Exploration and Characterization of “Uwi” Plant (Dioscorea sp.) in East Java Uplands, Indonesia

“Uwi” (Dioscorea sp.) is a tuber plant species with potentials to support the national food diversity program because it has high tolerance when planted in upland areas, which are wide in Indonesia and beyond. The study aims to rescue germplasm of “Uwi” plants through exploration, identification, and collection for the sake of national long–term goal of providing alternative food sources to support food security. The research began with exploration of the west upland area of East Java, and continued with specimen planting for characterization testing in the following year. Exploration resulted in 127 samples of variants observed throughout uplands in Madiun, Ponorogo, Ngawi, Magetan and Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia with each result of 28, 26, 9, 20 and 44 variants. Five big groups of Dioscorea family namely Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea aculeata, Dioscorea hispida, Dioscorea pentaphylla and Dioscorea bulbifera were mapped out as a result. Using SPSS cluster analysis, D. alata as the most variant were specified into 20 groups and further gathered into seven clusters based on its main botanical characteristics of leaf shape, leaf color, stem color, tuber color, tuber shape, and skin color of the tuber. Meanwhile, D. aculeata and D. pentaphylla were each detailed into two sub–clusters and other types were each detailed into one.

Diversifikasi Pangan Melalui Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Lokal”Uwi” Sebagai Bahan Mie Instant

Abstract— Uwi plants (Dioscorea sp.) as one of the types of tuber plants have the potential to support food diversity and food security in the future because it is very tolerant to be planted on dry land with a huge potential in Indonesia. The research aims to obtain a variety of diversified foods based on uwi plants. The research method used a completely randomized design laboratory scale consisting of six treatments repeated three times. These factors are the various colors of tubers used as research material including dark yellow (orange), yellow, murky white, white, purple and purple spurt. Observations include texture, elasticity, aroma, colour and taste through organoleptic tests. Instant noodles and wet noodles are used as a comparison. The study was conducted in the Agronomy Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University, Madiun, from October to December 2018. The results showed that compared to conventional noodles as a control, the appearance of colour, taste, texture and aroma of noodles after being cooked was not much different. Whereas seen from the elasticity of uwi noodles has a lower elasticity. The difference is also in the appearance of raw dried noodles, the color and aroma are still inferior to dry noodles and instant noodles. Thus, uwi flour is potential to be developed as a food ingredient, considering that uwi carbohydrates have a low glycemic index. Keywords—: food diversity; dry noodle; tuber color; uwi flour.

Morphological Variation and Beta Carotene Contents of Several Clones of Ubi Kuning Cassava Genotype Derived from Irradiated Shoot in vitro

In line with the increase in cassava production and the development of nutrient-rich cassava in order to support national food diversification and biofortification programs, the selection of selected varieties of cassava varieties, which are superior in nutrients especially rich in beta carotene is very necessary. Beta carotene is an important source of antioxidants to scavange free radicals and is a provitamin A precusor to form vitamin A. The development of superior cassava riching in beta carotene can be done through the mutation approach with gamma irradiation. The observation of changes in morphological characters and levels of beta carotene from irradiated cassava need to be done to get the superior beta carotene cassava clone candidates, which could be developed in the future. This experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology Research Center, LIPI. The sample used in this study originated from in vitro shoots from several Ubi Kuning clones resulting from 10 Gy radiation, which were then transferred to the field. Observations of morphological characters and levels of beta carotene of Ubi Kuning were carried out in the third generation, which was harvested at the age of 10 months. The morphological analysis of irradiated Ubi Kuning showed that there was a difference in the intensity of tuber color between some of irradiated Ubi Kuning clones compared to the control. The determination of beta carotene levels based on the standard beta carotene curve found that the highest content of beta carotene was found in the UK Rad 3.4 clone with beta carotene content of 0.252 μg / mL compared to the control (0.219 μg / mL). The lowest beta carotene content was obtained in UK Rad 3.3 (0.048 μg / mL), followed by UK Rad 3.2 (0.221 μg / mL) and UK Rad 4.1 (0.120 μg / mL). This shows that the irradiated Ubi Kuning at dosage of 10 Gy caused variations in the intensity of tuber colors and the content of beta carotene from the cassava.Keywords: Ubi Kuning, beta carotene, Gamma light irradiation

KERAGAMAN GENETIK, HERITABILITAS DAN KORELASI ANTAR KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN DI NAPU

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of crops which cultivated by farmers in Central Sulawesi. These potatoes are traditionally cultivated without going through the breeding process, so they have high variations. This study aims to obtain information on genetic diversity, heritability, and correlation between the characterics of potatoes from farmers in Napu who are still cultivating potato crops. Design used in this study was a randomized block design with two replications. The results showed that tuber color and harvest age had a small coefficient of genetic diversity. The heritability values ​​of tuber color are include in the small category, Diameter of stem, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf color, tuber length, tuber diameter, tuber weight, number of tuber and harvest age in this study are include in the high category. So that, these characteristics can be derived and selection can be made. In Napu potatoes, the number of tubers was genetically positively (medium) correlated between plant height and stem diameters, plant height with leaf width, leaf length with leaf width, leaf length with tuber diameters and tuber diameters with the number of tubers. While the positive correlation was very significant (strong) between plant height and leaf length, and very significant (strong) negative correlation between leaf color and tuber length, so can be used as a selection criteria for increasing potato crops.

