GOING OUT NORMALLY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: INSIGHTS ABOUT THE LACK OF ADHESION TO SOCIAL DISTANCING

The population's adhesion to measures to ensure social distancing represents a great management challenge. Evidence has shown that social distancing is effective. However, it is challenging to separate government measures from social distancing driven by personal initiatives. Theory: It is possible that the output of protective behaviors, such as adherence to protective measures and staying in social isolation, is influenced by individual characteristics, such as personality traits or symptoms of mental distress of anxiogenic nature. We hypothesized that individuals with more expressive symptoms of fear or anxiety would have a more protective behavioral tendency in terms of risk exposure, leaving less home during the pandemic. In contrast, individuals with greater emotional stability, as they feel more secure and with a lower perception of risk, could go out more often.Material and Methods: A total of 2709 individuals from all regions of Brazil participated in the study (mean age = 42 years; 2134 women). Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between personality traits according to the big five model and Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI). Then investigate how people that go out usually differ from people that stay at home, in both symptoms and personality traits. Finally, to investigate the predictors for going out usually, we use multiple regression analysis, using gender, marital status, level of education, and personality traits. Results: During the second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil, individuals with higher emotional stability tended to leave home more than those with more expressive levels of anxiogenic dysregulation. These results reinforce the role of both personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in prophylactic behavior during COVID-19 pandemics.

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Role of community-based measures in adherence to self-protective behaviors during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia

Health Promotion Perspectives ◽

10.34172/hpp.2021.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Asma Ayyed AL-Shammary ◽

Sehar un-Nisa Hassan ◽

Aqeela Zahra ◽

Fahad Bin Zafir Algahtani ◽

Shadi Suleiman

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Online Survey ◽

Personal Responsibility ◽

Protective Behaviors ◽

Community Based ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Second Wave

Background: The expected second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has started in various regions of the world. Public health experts warned that it could be as lethal as the first wave if people did not comply with self-protective measures. Currently, there is a gap in the literature on the relationship between peoples’ assessment of the effectiveness of community-based measures regarding adherence to self-protective behaviors for COVID-19 prevention and control. This study aimed to assess the role of the perceived effectiveness of community-based measures in adherence to self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The cross-sectional online survey conducted from March 24 to June 22, 2020. The study sample Included 400 participants (49% male and 51% female) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The outcome measure was compliance to four self-protective behaviors i.e., "social distancing;" "wearing facemask;" "washing hands more frequently;" and "disinfecting surfaces in homes." We computed Chi-square statistics and odds ratios (ORs) using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The findings demonstrated that participants aged 25–34 years old were 25% less likely to comply with hand hygiene (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.33–0.95) and social distancing (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.34–0.98). Misconceptions related to COVID-19 significantly decreased compliance with self-protective behaviors by up to 27%. Participants who rated government decisions as useful were approximately 1.7 times more likely to comply with self-protective behaviors. Conclusion: Community-based measures should focus on engaging segments of the population That are currently less compliant. Health education policies should also focus on enhancing the perceived sense of control and personal responsibility and reduce anxiety levels. A continuous commitment to the implementation of preventive interventions and the clarification of misconceptions are required to combat the expected second wave.

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Gender and Organizational Conflict Management: The Mediating Role of Personality

10.31234/osf.io/zewmr ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Maciej Kościelniak ◽

Jarosław Piotrowski ◽

Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska

Keyword(s):

Conflict Management ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Online Survey ◽

Conflict Behavior ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Conflict Management Styles ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Big Five Model

Many authors examined the interplay between gender and conflict management preferences, but those findings were often mixed and inconsistent. In the current paper we tried to explain those inconsistencies by investigating the mediating role of personality for the relationship of gender and conflict management. Rahim's inventory was used for identifying five conflict management styles, and Big Five Model theory was a base for assessing participants' personality traits. Data were collected from a sample of 1,055 working Poles (52.7% women), in an online survey. Based on the structural equation modeling we detected multiple indirect mediating paths of gender on conflict management via personality traits, while no direct effect of gender was observed. Despite some limitations, the study sheds light on the actual role of gender in conflict behavior and the importance of personality traits in the conflict management, both from a theoretical and practical perspective.

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Why Some Students Adjust Easily While Others Can Not? Stress and Adjustment to University: Personality as Moderator

Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice ◽

10.1177/15210251211002179 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152102512110021

Author(s):

Ayşe I. Kural ◽

Berrin Özyurt

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Big Five ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Negative Valence ◽

Big Five Model ◽

University Adjustment ◽

Moderating Role

Research has demonstrated consistently that personality and perceived stress, independently, are essential factors for university adjustment among university freshmen; however, little is known about the associations between personality, perceived stress, and adjustment together. Our primary goal was to explore the predictive utility of perceived stress for explaining university adjustment among university freshmen ( N = 290). We also tested the moderating role of personality traits and this research was embedded within a Big Five model of personality including the sixth trait for Turkish context, ‘Negative Valence’. Results addressed that only conscientiousness and negative valence moderated the perceived stress and adjustment association. Students high on negative valence and/or conscientiousness tended to experience the detrimental effect of perceived stress on university adjustment more due to their personality. These results suggested that personality might be an important factor to include in adjustment fostering interventions for freshmen at universities.

