scholarly journals Protection of the Labour Rights in the Context of the Transition to the Forth Industrial Revolution: Ways to Overcome Precarious Employment

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
M. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Rights

The object of the study. Labour market in the period of the transition to the fourth industrial revolution.The subject of the study. Protection of social and labour rights of workers during the transition period.The purpose of the study is the assessment of the possibilities of Unions to reduce precarious employment.The main provisions of the article. The development of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution leads to radical changes in the labour market. Various new spheres of activity and forms of labour relations are emerging that are outside the statutory rules, which contributes to the growth of precarious employment and the violation of previous social guarantees of workers. The General trend towards individualization of work, which began at the beginning of the third industrial revolution, is becoming even more pronounced in the era of the Industry 4.0. Together with increased competition for jobs, this impedes the collective struggle of workers for their rights, which contributes to increased exploitation and social inequality. The response is a new type of workers ' movement, which often occurs spontaneously, on the basis of one-time protests of workers, who often do not interact with each other in the process of labour. The development of interaction within the framework of Internet platforms has shown its ambiguity in the case of the labour market: allowing more and more people to work remotely, the network has also given new possibilities to the organizations of workers in an environment where in the framework of the past organizational structures their importance fell. New professional communities with a horizontal structure, organized often by independent, but having common problems with the protection of their rights by employees, become a counterbalance to network business structures. Activists are now online negotiating future strikes, advising each other on legal issues, but the question remains: will they be able to achieve traditional social guarantees for their members in the changed economic conditions? As the number of remote, "flexible" jobs grows, the struggle for decent working conditions is often reduced to the struggle for decent pay. Only a few trade unions decide to demand retraining opportunities from employers, which is the most urgent need of workers in the conditions of forecasts about automation of up to 50% of jobs. For Russian trade unions, the problem of legislative restrictions on mass actions remains relevant, which unwittingly inclines many workers to individual struggle for their rights.A significant role in the revival of the labour movement is played by young people, who, according to the results of research under the grant of RPF № 16-18-10140, more often than other age groups are faced with the problem of precarious employment. Comparative analysis of foreign and Russian studies of the Millennials generation shows their sharp difference from all previous generations. Unions must find ways to attract, effectively organize and educate generation Y in matters of law to fight for their rights. The key to this can be the use some characteristics of this generation, like their desire for entertainment and will to contribute and differ from others. It is generation Y that will become the basis of the labour force in the active phase of the fourth industrial revolution, so it is crucial to provide them with tools to fight for their social and labour rights. Trade unions, which will not be able to attract them to their ranks, will remain in the past.

scholarly journals The fourth industrial revolution and labour market regulation in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Peter Waring ◽  
Azad Bali ◽  
Chris Vas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Labour Market Regulation ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Large Survey

The race to develop and implement autonomous systems and artificial intelligence has challenged the responsiveness of governments in many areas and none more so than in the domain of labour market policy. This article draws upon a large survey of Singaporean employees and managers (N = 332) conducted in 2019 to examine the extent and ways in which artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have begun impacting workplaces in Singapore. Our conclusions reiterate the need for government intervention to facilitate broad-based participation in the productivity benefits of fourth industrial revolution technologies while also offering re-designed social safety nets and employment protections. JEL Codes: J88, K31, O38, M53

Dealing with ‘vulnerable workers’ in precarious employment: Front-line constraints and strategies in employment standards enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2090914
Author(s):  
Alan Hall ◽  
Rebecca Hall ◽  
Nicole Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Core ◽  
Worker Characteristics ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Vulnerable Workers