Segmentation of Potato Consumers Based on Sensory and Attitudinal Aspects

Consumer hedonic scores for potatoes were linked to sensory characteristics to understand the underlying consumer segments, flavor and texture preferences and attitudinal associations regarding potatoes. Consumers were asked to evaluate liking on a 9-point hedonic scale for 12 cultivars of potatoes. Sensory findings were collected by using a consensus-based descriptive analysis approach for the same cultivars. Segmentation analysis procedure identified three subgroups of consumers with different overall liking patterns, indicating variability in the acceptance of different potato cultivars. Drivers of liking were identified for respective segments by using preference mapping. Dissimilar features were found important in determining potato liking patterns. Purple Majesty, Masquerade and Rio Colorado cultivars were found most liked by respondents, while Russian Banana were found to be liked the least. Tuber color, price, variety name on package, color of peel, and being locally produced were found to be important factors in purchasing decisions.

Segmentation of Potato Consumers Based on Sensory and Attitudinal Aspects

Consumer hedonic scores for potatoes were linked to sensory characteristics to understand the underlying consumer segments, flavor and texture preferences and attitudinal associations regarding potatoes. Consumers were asked to evaluate liking on a 9-point hedonic scale for 12 cultivars of potatoes. Sensory findings were collected by using a consensus-based descriptive analysis approach for the same cultivars. Segmentation analysis procedure identified three subgroups of consumers with different overall liking patterns, indicating variability in the acceptance of different potato cultivars. Drivers of liking were identified for respective segments by using preference mapping. Dissimilar features were found important in determining potato liking patterns. Purple Majesty, Masquerade and Rio Colorado cultivars were found most liked by respondents, while Russian Banana were found to be liked the least. Tuber color, price, variety name on package, color of peel, and being locally produced were found to be important factors in purchasing decisions.

Identification of Morphology and Quality Character Determinant of Local Cassava [Manihot esculenta Crantz] Germplasm from West Sumatra

<p>Local germplasm of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) have an economic potential important for West Sumatra community. The local cassava has high morphological diversity. To distinguish different type of cassava, identification of morphology and tuber quality were required. The objective of this research was to identify morphology and tuber quality determinant characters of West Sumatra local Cassava. An analysis was performed on ten local cassava originated from four districts of West Sumatra and three other released varieties. Morphological characterization was performed based on International<br />Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) standard descriptors, whereas physical and chemical analyses were carried out in the Agricultural Product Technology Laboratory at University of Andalas, Padang. The research was conducted at Sukarami Experimental Station, Solok Regency in March 2015–February 2016. Morphological characters and data quality were first analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA analysis resulted 4 major component axes contributing to a total diversity of 78, 83, and 81.3% on plant morphology, tuber quality, and morphology and tuber color, respectively. Based on those<br />diversities, the thirteen varieties of cassava could be grouped into six clusters. Special characters that distinguishing between groups was the number of lobes, leaf stem length, shoot color, and leaf width. Meanwhile, based on its chemical content and morphology of tubers, the cassavas were grouped into five clusters, with the distinguishing characters were carbohydrate content, protein content, and tuber color. The varieties that have the highest weight of the tuber/plant were Kuning and Roti 2, with a production of 203–380% higher than the released varieties. On their tubers, varieties that had the lowest levels of HCN were Tangkai Merah-1, Dumai, and Roti 2, whereas those with starch content &gt;35% were Sanjai Padang Jariang, Jurai Merah, Kuning, Roti 2, and Hijau Pesisir Selatan. Each variety has its own specific morphological characters, tuber morphology, and chemical composition.</p>

Preserving Color in `Michigan Purple' Potatoes

The objective of this study was to evaluate preharvest fertilizer application and postharvest storage temperature and duration as they affect the intensity and stability of color in red and purple potato cultivars during storage. `Michigan Purple', `Dakota Rose', and `Chieftain' were stored at 4 °C and hue angle (h°) was measured weekly. The initial `Michigan Purple' h° of 1.1° changed to 23.2° after 18 weeks of storage (a shift in h° from 350° to 30° changes from purple to red) while the initial hue angle of 18.5° and 34.1° for red-skinned cultivars, `Dakota Rose' and `Chieftain', changed to 27.2° and 43.2°, respectively. Hence, the degree of color shift was greater in `Michigan Purple' although all the cultivars in this experiment underwent significant color change during storage. Hue angle of `Michigan Purple' tubers stored at 4°, 10°, and 20 °C for 8 weeks changed 19.4°, 12°, and 14.2° toward the redder h°, respectively. Thus, the color of `Michigan Purple' tubers changed the least at 10°C. Hue angle of `Michigan Purple' tubers fertilized with 180 lbs/acre slow-releasing nitrogen, 180 lbs/acre nitrogen, 270 lbs/acre nitrogen, and 2.5 lbs/acre poultry manure was measured after 5 weeks at 4 °C. Hue angles were 0.92°, 11.65°, 3.99°, and 1.34°, respectively. The hue of the first three treatments differed significantly from one another, but the hue of the potatoes treated with 180 lbs/acre slow-releasing nitrogen and 2.5 lbs/acre poultry manure did not differ. Preharvest factors like plant nutrition can influence tuber color in storage and `Michigan Purple' tuber color is particularly sensitive to storage temperature.