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Effect of Face Masks on Interpersonal Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.582191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Nour Mheidly ◽

Mohamad Y. Fares ◽

Hussein Zalzale ◽

Jawad Fares

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Interpersonal Communication ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Face Mask ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Face

Interpersonal communication has been severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Protective measures, such as social distancing and face masks, are essential to mitigate efforts against the virus, but pose challenges on daily face-to-face communication. Face masks, particularly, muffle sounds and cover facial expressions that ease comprehension during live communication. Here, we explore the role of facial expressions in communication and we highlight how the face mask can hinder interpersonal connection. In addition, we offer coping strategies and skills that can ease communication with face masks as we navigate the current and any future pandemic.

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Unrealistic optimism and HEXACO traits as predictors of risk perception and compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of pandemic

10.31234/osf.io/rt64j ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Milan Oljača ◽

Selka Sadiković ◽

Bojan Branovacki ◽

Dejan Pajić ◽

Snežana Smederevac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Life Events ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Unrealistic Optimism ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Positive Life Events ◽

T1 And T2

The aims of this study were to examine possible differences and factors that contribute to risk perception and compliance with preventive measures at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 423 participants (M = 30.29, SD = 14.45; 69% female). Compliance, risk perception and trust in information were significantly higher in T1 than T2. For risk perception, significant predictors in both T1 and T2 were age, Emotionality (HEXACO-PI-R), and Unrealistic Optimism (NLE, Negative Life Events). Trust in information was a significant predictor in T1, while Unrealistic Optimism (Positive Life Events) was a significant predictor in T2. For compliance, significant predictors in T1 were gender and trust in information while in T2 were Emotionality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness (HEXACO-PI-R), NLE and trust in information, for both T1 and T2. In general, findings suggest a much more pronounced role of personality traits in adherence to protective measures at the end than at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia. Also, the results indicate the role of unrealistic optimism regarding negative life events in lower compliance with protective measures.

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Personality traits predict dietary habits in middle-to-older adults

10.31234/osf.io/28sed ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sara J Weston ◽

Grant Edmonds ◽

Patrick Hill

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Emotional Stability ◽

Healthy Foods ◽

Self Rated Health

Personality traits are consistently associated with health behaviors, but little research has examined the role of personality on eating habits among middle-to-older adults. The current study (n = 665) examined the associations between traits and dietary habits and whether healthy eating predicted health at age 60, with the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort. Eating healthy foods was associated with higher agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness, and predicted better self-rated health and lower BMI. Eating unhealthy foods was associated with lower agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness, and predicted lower self-rated health. Results were not moderated by SES.

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UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM AND HEXACO TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF RISK PERCEPTION AND COMPLIANCE WITH COVID-19 PREVENTIVE MEASURES DURING THE FIRST WAVE OF PANDEMIC

Primenjena psihologija ◽

10.19090/pp.20.4.405-425 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 405-425

Author(s):

Milan Oljača ◽

Selka Sadiković ◽

Bojan Branovački ◽

Dejan Pajić ◽

Snežana Smederevac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Life Events ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Unrealistic Optimism ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Positive Life Events ◽

T1 And T2

The aims of this study were to examine possible differences and factors that contribute to risk perception and compliance with preventive measures at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 423 participants (M = 30.29, SD = 14.45; 69% female). Compliance, risk perception and trust in information were significantly higher in T1 than T2. For risk perception, significant predictors in both T1 and T2 were age, Emotionality (HEXACO-PI-R) and Unrealistic Optimism (NLE, Negative Life Events). Trust in information was a significant predictor in T1, while Unrealistic Optimism (Positive Life Events) was a significant predictor in T2. For compliance, significant predictors in T1 were gender and trust in information while in T2 were Emotionality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness (HEXACO-PI-R), NLE and trust in information, for both T1 and T2. In general, findings suggest a much more pronounced role of personality traits in adherence to protective measures at the end than at the beginning of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia. Also, the results indicate the role of unrealistic optimism regarding negative life events in lower compliance with protective measures.

