Morphological Variation and Beta Carotene Contents of Several Clones of Ubi Kuning Cassava Genotype Derived from Irradiated Shoot in vitro

In line with the increase in cassava production and the development of nutrient-rich cassava in order to support national food diversification and biofortification programs, the selection of selected varieties of cassava varieties, which are superior in nutrients especially rich in beta carotene is very necessary. Beta carotene is an important source of antioxidants to scavange free radicals and is a provitamin A precusor to form vitamin A. The development of superior cassava riching in beta carotene can be done through the mutation approach with gamma irradiation. The observation of changes in morphological characters and levels of beta carotene from irradiated cassava need to be done to get the superior beta carotene cassava clone candidates, which could be developed in the future. This experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology Research Center, LIPI. The sample used in this study originated from in vitro shoots from several Ubi Kuning clones resulting from 10 Gy radiation, which were then transferred to the field. Observations of morphological characters and levels of beta carotene of Ubi Kuning were carried out in the third generation, which was harvested at the age of 10 months. The morphological analysis of irradiated Ubi Kuning showed that there was a difference in the intensity of tuber color between some of irradiated Ubi Kuning clones compared to the control. The determination of beta carotene levels based on the standard beta carotene curve found that the highest content of beta carotene was found in the UK Rad 3.4 clone with beta carotene content of 0.252 μg / mL compared to the control (0.219 μg / mL). The lowest beta carotene content was obtained in UK Rad 3.3 (0.048 μg / mL), followed by UK Rad 3.2 (0.221 μg / mL) and UK Rad 4.1 (0.120 μg / mL). This shows that the irradiated Ubi Kuning at dosage of 10 Gy caused variations in the intensity of tuber colors and the content of beta carotene from the cassava.Keywords: Ubi Kuning, beta carotene, Gamma light irradiation

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Changes in microstructure, beta carotene content and in vitro bioaccessibility of orange-fleshed sweet potato roots stored under different conditions

African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development ◽

10.4314/ajfand.v10i8.60888 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.A Tumuhimbise ◽

A Namutebi ◽

J.H Muyonga

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Carotene Content ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽

Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

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Common garden experiment reveals altered nutritional values and DNA methylation profiles in micropropagated three elite Ghanaian sweet potato genotypes

10.1101/471623 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Belinda Akomeah ◽

Marian D. Quain ◽

Sunita A. Ramesh ◽

Carlos M. Rodríguez López

Keyword(s):

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Common Garden ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Carotene Content ◽

Micropropagated Plants ◽

High Level

AbstractMicronutrient deficiency is the cause of multiple diseases in developing countries. Staple crop biofortification is an efficient means to combat such deficiencies in the diets of local consumers. Biofortified lines of sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L. Lam) with enhanced beta-carotene content have been developed in Ghana to alleviate Vitamin A Deficiency. These genotypes are propagated using meristem micropropagation to ensure the generation of virus-free propagules. In vitro culture exposes micropropagated plants to conditions that can lead to the accumulation of somaclonal variation with the potential to generate unwanted aberrant phenotypes. However, the effect of micropropagation induced somaclonal variation on the production of key nutrients by field-grown plants has not been previously studied. Here we assessed the extent of in vitro culture induced somaclonal variation, at a phenotypic, compositional and genetic/epigenetic level, by comparing field-maintained and micropropagated lines of three elite Ghanaian sweet potato genotypes grown in a common garden. Although micropropagated plants presented no observable morphological abnormalities compared to field maintained lines, they presented significantly lower levels of iron, total protein, zinc, and glucose. Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism analysis showed a high level of in vitro culture induced molecular variation in micropropagated plants. Epigenetic, rather than genetic variation, accounts for most of the observed molecular variability. Taken collectively, our results highlight the importance of ensuring the clonal fidelity of the micropropagated biofortified lines in order to reduce potential losses in the nutritional value prior to their commercial release.

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The Influence of Various Growth Regulators on Induction Organogenic Callus from Gajah and Kuning Cassava Genotype (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Jurnal ILMU DASAR ◽

10.19184/jid.v22i2.9305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Nurhamidar Rahman ◽

Hani Fitriani ◽

Nurhaidar Rahman ◽

N. Sri Hartati

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Research Center ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Organogenic Callus ◽

Biotechnology Research ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Cassava Plant ◽

Young Leaves

Kuning and Gajah genotypes are two collections of cassava in the Biotechnology Research Center for Germplasm, LIPI with the advantages of each genotype are high beta carotene and high production. The multiplication in in vitro culture can be done one of them through organogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using 2,4-D; NAA and Kinetin are used singly for the formation of organogenesis of cassava in the Kuning Cassava and Gajah genotypes. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Modification of Plant Biosynthetic Pathways, Biteknologi Research Center, LIPI, Bogor since January - February 2018. The source of explants were young leaves and petiols from cassava plant culture in vitro genotypes of Gajah and Kuning yam which were three months old. in culture. The basic media used as a planting medium were Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the addition of growth regulators (ZPT) singly, 2,4-D, NAA and Kinetin with two concentrations of ZPT each, 8 and 10 mg L- 1 This research was arranged based on a completely randomized design factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there is an influence then proceed with the DMRT test with an error rate of 5% using the SPSS program. The highest number of Kuning genotype cassava organogenic callus that developed into shoots on the medium added by ZPT was 2.4 D and kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Formation of the best organogenic callus in petiol explants in the media with the addition of a single 2,4-D and Kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Keywords: Cassava, growth regulators, organogenic.

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Phytotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects on the In Vitro Shoot Cultures Caused by Virus Elimination Treatments: Reasons and Solutions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040670 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 670

Author(s):

Katalin Magyar-Tábori ◽

Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki ◽

Alexandra Hanász ◽

László Zsombik ◽

Judit Dobránszki

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Physiological Condition ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Virus Elimination ◽

In Vitro Shoots ◽

Further Development ◽

In Vitro Shoot Cultures ◽

Harmful Effects

In general, in vitro virus elimination is based on the culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. During these processes, plantlets suffer several stresses, which can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology. Even though the in vitro cultures survive the treatment, further development can be inhibited; thus, regeneration capacity of treated in vitro shoots or explants play also an important role in successful virus elimination. Sensitivity of genotypes to treatments is very different, and the rate of destruction largely depends on the physiological condition of plants as well. Exposure time of treatments affects the rate of damage in almost every therapy. Other factors such as temperature, illumination (thermotherapy), type and concentration of applied chemicals (chemo- and cryotherapy), and electric current intensity (electrotherapy) also may have a great impact on the rate of damage. However, there are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. This review summarizes the harmful effects of virus elimination treatments applied on tissue cultures reported in the literature. The aim of this review is to expound the solutions that can be used to mitigate phytotoxic and other adverse effects in practice.

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