scholarly journals Aelredo de Rivelaux e Goderico de Finchale: austeridade e observância monástica em pespectiva (século XII)

Nova Tellus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Raimundo Carvalho Moura Filho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The One

In the course of the 12th century, with the emergence of new monastic orders, including that of Cistercian (1098 AD), the theme of austerity became central to the discussion on the best way of observing the Rule of Saint Benedict, a canonical document on regular life from the 6th century. Conceptions about austerity can be verified, on the one hand, in the Mirror of Charity, by the Cistercian abbot Aelredo de Rivelaux (1110-1167 AD), and, on the other, in the hagiography The Life of Saint Godric, whose socio-cultural place is the priory from Durham, also in Anglia. Thus, this article intends to prove that there were approaching and distancing concerning the best way to carry out monastic austerity in northern Anglia, at the center of religious renewal in the course of the 12th century.

On Some 12th and 13th Century Doctrines of Restriction

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain de Libera
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Tense Operators ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
White Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

Summary The problem of the variation of the truth-status of the propositions over time is one of the favourite topics of the logicians as soon as the end of the XIIth century. The aim of the present article is to acknowledge the various theories of restriction provided in the 12th and 13th centuries, to solve semantic problems by means of contextual determination. Given the texts presently available, up to seven different doctrines are accounted for, depending on whether or not subjects and predicates, on the one hand, substantial and accidental terms, on the other hand, are actually distinguished. Among those doctrines, particular attention is paid to that of the so-called Dialectica Mona-censis. This anonymous treatise, dating from the last decades of the 12th century, introduces two different theories. The first one suffers from a discrepancy between the content of the rules of restriction through present, past and future tense verbs and that of the various conditions laid down in these rules. Thus, though substantial and accidental terms have theoretically the same supposition, whether they be subjects or predicates, in each different tensed form of the verbs, the author practically draws a line between substantial terms like ‘homo’ and accidental ones, like ‘album’. As a matter of fact, the truth of the proposition “homo curret” at instant S (Reichenbach’s ‘point of speech’) necessarily entails that of “homo currit” at instant E (the ‘point of event’), but this is not the case with ‘album’ in “album curret”, since that which is now white (point S) might very well be no longer white at time E. Those difficulties determine a second theory which offers a more satisfying account of the difference between substantial and accidental terms. Finally, a comparison is made between the first theory in the Dialectica and William of Sherwood’s account of the compounded and divided senses of the propositions, and a parallel is suggested with modern paraphrases using A. N. Prior’s tense operators.

Conclusions

2021 ◽  
pp. 551-572
Author(s):  
Frank Griffel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
New Type ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
The One

Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s philosophical books argue for a God who acts out of pure necessity and whose creative activity goes on forever, creating a pre-eternal world. His books of kalam, however, argue for a freely choosing creator who creates a world that began at one point in time. The Conclusions explain this contradiction by suggesting that for al-Razi the rational evidence for both understandings of God was equally strong and one could not trump the other. While he never wrote a text where the arguments for both sides are compared, he wrote different kinds of books that argue forcefully for the one position or the other. Unlike al-Ghazali, al-Razi acknowledged that a pre-eternal world is possible and that Avicenna had strong arguments in favor of it. Triggered by 12th century developments on the method of philosophy and the genre of philosophical texts, al-Razi developed a new type of philosophical summa of which his Eastern Investigations (al-Mabahith al-mashriqiyya) and his Compendium on Philosophy and Logic (al-Mulakhkhas fi l-hikma wa-l-mantiq) are the prime examples.

scholarly journals Obraz cara bułgarskiego Samuela w źródłach bizantyńskich (XII w.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Mirosław J. Leszka
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Significant Figure ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
The Military

Samuel, the ruler of Bulgaria from the turn of the tenth and eleventh centuries is without a doubt a significant figure in the history of his country, having left a clear mark on its relations with the Byzantine Empire. It was he who challenged the Byzantines, who occupied a considerable part of Bulgaria in 971. Over the course of several decades, he was first wrenching Bulgarian territories from the Byzantine hands and subsequently defended his possessions with great determination. It was only several years after his death (1014) that the Bulgarian state fell into Byzantine hands (1018), ushering an almost hundred and seventy yearperiod of its nonexistence – the time of Byzantine captivity. Information included in the 12th‑century Byzantine sources (Nicephor Bryennios, Anna Komnene, John Zonaras, Michael Glykas, The Life of Nikon Metanoeite”), analysed in the present article and relating to Samuel are focused on the two fundamental questions, specifically the circumstances in which he had taken the reins of power and the military activity he conducted against Byzantium. The portrayal of the Bulgarian ruler included therein was on the one hand influenced by the trend present in the Byzantine literature to diminish the successes of the Empire’s enemies by indicating their causes were to be found on the Byzantine side, and on the other by the fact that the Bulgarians became subjects of the Byzantine ruler. Some of them entered into the elite of the Byzantine society, sometimes through familial connections. In these circumstances, it was better to be related to Samuel the Basileus, rather than to Samuel the barbarian.

