scholarly journals Middle classes in the social structure of Russia’s working population

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
Viacheslav N. Bobkov ◽  
Elena V. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
Educational Potential

This article presents the main results of studying the composition and scale of Russia’s middle classes, which are comprised of the working population. The study is based on an authentic methodology, which develops a multi-criterion approach to identifying social structures, based on standards and quality of living, and to revealing middle classes within their composition. Determining the potential for developing middle classes within the working population, their qualitative and quantitative identification while utilizing an array of objective and subjective characteristics – all of this was conducted based on comparing actual values with specially formulated social standards. Said standards record the normative requirements for education level, position in the field of employment, level of personal income, amount of savings, income level from primary occupation and possession of real estate, as well as the corresponding values of standards and quality of living, determined by means of subjective assessment. The study revealed that the proportion of middle classes within the structure of the working population is less than 25%. And only 2% of the working population can be identified as the core middle classes, while another 21% relate to either a broadened core or the periphery. The article reveals that potentially, if they were to attain the necessary position in the employment field and the proper level of education, a wider range of workers could comprise the middle classes. However, considering the relatively low level of material security for workers and their households, as well as inconsistencies with subjective identification markers, workers for the most part remain outside of the middle classes. The authors consider the main reasons which lead to the lower general quantitative estimates of the boundaries of middle classes. Assessed is the scale of “losses” when it comes to the potential size of the middle classes, which are linked to the specifics of workers implementing their educational potential in the workplace, to their level of material security and subjective evaluation of living standards and quality, and which identify the potential of middle classes in terms of their position in the field of employment and their level of education.

scholarly journals Fundamental life motivations and prerequisites for their realization in young men

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
I M Ulyukin ◽  
N M Pilnik ◽  
V N Emelyanov ◽  
V N Bolekhan ◽  
E S Orlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Right

Аbstract. Quality of life of young men in the view of existential compliance is considered. In its most general form, the term «existence» means «specifically human way of being», the main characteristic of which is the freedom of choice, that is the way of being a person, when he is constantly in a situation that asks him: «How does a man will be a person in this situation?». А person’s subjective assessment of his life was investigated by the technique of A. Langle and K. Orgler «Scale of Existence» in 42 practically healthy young men (24,12±1,1 years). Scores diagnosed on such scales as Self-distancing, Self-Transcendence, Freedom, Responsibility, Personality, Existentiality, and Fulfillment testify to the absence of grounds for the development of existential crisis (for a crisis of subjective evaluation of one’s own life). Thus, with the right medical and psychological support of young people, they have the ability to cope with themselves and with the world, and the feasibility of interaction with the internal and external demands and proposals presented to circumstances, correlating with their own values. At the same time, one should keep in mind that a possible conflict can lead to nervous breakdowns, decrease in the level of professional health (a professional fitness). In order to prevent this, it is necessary to identify persons at risk and prevent possible psychosocial adaptation disorders in advance, using direct methods of psychodiagnostic. To this end, both methods of psycho-counseling and solving personal problems through the provision of advice or other assistance are recommended.

The relationship between the experience of negative feelings and quality of life and the socio-demographical factors of patients treated for spinal discopathy of the lumbar spine

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Joanna Girzelska ◽  
Leszek Chomicki
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship

Most of the pathological changes in the spine begin with the physiological loss of intervertebral disc function. Discopathy of the lumbar spine leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of life, which is why the therapeutic team strives is to improve patients quality of life through actions aimed at reducing spinal dysfunction to an extent that allows for human functioning. The research aim was to determine the quality of life of patients who had been treated as a result of discopathy of the lumbar spine and to establish the relationship between the experience of negative feelings and a subjective assessment of the quality of life with factors resulting frompatient socio-demographics. The study included 110 patients treated for lumbar discopathy. A diagnostic survey method was employed as a research technique, with the use of a proprietary survey questionnaire. Statistic analysis of the results was performedusing the statistical package PQStat v1.6.6. Subjective evaluation of patients quality of life in 66 persons (60%) was at an average level, only 6 (5.45%) respondents rated the quality of their lives as being higher. Those living in towns of up to 50,000 residents rated their quality of life higher (6.21), with the lowest level being reported by those living in the countryside (4.95). Age did not influence significantly the quality of life, but older people most often experienced pain (p=0.4). Analysis of variance did not show statistically significant differences between marital status and respondent quality of life (p = 0.53) but did show significant differences between education levels and the incidence of negative feelings such as fear, anxiety or depression. Socio-demographic variables: such as gender, age and marital status do not significantly differentiate the quality of life of the respondents. There is a relationship between experiencing negative feelings and educational levels. The lower the education level obtained, the more often negative feelings are experienced. The experiencing of negative feelings and disease duration are variables that reduce the quality of life of respondents.

