scholarly journals UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM AND HEXACO TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF RISK PERCEPTION AND COMPLIANCE WITH COVID-19 PREVENTIVE MEASURES DURING THE FIRST WAVE OF PANDEMIC

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-425
Author(s):  
Milan Oljača ◽  
Selka Sadiković ◽  
Bojan Branovački ◽  
Dejan Pajić ◽  
Snežana Smederevac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Unrealistic Optimism ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
T1 And T2

The aims of this study were to examine possible differences and factors that contribute to risk perception and compliance with preventive measures at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 423 participants (M = 30.29, SD = 14.45; 69% female). Compliance, risk perception and trust in information were significantly higher in T1 than T2. For risk perception, significant predictors in both T1 and T2 were age, Emotionality (HEXACO-PI-R) and Unrealistic Optimism (NLE, Negative Life Events). Trust in information was a significant predictor in T1, while Unrealistic Optimism (Positive Life Events) was a significant predictor in T2. For compliance, significant predictors in T1 were gender and trust in information while in T2 were Emotionality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness (HEXACO-PI-R), NLE and trust in information, for both T1 and T2. In general, findings suggest a much more pronounced role of personality traits in adherence to protective measures at the end than at the beginning of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia. Also, the results indicate the role of unrealistic optimism regarding negative life events in lower compliance with protective measures.

scholarly journals Unrealistic optimism and HEXACO traits as predictors of risk perception and compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Oljača ◽  
Selka Sadiković ◽  
Bojan Branovacki ◽  
Dejan Pajić ◽  
Snežana Smederevac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Unrealistic Optimism ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
T1 And T2

The aims of this study were to examine possible differences and factors that contribute to risk perception and compliance with preventive measures at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 423 participants (M = 30.29, SD = 14.45; 69% female). Compliance, risk perception and trust in information were significantly higher in T1 than T2. For risk perception, significant predictors in both T1 and T2 were age, Emotionality (HEXACO-PI-R), and Unrealistic Optimism (NLE, Negative Life Events). Trust in information was a significant predictor in T1, while Unrealistic Optimism (Positive Life Events) was a significant predictor in T2. For compliance, significant predictors in T1 were gender and trust in information while in T2 were Emotionality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness (HEXACO-PI-R), NLE and trust in information, for both T1 and T2. In general, findings suggest a much more pronounced role of personality traits in adherence to protective measures at the end than at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia. Also, the results indicate the role of unrealistic optimism regarding negative life events in lower compliance with protective measures.

Personality, Life Events and the Course of Anxiety and Depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Spinhoven ◽  
Karin Roelofs ◽  
Jacqueline GFM Hovens ◽  
Bernet M Elzinga ◽  
Patricia van Oppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, we examined among 1322 participants with a DSM–IV diagnosis of depression or anxiety: (i) whether positive and negative life events influence 1–year course of anxiety and depressive symptoms; (ii) whether personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) predict symptom course and moderate the impact of life events on symptom course; and (iii) whether life events mediate relationships of neuroticism and extraversion with symptom course. Negative life events were predictive of both anxiety and depressive symptoms, while positive life events predicted the course of depressive symptoms only. Personality traits had significant predictive and moderating effects on symptom course, though these effects were rather small. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Intellectual Investment, Dopaminergic Gene Variation, and Life Events: A Critical Examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
Anja Strobel ◽  
Sören Enge ◽  
Monika Fleischhauer ◽  
Andreas Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

AbstractNeed for Cognition (NFC) and Openness to Ideas are intellectual investment traits that are characterized by a tendency to seek out, engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activity. Little, however, is known about the extent to which they are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. With the present contribution, we aim at furthering our knowledge on the mechanisms underlying intellectual investment traits by following-up on a recent investigation of the role of dopaminergic gene variation in intellectual investment. Employing a standard approach that relied on null-hypothesis significance testing, we found that, first, two dopaminergic genetic variants interacted in modulating individual differences in NFC, but not in Openness to Ideas; that, second, negative life events played a role in the modulation of Openness to Ideas, but not of NFC; and that, third, negative life events as assessed using another measure were only marginally related to Openness to Ideas while positive life events were associated with both Openness to Ideas and NFC, with the latter effect being also dependent on DRD4 exon III genotype. However, employing a Bayesian approach, the assumption of a genetic effect on investment traits was overall not supported, while the assumption of a role of positive life events in the modulation of investment traits could be confirmed, with a tentative increment in the prediction of NFC by adding an interaction of positive life events and DRD4 variation to the main effect of positive life events. Our findings underscore the importance to use different approaches in the field of personality neuroscience. To gain deeper insight into the basis of personality traits does not only require to consider genetic as well as environmental influences and their interplay, but also requires more differentiated statistical analyses that can at least in part tackle the often inconsistent findings in this field.

