge, and unvaccinated-unchallenged birds (P<0.05). Conclusions The developed bivalent vaccine was able to induce enough humoral and CMI responses, enabling protection of the broilers against production losses by each of the three types of v-NDV challenges. It is recommended to conduct future studies to evaluate such types of vaccines in chicken breeders and commercial layers, reared in various world’s zones with existing endemicity of v-NDV.

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