scholarly journals Quality of life in symptomatic cervical myelopathy after open-door laminoplasty

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Yuiti Nakao ◽  
Luiz Claudio Lacerda Rodrigues ◽  
Adalberto Bortoletto
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Rigid Fixation ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
High Degree

<sec><title>OBJECTIVE:</title><p> To analyze the results obtained by open-door laminoplasty using the Newbridge<sup>(r)</sup>/Blackstone plate, in cases of myelopathy associated with cervical lordosis.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS:</title><p> From December 2010 to October 2012, eight patients between the ages of 49 and 68 underwent open-door laminoplasty with the use of the Newbridge<sup>(r)</sup> fixation system for maintenance and stabilization of the cervical laminoplasty. Minimum follow-up was four months. For the evaluation of quality of life the questionnaire SF-36 was applied at the following times: preoperative, one month and three months after surgery associated with the subjective assessment of the patient regarding satisfaction with the procedure and with the Nurick neurological scale applied prior to surgery and three months later.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS:</title><p> According to the SF-36, there was significant improvement in the domains functional ability, general health perceptions and emotional aspects over time; regarding physical limitations and social aspects there was no improvement in the first postoperative month, only in the third month. There were no statistically significant changes observed during the period covered by this study related to pain, vitality and mental health. According to Nurick scale, there was evidence of improvement in symptoms of cervical myelopathy. Based on the subjective evaluation of the patients, surprisingly, all patients were satisfied with the surgical procedure and the results.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION:</title><p> The open-door laminoplasty technique with rigid fixation to maintain the opening is useful in improving the symptoms of cervical myelopathy associated with lordosis, leading to improved quality of life and with a high degree of patient satisfaction and fewer complications.</p></sec>

Assessment of the ergonomic quality of file handles using electromyographic and subjective methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Karsten Kluth ◽  
Horst G. Kellermann ◽  
Helmut Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Laboratory Device ◽  
Left And Right

In a comparative investigation 3 file handles were evaluated with regard to their ergonomic quality. By means of a mobile measuring system for the recording of peripheral-physiological data, the muscle strain of 9 muscles of the left and right hand-arm-shoulder system was quantified with surface electromyography. A special laboratory device facilitated the standardized execution of the tests. A specific bipolar questionnaire had enabled the subjective assessment of the design, surface material, general usability, avoidance of pressure marks and blisters, suitability for the exertion of the necessary pressure and pushing forces, and the suitability during hand perspiration. Also, the assessment of more or less favorable body positions to various filing directions was made. From substantial differences in the objective data and the subjective evaluation, the inference has to be drawn that only the combination of subjective surveys and objective measurements represent the opportunity to assess the ergonomic quality of working tools adequately.

scholarly journals Investigation of Quality of Experience Using ECG Features during Consumption of Audiovisual Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
Vytautas Abromavičius
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
To Receive

Development of new multimedia technologies allows us to receive better quality of audio and video content. Quality of Experience (QoE) evaluates given content from the consumer’s perspective. This measurement allows to evaluate not only visual and audible quality, but also general acceptability of provided service. QoE evaluation is getting popular between engineers, designers, retailers who wants to provide high quality content for consumers. QoE is generally evaluated subjectively by surveys. It is possible to find relationship between physiological signals measured while user is consuming audiovisual content and make the subjective evaluation of this experience. This paper investigates relationship between heart rate and QoE while user is watching 1 min duration video recordings on three different devices. Heart rate was calculated as mean RR interval for each recording. Mean RR intervals of 0.848 s, 0.869 s and 0.884 s were calculated for low, medium and high QoE device configurations, respectively. ANOVA analysis results indicates a relation between heart rate and QoE level. The results can help to develop further the investigations of QoE level and heart rate relationship for various subjective assessment, device configurations and content provided.

scholarly journals Social-Geographic Analysis And Assessment Of Population’s Quality Of Living (The Case Of Chernivtsi Region)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Lapushniak Myroslava ◽  
Hrytsku Veronika ◽  
Hrytsku-Andriesh Iuliia ◽  
Danilova Olha
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Third ◽  
Material State ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
Social Components