Individual worker complaints continue to be the core foundation of employment standards enforcement in many Western jurisdictions, including the Canadian province of Ontario. In the contemporary labour market context where segments of the labour force may be disproportionately impacted by rights violations, and employment relationships are more diverse and often more tenuous than previously, the continued reliance on individual claims suggests a need to better understand the challenges associated with the investigation and resolution of claims involving ‘vulnerable workers’ in precarious employment situations. Using interviews with front-line Ontario employment standards officers (ESOs), this article examines the extent to which certain worker characteristics and employment situations perceived by officers as ‘vulnerable’ are identified by officers as significant constraints or barriers to investigation processes and outcomes, and documents whether and how officers address these constraints and barriers. The analysis also identifies the perceived influence of policy, resource and legislative requirements in shaping how officers deal with the more difficult and challenging cases, while also considering the extent to which the officers’ actions are understood by them as discretionary and guided by their particular orientations or concerns. In so doing, this article reveals challenges to the resolution of claims in precarious employment situations, the very place where employment standards are often most needed.

scholarly journals Self-Employment and Labour Market Transitions in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Shao ◽  
Mallika Kelkar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Market Transitions

Self-employment in New Zealand has been trending up in the past two years, following subdued growth between 2000 and 2010. Self-employed people made up 11.3% of total employed in the year to March 2012 (251,800 workers), compared with 10.1% in the year to March 2010. Self-employment is defined in this paper as those people operating their own business without employees. The paper explores time series trends in self-employment, in particular across three post-recession periods. Characteristics of self-employed workers are also identified. This paper also investigates movements in and out of self-employment in order to understand the recent growth in this type of employment. The analysis uses longitudinal Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) data. The HLFS provides official measures of a range of labour market indicators, including the number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disruptive Innovations ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

History has always been a great indicator of past behaviour as well as of future trends. However, when you think of what future jobs may look like, you do not certainly expect to find a plausible response in the past. Technologies and scientific advancements in general make it almost impossible to predict what you will be required to know in order to get—or maintain—your job in the next six months, let alone in the next couple of years. Whilst disruption seems such a new concept nowadays, we will learn that disruptive innovations have always been part of our story. The authors look at the major industrial revolutions known to humans and discuss patterns to help us prepare for the forthcoming future.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Instability of Standard and Non-standard Employment in Contemporary Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Bobkov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Flexible Employment ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Employment

Precarious employment is becoming more and more widespread in the world and inRussia. It is the destruction of the traditional standard model of employment, labour and social rights of workers to secure and sustainable employment. This is one of the problematic areas of modern social relations, exacerbated by the industrial revolution 4.0, globalization of global relations in all areas and their use in the interests of national and world capital. In the article, the author characterizes the essence of precarious employment and presents the results of a sociological study of precarious employment in a representative group. It allowed expanding the sociological tools of its study and the use of sociological indicators to identify groups of workers in relation to precarious employment. The author also studied the parameters of the specified representative group, clarified the indicators of precarious employment and their quantitative values that identify certain aspects. As a result, the author identified four profiles of contemporary employment inRussia, characterized by increasing signs of precarious employment and gave their comparative characteristics. Further, the author described the differences in socio-demographic, socio-labour and economic characteristics of workers belonging to different profiles of employment. On this basis, the author justified the need to transform labour, civil and other legislation, which would allow more fully using the advantages of standard and flexible employment for employees of various segments of the Russian labour market, ensuring, at the same time, compliance with their labour and social rights.

scholarly journals Scientific Mapping of Industry 4.0 Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Huma Sikandar ◽  
Yamunah Vaicondam ◽  
Nohman Khan ◽  
Muhammad Imran Qureshi ◽  
Abrar Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Vos Viewer ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Productive Authors