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Personality Traits as Predictor of M-Payment Systems

Journal of Organizational and End User Computing ◽

10.4018/joeuc.2019100105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 89-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ali Nawaz Khan ◽

Xiongfei Cao ◽

Abdul Hameed Pitafi

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Conceptual Models ◽

New Technologies ◽

Modern Society ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Adoption Process ◽

Payment Systems ◽

Big Five Model ◽

The Impact

Mobile phones have led to a great revolution of modern society, helpful for many businesses to reorient their sales methods towards effective commercial formats. The m-payment, for instance, as an emergent technology to these novel commercial setups, is now undertaking the adoption process. Individual users are known to vary in their tendency to accept new technologies. Not surprisingly, some conceptual models describe how and why individuals use m-payments. Until recently, however, the role of personality in overall, and the big five model of personality, in particular, had remained mostly unexplored. This article aims to ascertain the impact of personality traits on m-payment adoption. Data were collected from 323 m-payment customers and analyzed using a two-step research methodology. SEM was applied to test the hypothesis, and significant antecedents of m-payment were identified. Next significant personality factors were input to a neural network model for ranking. The results showed that conscientious and agreeableness is the two main predictors of m-payment adoption.

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Personality and individual attitudes toward vaccination: a nationally representative survey in the United States

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09840-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fang-Yu Lin ◽

Ching-Hsing Wang

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Health Benefits ◽

The United States ◽

Emotional Stability ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Face To Face ◽

Point Increase ◽

Nationally Representative

Abstract Background Although past studies have identified factors associated with individual perceptions of vaccination, limited attention has been paid to the role of personality in individual attitudes toward vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of personality as measured by the Big Five personality traits on individual attitudes toward vaccination using a nationally representative survey in the United States. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 3276 American citizens who were aged 18 and above and lived in 50 U.S. states and Washington D.C. from the American National Election Studies. The survey was collected through face-to-face and online interviews using structured questionnaires in 2016. The multistage stratified cluster sampling procedure was used for face-to-face interview, whereas the USPS DSF was used to select the sample for online interview. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to assess how personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience) as main explanatory variables influence the outcome variables – individual attitudes toward health benefits of vaccination and support for school vaccination. Results More than two-thirds of respondents perceive health benefit of vaccination and support vaccination requirements for school entry, whereas about one-tenth of respondents have safety concerns about vaccination and oppose the vaccination requirements. After adjusting for ideology, insurance status, and demographic variables, the traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness and emotional stability remain significantly associated with attitude toward vaccination; conscientiousness is significantly associated with support for school vaccination. The odds of reporting health benefits of vaccination associated with one-point increase in agreeableness, conscientiousness and emotional stability are 1.05 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.01–1.08), 1.05 (95% CI = 1.02–1.09) and 1.03 (95% CI = 1.00–1.06), respectively. For a one-point increase in conscientiousness, the odds of supporting school vaccination increase by 1.08 (95% CI = 1.05–1.12). Conclusions People high in agreeableness, conscientiousness and emotional stability are more likely to regard vaccination as beneficial, whereas those high in conscientiousness are more likely to support school-based vaccine requirement. This study highlights the importance of personality in shaping individual attitudes toward vaccination. More research is needed to understand the role of personality in individual health attitudes and behavior.

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Personality Traits in Fibromyalgia (FM): Does FM Personality Exists? A Systematic Review

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017901814010223 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 223-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ciro Conversano ◽

Laura Marchi ◽

Rebecca Ciacchini ◽

Claudia Carmassi ◽

Bastianina Contena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Reference Model ◽

Type D Personality ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Comprehensive Model ◽

Type D ◽

Big Five Model ◽

Meta Analyses

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is the second most common rheumatic disease with many effects on patient's quality of life. It has been described as a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculo-skeletal pain, sleep disorders and prominent fatigue. Regarding the role of personality factors in fibromyalgia, researchers have focused both on personality traits and psychopathological aspects showing inconsistent results. In particular, several studies have examined the role of alexithymia in FM patients, a trait of personality characterized by difficulty in identification, recognition and description of emotions and feelings, while others have focused on a specific type of personality, such as type D personality (distressed personality). Other studies investigated personality in FM patients referring to Cloninger’s model, a psychobiological model of personality that includes both temperamental and character dimensions of personality. Analyzing scientific literature on this subject seems well suited to provide a critical review of the latest studies and their results. Methods: The method used for this review satisfies the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We identified PsycInfo and PubMed as databases for our research. Results: Personality is studied under many aspects and a reference model is not always present. Many studies underline high levels of alexithymia and type D personality in FM patients but when depression is controlled, these results do not differ from those of healthy controls. Conclusion: Studies that use a comprehensive model of personality present a different theoretical approach and use alternatively the Big-Five model, Eysenck’s and Cloninger’s models. The use of a comprehensive model of personality and the control of psychopathological disorders, such as anxiety and depression, seem to be very relevant for a better understanding of a specific personality profile associated with fibromyalgia.

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