Dark Triad traits as predictors of adherence to traditional masculine norms in men

The present study examined whether Dark Triad traits explain variance in men’s adherence to traditional masculine norms (Playboy, Self-Reliance, Emotional Control, Winning, Violence, Heterosexual Self-Presentation, Risk-Taking, and Power over Women). Two-hundred and thirty-seven English speaking men (aged 18 to 62 years) completed online versions of the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Mach-IV, and the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-29. Results from regression analyses showed that the psychopathic trait Callous Affect positively predicted men’s Need to Win, Emotional Control, Violence, and Power Over Women; Erratic Lifestyle was a positive predictor of Risk-Taking; and Antisocial Behaviour was a positive predictor of Playboy. Machiavellianism predicted only Violence. The Narcissistic sub-trait Leadership positively predicted Risk-Taking; Manipulativeness predicted Risk-Taking and Violence; Superiority predicted Risk-Taking and Power over Women; Vanity predicted Self-Reliance; and Exhibitionism predicted Emotional Control. We conclude that whilst Callous Affect appears to hold the highest predictive validity, the Dark Triad traits differentially predict adherence to specific masculine norms.

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Adherence to Masculine Norms and Depressive Symptoms in Young Black Men

Social Work ◽

10.1093/sw/swaa029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 235-244

Author(s):

Janelle R Goodwill ◽

Natasha C Johnson ◽

Daphne C Watkins

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Black Men ◽

Service Providers ◽

Emotional Control ◽

Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽

Masculine Norms ◽

Self Reliance ◽

Mental Wellness ◽

Survey Responses

Abstract Recent reports have highlighted disparities in representation of Black men within research, calling for more work to be done with this group. The authors take up this call by exploring whether adherence to masculine norms influences mental health outcomes among young Black men. The sample included survey responses from 18- to 30-year-old Black men (N = 273) enrolled at five colleges and universities in the midwestern United States. Two theoretically relevant subscales from the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (that is, self-reliance and emotional control) were used to measure adherence to masculine norms, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the model fit the data well. Furthermore, self-reliance was associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms (β = .358, p < .001), but emotional control was not (β = .137, p = .099). Study findings suggest that depression treatment interventions should be tailored to incorporate aspects of masculinity that are most salient to young Black men. In addition, social work researchers, clinicians, and service providers are uniquely positioned to contribute to the promotion of mental wellness among this underserved population and should be prepared to attend to young Black men’s mental health needs.

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Factors Relating to College Football Players’ Conformity to Traditional Masculine Norms

The Journal of Men s Studies ◽

10.1177/10608265211004557 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106082652110045

Author(s):

J. Andy Walsh ◽

Lindsey C. Blom ◽

Jocelyn Bolin ◽

Sharon Bowman

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Personal Growth ◽

Athletic Identity ◽

Well Being ◽

College Football ◽

Emotional Control ◽

Football Players ◽

Positive Relationships ◽

Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽

Masculine Norms

Conforming to masculine norms can lead to depression and anxiety in men. Athletic identity may affect conformity to masculine norms, specifically in college football players. This study explored the relationships among conformity to masculine norms, athletic identity, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in 110 male college football players. The main findings convey as football players’ conformity to masculine norms increase, their athletic identity increases while their personal growth, life satisfaction and positive relationships decrease. This was specifically true for the areas of conformity to norms related to sexual relationships, winning, and emotional control/expression; as conformity scores to these norms increased, experiences with positive relationships and personal growth decreased. Furthermore, athletes who played football longer and older were less likely to conform to the norms around emotional control, than athletes with less football experience or younger in age. No group differences were found.

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Canadian French Translation and Preliminary Validation of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory: A Pilot Study

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/15579883211057391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 155798832110573

Author(s):

Jalila Jbilou ◽

Natasha Levesque ◽

René-Pierre Sonier ◽

Phillip J. Tully ◽

Iza Pinette-Drapeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Short Form ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Self Report ◽

