Advances in understanding pain and stress in cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-78
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. D. Rutherford ◽  
◽  
Marie J. Haskell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
The Impact

This chapter provides definitions of pain and stress, particularly focusing on the issue that 'stress' as a stand-alone generic term may not be helpful in terms of advancing our understanding of the impact of animal management on animal welfare. For cattle, as for other animals managed by humans, it is necessary to consider the source of 'stress' and to consider the general and specific animal responses to different contexts and events. It outlines the standard methods of assessing pain and stress, then presents a number of new methods that are being used to assess the experiential aspects, explains their theoretical background and how they allow us to gain a better understanding of the experience of pain and stress in cattle than previous methods with respect to the major sources of pain and stress. Finally, the chapter provides a case study describing a situation where these approaches have led to clear recent improvements in practice that are having real benefits for animals under commercial management.

scholarly journals Identification and Analysis of Structural Fund Support Mitigating the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the EU—A Case Study of Health Unit Funding

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4976
Author(s):  
Karina Bedrunka ◽  
Łukasz Mach ◽  
Anna Kuczuk ◽  
Anna Bohdan
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Fund ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The research carried out describes the provision of COVID-19 funding in individual EU Member States under the ongoing operational programmes of the EU financial perspective in the period 2014–2020. This was followed by identification of the most important areas of support and the amounts allocated to them for Poland and its sixteen voivodeships under the available EU funds from the 2014–2020 perspective. Types and forms of support for health services from the funds of the Regional Operational Programme for the Opolskie Voivodeship 2014–2020 (ROP WO) were analysed in detail. The obtained results showed that Italy, Spain, and Poland provided the largest values of support under the available operational programmes from 2014–2020 to combat the effects of COVID-19. In Poland, funding was mainly provided by the European Regional Development Fund, with the dominant support allocated to entrepreneurship and health care. In the Opolskie voivodeship, which is the case study, the additional financing in the health area concerns: personal protective equipment, equipment, construction works, oxygen installations, and waste water management. In this article, a literature analysis of the issue was conducted prior to the research process, which included theories of post-2007 crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on the theoretical background and research showing the impact of crises from the point of view of social, economic, and ecological dimensions, i.e., from the point of view of sustainable development. It also presents planned and implemented public intervention to offset the negative effects of COVID-19 in 2020 from structural funds in EU countries, including Poland and its 16 voivodeships.

The Shareholder Value Chain: Values, Vision and Shareholder Value Creation

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Lichtenstein ◽  
Pat Dade
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primary Management ◽  
Value Creation Process ◽  
Is Value

Business now almost universally accepts that the primary management task is value creation. The impact of leaders’, directors' and executives' personal values in the value creation process has been largely ignored in the literature. This paper seeks to redress the current situation by proposing that the needs and values of leaders and executives drive the vision, goals and strategies to create shareholder value. Yet, while most directors and senior managers will be at ease with pushing the organisation farther and faster in the creation of new methods to create more shareholder value, this is creating dis-ease amongst other directors, executives and the organisations' operator who have different values. This disease potentially stymies leaders' and boards' ability to create more value for shareholders. By understanding the values dynamic and asking different questions, boards and leaders can motivate the culture to create more value. The objective of this paper is to build on previous executive values research by examining the impact of how the values of one executive value group translate into methods of creating shareholder value and proposing the linkage between leaders values and shareholder value. First, a theoretical background is provided. Next, the results of empirical research into executive values are briefly reviewed and combined with data and insights from proprietary market research to discuss how the needs and values of one executive value group impact on strategic leadership factors driving shareholder value creation methods. This is followed by proposing a conceptual framework illustrating the linkages between leaders' values and shareholder value creation with propositions. Conclusion and implications are drawn and finally limitations and areas for further research are provided.

scholarly journals Enhancing Biophilia as a Restorative Design Approach in Egyptian Gardens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tarek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Biophilic Design ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The increasing challenges of enhancing public health for communities and managing stressful daily life style raised the call for finding new methods to reduce stress. The research problem is the lack of sufficient data investigating the impact of different characteristics and forms of gardens in terms of stress reduction and restoration benefits. Therefore, the aim of this study is identifying the restorative effects of biophilic design elements in Egyptian gardens. It investigates the main indicators for applying biophilic urbanism in different gardens and how to enhance it to achieve stress restoration for communities. The presented study followed a methodology that comprises three parts. First an integrative literature review for biophilic urbanism and biophilia application to achieve restorative design. Then identifying the likely relationship between biophilia and restorativeness. Finally, a case study research design approach for selected Egyptian gardens which are analysed in reference to concluded relationship and perceived restorativenss. The work points out the potential and effective incorporation of applying biophilic principles in Egypt to achieve stress restoration.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Revenue of the Livestock Industry: A Case Study of China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3586
Author(s):  
Jianxiong Chen ◽  
Chung-Cheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Revenue Function ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected social order and people’s health and has also caused a heavy blow to the livestock industry, affecting animal management and welfare. The livestock industry is one of the main contributors to economic growth in many regions, and it is of great significance to people’s lives and regional economic growth. COVID-19 has reduced the livestock industry’s market as well as consumers’ opportunities to purchase livestock products, resulting in no sales or low sales of livestock or their products. The main purpose of this study is to consider the impact of the pandemic on the revenue of the livestock industry, and to study the challenges arising from the pandemic to the livestock industry. Based on the perspective of financial statements, we estimate the impact of COVID-19 through the translog revenue function of listed Chinese livestock companies from 2015 to 2020, and the study results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the revenue of the livestock industry, but the decline in revenue of large livestock enterprises is lower than that of small and medium-sized livestock enterprises. In the last two parts of this study, we make policy recommendations to livestock enterprises and the authorities.

The impact of digitalization on business processes: case study: Kosovo SMEs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylber Limani ◽  
Edmond Hajrizi ◽  
Rina Sadriu
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
The Impact
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