scholarly journals The Cemeteries and Grave Finds of Győr and Moson Counties from the Time of the Hungarian Conquest and the Early Árpádian Age

2013 ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Ciprián Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Present Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Phd Thesis

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2013 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Tivadar Vida. The dissertation examines the burials of the territory of two counties, Győr and Moson in the west of the Hungarian Principality in the age of the Hungarian Conquest, and the Hungarian Kingdom in the Early Árpádian Age. Their analysis will be the ground for sketching the picture of the territory in the 10th-11th centuries. First the period’s sites are presented, then the assessment of individual phenomena and object types follows, providing ground for the examinations of the history of settlements, which partly leads through the examination of the borderland character of the territory. The territory of the former two counties forms the geographical frames. The temporal frames are formed by, on the one hand, the occupation of Transdanubia in – according to our present knowledge – 900 and on the other hand, the end of the 11th century and the beginning of the 12th century.

Similarities between Chinese and Arabic Mathematical Writings: (I) Root extraction

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Chemla
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Place Value ◽  
Root Extraction ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Numeration Systems ◽  
The One

First century Chinese, fifth century Indian, and Arabic documents from the 9th century onwards, contain similar tabular procedures to extract square and cube roots on place-value numeration systems. Moreover, an 11th century Chinese astronomer, Jia Xian, as well as al-Samaw'al, a 12th century Arab mathematician, extracted roots of higher order with the so-called Ruffini-Horner procedure. This article attempts to define a textual method to organize this corpus, by distinguishing relevant criteria for identifying similarities and differences from a historical as well as conceptual point of view. The first part analyses three different states of the descriptions of algorithms in China between the 1st and the 11th centuries, all of which exhibit a definite historical stability. The rewriting which allows one to proceed progressively from one state to the next shows a uniformity in the components of the algorithm, which culminates in procedures of the type Ruffini-Horner. Textual criteria demonstrate a greater affinity of certain algorithms, such as those described by Kūshyār ibn Labbān (ca 1000) with Chinese rather than with Indian texts, which are in turn closer to algorithms described by al-Khwārizmī. Criteria of the same kind link the algorithms of Jia Xian and al-Samaw'al on the one hand, and those of Kūshyār and al-Samaw'al on the other.

scholarly journals The Inscription on a Brick from Grodno (Ps 45: 6) in the Context of Byzantine-Russian Epigraphic Links

Slovene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-422
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Vinogradov ◽  
Aleхey A. Gippius ◽  
Natallia A. Kiziukevich
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Hagia Sophia ◽  
The One ◽  
Early Byzantine ◽  
Church Buildings

The authors publish a unique inscription with the second half-verse of Psalm 45: 6 on а 12th century brick from the excavations of the “Mernaya izba” on the Castle hill of Hrodna (Grodno; Republic of Belarus). The tradition of writing Psalm 45: 6 in church buildings goes back to the Early Byzantine period and is associated with its “apotropaic” character, which should protect the building from earthquakes. From the middle Byzantine period Psalm 45: 6 is known to also appear on bricks. A great role in this tradition was played by the “Diegesis about the Great church”, according to which Psalm 45: 6 was written by order of Justinian on the plinth bricks of Hagia Sophia. From Byzantium, this tradition came to Rus’, where we see Psalm 45: 6 written, on the one hand, in Greek on the mosaic above the apse of St. Sophia in Kiev, and on the other hand, in Slavonic on a plinth brick from a church in Hrodna dating from the second half of the 12th century.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

Das Ende der Postdemokratie, den Pessimismus überwinden.

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (188) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Daniel Mullis
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The One

In recent years, political and social conditions have changed dramatically. Many analyses help to capture these dynamics. However, they produce political pessimism: on the one hand there is the image of regression and on the other, a direct link is made between socio-economic decline and the rise of the far-right. To counter these aspects, this article argues that current political events are to be understood less as ‘regression’ but rather as a moment of movement and the return of deep political struggles. Referring to Jacques Ranciere’s political thought, the current conditions can be captured as the ‘end of post-democracy’. This approach changes the perspective on current social dynamics in a productive way. It allows for an emphasis on movement and the recognition of the windows of opportunity for emancipatory struggles.

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