<p class="0abstract">The fourth industrial revolution is progressing very rapidly. This research aims to investigate the research patterns and trends of industry 4.0 research with a focus on manufacturing. This bibliometric analysis is performed on data of the past five years (2016 to 2020) retrieved from the Scopus database. This research is conducted on 1426 articles in which the top productive countries, authors, institutions, and most cited articles were investigated. Findings demonstrated that Italy, the United States, and China are the most active countries in terms of research publications. South China University of Technology (China) has been identified as the most productive institution.  Wan, J., Li, D., Rauch, E. were found to be the most productive authors. Industry 4.0 is primarily focused on the fields of engineering and computer science and sustainability is the most prolific journal. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords, co-authorship analysis of authors and countries were carried out along with bibliographic coupling of documents using VoS viewer which is the most common information visualisation software. This article summarises the growth of Industry 4.0 in the past five years and gives a short overview of the related works and applications of Industry 4.0.</p>

scholarly journals THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND EMPLOYMENT MODIFICATION IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Emiliia Prushkivska ◽  
Artem Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Purpose. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of Industry 4.0 on employment in Ukraine and the world. The following tasks are set to achieve this goal: to analyse the historical impact of industrial revolutions on employment, including the characteristics of changes in its structure, as well as professional composition; highlight how the fourth industrial revolution differs from the previous three; consider the structure of available vacancies in Ukraine and assess how the national labour market is subject to automation. Methodology of research. This article uses the historical and logical unity method to analyse the impact of industrial revolutions on employment, as well as a comparison method to highlight the distinguishing features of Industry 4.0. A graphical method is applied to assess the sectorial structure of vacancies prone to automation in Ukraine. Findings. Industry 4.0 has been found to have common and distinctive features of the impact on employment with the previous three industrial revolutions. The structure of employment at different historical stages is analysed. It was found out that its structure is actively changing now; new professions and whole branches of application of human labour are appearing. The structure of the labour market in Ukraine is considered. It has been proved that Industry 4.0 can exacerbate inequalities between different sections of the population and lead to the disappearance of a large number of occupations, which today employ half of the workforce of national economies. Originality. An analytical approach to the definition of professions that are most prone to automation in the context of the fourth industrial revolution in the Ukrainian labour market has received further development. This approach simultaneously takes into account modern foreign practices and the national statistical base. Practical value. The obtained results in the course of the study can be used in the development of state programs to support employment in the national economy. Since people will require retraining and additional training due to the special propensity of their professions to automation and computerization. In addition, the obtained data can be used to determine the priority areas of state funding for educational institutions, which in the future will reduce youth unemployment. Key words: employment, the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, national economy, influence, industry structure, automation, computerization.

Preparing graduates for work readiness: an overview and agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Winterton ◽  
Jason J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Readiness ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Graduate Employability

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the concept of graduate work readiness (GWR) from a stakeholder perspective. The research attempts to pull together the various multidisciplinary themes from the literature into a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between graduates and the labour market, considering the international dimension of what is a global phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThe critical review is divided into four distinct sections, the first is to contextualise the concept of GWR and graduate employability taking into account recent academic discussion, particularly in the EU and ASEAN; second, to explore the different perspectives of stakeholders in the “triple helix” of universities, governments and the corporate world; third, critically to assess the arguments that educational provision is poorly aligned with labour market needs; and finally, to investigate the implications of the fourth industrial revolution for graduate jobs and skills and propose an agenda for future research.FindingsDespite the apparent consensus between stakeholders over the central importance of graduate employability, there is considerable diversity in how each imagines GWR is best assured.Research limitations/implicationsAny review is limited by the extant literature and whilst it is not uncommon that most research has been done in North America, Western Europe and Australasia, this is a serious limitation. GWR is a global concern and this review shows the need for more research that extends beyond the dominant geographical focus and its attendant paradigms. The implication is that geography is important and local research is needed to develop solutions that fit specific cultural, economic and institutional contexts.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights the need to reconcile different stakeholder perspectives on GWR and ensure that they work together on shared agendas to improve graduate transition to the labour market. At the same time, the profound changes being brought about by the fourth industrial revolution suggest that more attention should be paid to the employability of existing employees.Originality/valueThis review should prove useful to both academics and practitioners because it emphasises the need to treat GWR as a concept that varies according to context and stakeholder interests, rather than a homogeneous phenomenon.

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