Worldviews and Individual Vulnerability to Suicide: The Role of Social Axioms

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 602-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben C. P. Lam ◽  
Michael Harris Bond ◽  
Sylvia Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Wesley C. H. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cynicism

Research investigating the role of generalized beliefs about the world or worldviews is relatively scarce in the suicide literature. Two studies, using Hong Kong Chinese samples, examined how worldviews, as assessed by the Social Axioms Survey (SAS), were linked with individual vulnerability to suicide. In Study 1, we investigated the relationships of social axioms with various suicide indicators in cognitive, emotional and interpersonal domains, viz., suicidal ideation, negative self–esteem, psychache, burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Results from canonical correlation analysis showed that beliefs along the axiom dimensions of social cynicism, reward for application, and social complexity were linked to these suicide indicators. In Study 2, we tested the interplay of worldviews and personality traits in the prediction of suicidal thoughts. Hierarchical regression results demonstrated the predictive power of social axioms over and above that provided by the Big Five personality dimensions. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed between belief in reward for application and negative life events in predicting suicidal ideation, showing that reward for application buffered the effect of negative life events on suicidal ideation. Based on these results, we discussed the significance of worldviews as a consideration in suicide research and their implications for clinical assessment and intervention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Negative Life Events and Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women in Rural China: The Role of Negative Automatic Thoughts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0167597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiaohua Wang ◽  
Fangnan Liu ◽  
Xiaoning Jiang ◽  
Yun Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Negative Automatic Thoughts

scholarly journals Stressful life events are not associated with the development of dementia

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sundström ◽  
Michael Rönnlund ◽  
Rolf Adolfsson ◽  
Lars-Göran Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Positive Life Events

ABSTRACTBackground:The impact of stressful life events as a risk factor of dementia diseases is inconclusive. We sought to determine whether stressful negative life events are associated with incidental dementia in a population-based study with long-term follow-up. We also tested the hypothesis that the occurrence of positive life events could mitigate or overcome the possible adverse effects of negative life events on dementia conversion.Methods:The study involved 2,462 dementia-free participants aged 55 years and older. Information on life events was ascertained at baseline from a comprehensive Life Event Inventory, which included 56 questions about specific life events. For each life event, the emotional impact (both positive and negative) and emotional adjustment were asked for.Results:During follow-up, 423 participants developed dementia; of these, 240 developed Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cox regression analysis showed no association between the total number of negative life events and the incidence of dementia when adjusted solely for age and gender (hazard ratio = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.92–1.02), or with multiple adjustments for a range of covariates (hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91–1.01). Similarly, neither emotional impact nor emotional adjustment to these life events was associated with incident dementia. A separate analysis of AD did not alter the results.Conclusions:The result of this population-based study finds no association between negative or positive life events and dementia. Accordingly, our results reject the hypothesis that stressful life events trigger the onset of dementia diseases.

GOING OUT NORMALLY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: INSIGHTS ABOUT THE LACK OF ADHESION TO SOCIAL DISTANCING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Mateus Joaquim ◽  
André Luiz Braule Pinto ◽  
Rafaela Ferreira Guatimosim ◽  
Jonas Jardim de Paula ◽  
Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Second Wave

The population's adhesion to measures to ensure social distancing represents a great management challenge. Evidence has shown that social distancing is effective. However, it is challenging to separate government measures from social distancing driven by personal initiatives. Theory: It is possible that the output of protective behaviors, such as adherence to protective measures and staying in social isolation, is influenced by individual characteristics, such as personality traits or symptoms of mental distress of anxiogenic nature. We hypothesized that individuals with more expressive symptoms of fear or anxiety would have a more protective behavioral tendency in terms of risk exposure, leaving less home during the pandemic. In contrast, individuals with greater emotional stability, as they feel more secure and with a lower perception of risk, could go out more often.Material and Methods: A total of 2709 individuals from all regions of Brazil participated in the study (mean age = 42 years; 2134 women). Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between personality traits according to the big five model and Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI). Then investigate how people that go out usually differ from people that stay at home, in both symptoms and personality traits. Finally, to investigate the predictors for going out usually, we use multiple regression analysis, using gender, marital status, level of education, and personality traits. Results: During the second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil, individuals with higher emotional stability tended to leave home more than those with more expressive levels of anxiogenic dysregulation. These results reinforce the role of both personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in prophylactic behavior during COVID-19 pandemics.

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