Abstract Thus, the Chernivtsi Region takes the third place in Ukraine with respect to quality of living. Traditionally high ratings are shown within the frame of social components (reproduction of population, social standing, and decent work). In the last years, situation has improved with regard to population’s comfort of life and level of education, though the ratings of education are the worst in Ukraine. Such components as material state (well-being) still stays to be problematic.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

Feasibility and Clinical Implications of Remotely Guided Ultrasound Examinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Quinn Dufurrena ◽  
Kazi Imran Ullah ◽  
Erin Taub ◽  
Connor Leszczuk ◽  
Sahar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Regional Wall Motion ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities ◽  
Wall Motion Abnormalities

BACKGROUND: Remotely guided ultrasound (US) examinations carried out by nonmedical personnel (novices) have been shown to produce clinically useful examinations, at least in small pilot studies. Comparison of the quality of such exams to those carried out by trained medical professionals is lacking in the literature. This study compared the objective quality and clinical utility of cardiac and pulmonary US examinations carried out by novices and trained physicians.METHODS: Cardiac and pulmonary US examinations were carried out by novices under remote guidance by an US expert and independently by US trained physicians. Exams were blindly evaluated by US experts for both a task-based objective score as well as a subjective assessment of clinical utility.RESULTS: Participating in the study were 16 novices and 9 physicians. Novices took longer to complete the US exams (median 641.5 s vs. 256 s). For the objective component, novices scored higher in exams evaluating for pneumothorax (100% vs. 87.5%). For the subjective component, novices more often obtained clinically useful exams in the assessment of cardiac regional wall motion abnormalities (56.3% vs. 11.1%). No other comparisons yielded statistically significant differences between the two groups. Both groups had generally higher scores for pulmonary examinations compared to cardiac. There was variability in the quality of exams carried out by novices depending on their expert guide.CONCLUSION: Remotely guided novices are able to carry out cardiac and pulmonary US examinations with similar, if not better, technical proficiency and clinical utility as US trained physicians, though they take longer to do so.Dufurrena Q, Ullah KI, Taub E, Leszczuk C, Ahmad S. Feasibility and clinical implications of remotely guided ultrasound examinations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):592–596.

KAMPÜS İÇİ ULAŞIMDA ALTERNATİF SEÇİMLER: KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukiye Tekin ◽  
Metin Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
City Image ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
Demographic Features

The contribution of universities to economic structure, social and physical insfrastructure, the quality of life and city, and the level of education cannot be regarded. Therefore, it should be provided that university campuses should be areas which reflect city image with their physical structures. In this regard, the effective administration, usage, and development of universities, and the coordination between the units of universities should also be provided. One of the most significant elements of this coordination and cooperation is on campus transportation. One of the main purposes of the thesis is to evaluate inner campus transportation which is the sub-unit of city transportation. Other purposes are to determine the reasons of the perception of the users in reference to their demographic features on campus transportation and the reasons of their preferences of a particular transportation option. A survey study has been conducted in order to measure inner campus transportation perceptions. In this regard, 1112 questionnaire forms have been analysed by the software programme of SPSS. Expression analysis of the reliability, frequency distribution and factors are obtained, and differences were identified by ANOVA and T-TEST analysis.

Threat of premature birth: psycho-social aspects

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
S. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O. Schurevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Mandatory Participation

The objective: to study the psychological characteristics of women’s status in one of the most common complications of pregnancy - the threat of termination of pregnancy, depending on the level of stress load. Patients and methods. We have studied the psychological status (the Holmes-Rahe level of psychosocial stress, the Spielberg-Hanin level of anxiety, V.I.Dobryakov’s related to a pregnancy test, diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms, assessment of quality of life) 60 pregnant women with threat of premature birth in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surveyed women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 30 pregnant women – forced migrant of Donetsk and Lugansk area and 2 group – 30 pregnant women who resided in Kiev. Results. At the same clinical picture of the threat of premature birth we detected discrepancy between the subjective assessment of their condition in women – forced migrants: a high level of situational and personal anxiety, decrease in physical (physical functioning, role-physical functioning) and psychological (social functioning, role emotional functioning) health, doubtful and pathological subtypes of gestational dominant. This creates prerequisites for complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum future period and requires the participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Conclusion. So, revealed a discrepancy between the objective clinical signs similar obstetric pathology (on the example of threatened abortion) in pregnant women with different levels of stress load and their subjective evaluation of their condition that affects their psychological status. This should be reflected in individually tailored therapy and be mainstreamed into the work of obstetricians and gynecologists with these patients, and requires mandatory participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Key words: pregnancy, the threat of premature birth, stress, psychological status.

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