French Version ◽

Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽

Masculine Norms ◽

Time Points ◽

Canadian French ◽

Preliminary Validation

Conformity to masculine norms has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes. Its valid assessment among subgroups of the population is therefore a crucial step in the investigation of intercultural variability in the enactment of masculinity, as well as its causes, costs, and benefits. The present pilot study aimed to adapt and conduct a preliminary validation of a French version of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-22), a self-report questionnaire designed to assess overall conformity to male gender standards. The French adaptation of the CMNI-22 (CanFr-CMNI-22) was developed using a forward-backward translation process. The data from a sample of 57 Canadian French men (23–81 years old), collected at two time points 2 weeks apart, were then analyzed to investigate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the CanFr-CMNI-22. Findings indicated adequate internal reliability of the global scores and highly satisfactory test–retest reliability. Correlations with the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF) at both time points also showed strong convergent validity. Overall, the CanFr-CMNI-22 appears to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess conformity to traditional masculine gender norms in French-speaking men from the general population. This study is a key step in a research process aiming to validate the Canadian French version of the CMNI and contributes to enhance inclusive research and clinical care to foster men’s health.

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Can Watching a Television Documentary Change the Way Men View Masculinity?

The Journal of Men s Studies ◽

10.1177/1060826518815909 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 287-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kylie King ◽

Marisa Schlichthorst ◽

Louise Keogh ◽

Lennart Reifels ◽

Matthew J. Spittal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Web Survey ◽

Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽

Masculine Norms ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Self Reliance ◽

Television Documentary

Men’s conformity to masculine norms, such as stoicism and self-reliance, has been shown to be associated with a range of negative psychological outcomes. We developed Man Up—a three-part documentary that examined the link between masculinity, mental health, and suicide for men in Australia. We conducted a multifaceted evaluation that included a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a web survey. RCT participants and web survey respondents were asked how their views of the term “man up” had changed since watching the documentary. This article provides feedback from the 306 men who responded to this question. Participants commented on how the documentary prompted them to rethink stereotypes of masculinity. The findings suggest that the documentary had a positive impact on men.

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The role of psychopathy factors in reactive aggression within a sample of prisoners

Journal of Criminal Psychology ◽

10.1108/jcp-10-2014-0014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Agata Debowska ◽

Emek Yuce Zeyrek Rios

Keyword(s):

Peer Relations ◽

Reactive Aggression ◽

Antisocial Behaviour ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Content Type ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Callous Affect

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of four psychopathy factors (Interpersonal Manipulation (IPM), Callous Affect (CA), Erratic Lifestyle (ELS), and Antisocial Behaviour (ASB)) and the length of incarceration in reactive aggression. The predictive effect of dissatisfaction with peer relations, childhood experiences of violence, and criminal friends on reactive forms of aggressive acts is also explored. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 129 (n=129) male prisoners incarcerated in Stargard Szczecinski Prison were recruited for the study. Cross-sectional design using self-report questionnaire of retrospective and prospective nature was utilised. Findings – Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that only one psychopathy facet, IPM, forms a significant association with reactive aggression. Another accurate correlate of reactive aggression was the length of incarceration. Originality/value – The results of the present study indicate that the commonly suggested two-factor models of psychopathy may be misguided. Future studies examining the effect of psychopathy facets on aggression should consider IPM and CA as separate dimensions. Additionally, this study is the first to demonstrate that reactive aggression may be exacerbated during incarceration.

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In Search of the Prosocial Personality

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anja Wertag ◽

Denis Bratko

Keyword(s):

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Self Report ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

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Predicting Stock Market Performance

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000330 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Thomas Plieger ◽

Thomas Grünhage ◽

Éilish Duke ◽

Martin Reuter

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Life Stress ◽

Price Volatility ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Self Report ◽

Financial Behavior ◽

Market Simulation ◽

Stock Market Performance ◽

Risk Taking Behavior

Abstract. Gender and personality traits influence risk proneness in the context of financial decisions. However, most studies on this topic have relied on either self-report data or on artificial measures of financial risk-taking behavior. Our study aimed to identify relevant trading behaviors and personal characteristics related to trading success. N = 108 Caucasians took part in a three-week stock market simulation paradigm, in which they traded shares of eight fictional companies that differed in issue price, volatility, and outcome. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring personality, risk-taking behavior, and life stress. Our model showed that being male and scoring high on self-directedness led to more risky financial behavior, which in turn positively predicted success in the stock market simulation. The total model explained 39% of the variance in trading success, indicating a role for other factors in influencing trading behavior. Future studies should try to enrich our model to get a more accurate impression of the associations between individual characteristics and financially successful behavior in context of stock trading.

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