scholarly journals The Influence of Various Growth Regulators on Induction Organogenic Callus from Gajah and Kuning Cassava Genotype (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Nurhamidar Rahman ◽  
Hani Fitriani ◽  
Nurhaidar Rahman ◽  
N. Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Organogenic Callus ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Young Leaves

Kuning and Gajah genotypes are two collections of cassava in the Biotechnology Research Center for Germplasm, LIPI with the advantages of each genotype are high beta carotene and high production. The multiplication in in vitro culture can be done one of them through organogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using 2,4-D; NAA and Kinetin are used singly for the formation of organogenesis of cassava in the Kuning Cassava and Gajah genotypes. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Modification of Plant Biosynthetic Pathways, Biteknologi Research Center, LIPI, Bogor since January - February 2018. The source of explants were young leaves and petiols from cassava plant culture in vitro genotypes of Gajah and Kuning yam which were three months old. in culture. The basic media used as a planting medium were Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the addition of growth regulators (ZPT) singly, 2,4-D, NAA and Kinetin with two concentrations of ZPT each, 8 and 10 mg L- 1 This research was arranged based on a completely randomized design factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there is an influence then proceed with the DMRT test with an error rate of 5% using the SPSS program. The highest number of Kuning genotype cassava organogenic callus that developed into shoots on the medium added by ZPT was 2.4 D and kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Formation of the best organogenic callus in petiol explants in the media with the addition of a single 2,4-D and Kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Keywords: Cassava, growth regulators, organogenic.

scholarly journals In vitro meristem-tip culture and regeneration approaches in Congolese cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Boma and cv. Mpelo-Nlongi)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
J.-Roger Bansimba Mukiese ◽  
Aimé Diamuini Ndofunsu ◽  
Freddy Bulubulu ◽  
Alexandre Mbaya Ntumbula ◽  
Sébastien Luyindula Ndiku
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Adenine Sulphate ◽  
Meristem Tip Culture ◽  
The Media

<p>Shiny dome-like structures measuring less than 1mm in length were excised aseptically from shoot tip buds of infected of two cassava (<em>Manihot esculenta</em> Crantz) local cultivars (Boma and Mpelo Nlongi) and cultivated <em>in vitro</em> in two types of media with different combination of growth hormone: Murashige and Skoog supplemented of sucrose (20 g/l), Naphtalenacetic acid (NAA, 10 μM), Ben-zylaminopurine (BAP, 0.66 μM) as well as Gibberellic acid (GA3, 0.1 μM) with 80 mg/l of Adenine sulphate and MS-free growth regulators. After four weeks, data were scored: 29.5% responding explant with callus formation and 20.5% responding explants to shoot development in the medium with growth regulators for the cultivar Boma whereas the cultivar Mpelo-Nlongi presented 5.7% and 25.7% respectively of callus formation and shoot development. The cultivar Boma presented a tendency more pronounced for the callus formation rather than with the shoot development contrary to the cultivar Mpelo-Nlongi. In regards of this experiment, it was shown that the media composition and genotype are essential factors, which influence in vitro growth, mainly the shoot development, in the culture of meristems for cassava local accessions.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of in vitro aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) on the larvae of Haemonchus contortus as intestinal parasite of sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Lopes Medeiros ◽  
Marney Pascoli Cereda Cereda ◽  
Gabriel Furrer Matos Braz
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Cassava Plant

Abstract Animals feeding with cassava is frequent. In the case of sheep, the producer relates consumption to a reduction in the parasite load. The literature has proven the effect of phenolic compounds as an anthelmintic in vivo, but no evidence for cyanogenic compounds, also present in all parts of the cassava plant, was found. A controlled in vitro bioassay was used to evaluate the aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves. The efficiency parameter was the imobility of Haemonchus contortus larvae at stage L3, also used to evaluate commercial anthelmintics. Culture plates with 100 active L3 larvae per well were used, constituted a replicate of a total of three. It was placed in these wells, water extract of fresh cassava leaves (FCL) macerated in water, Ivomec® 0.01% (PCI) as positive control and distilled water as negative one (NCW). By considering the immobility of the larvae as a positive anthelmintic effect, the results showed that in NCW all larvae were mobile, while in PCI all 300 larvae were immobile. FCL produced a gradient of larval inactivation correlation (r2 0.996). The best fit equation was y = -33.39ln(x) + 40.517, a logarithmic one, which allowed to calculate the Lethal Concentration (CL) of 3. 44µg.CN-.ml, or 80.0 mg of fresh cassava leaves per milliliter, with performance equivalent to ivermectin. This concentration of free cyanide is compatible with safe consumption of fresh leaves by live weight of sheep. The exact amount of cassava roots, leaves or shoots consumed to provide an effective dose for controlling Haemonchus contort should be established in vivo. Although phenolic compounds must also be present in the extract, immobility was attributed to cyanogenic compounds since the correlation was proportional to the increase in cyanide concentration. It can be concluded that the consumption of fresh cassava leaves has potential as an anthelmintic agent to be evaluated in vivo by feeding sheep and goats. Local use could also add value to the production of fresh cassava leaves, with an average potential production of 2.5 t/ha, available throughout the year, with greater production at the beginning of cultivation and in the summer months. These leaves could be used after the roots harvesting or even in pruning for this purpose. Currently, this volume of good quality protein material is in the field, unused.

scholarly journals In vitro effect of aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) on the larvae of Haemonchus contortus as an intestinal parasite of sheep.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Lopes Medeiros ◽  
Marney Pascoli Cereda Cereda ◽  
Gabriel Furrer Matos Braz
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Vitro Effect

Abstract Cassava is frequently fed to animals. In the case of sheep, the producer relates consumption to a reduction in the parasite load. The literature has proven the effect of phenolic compounds as an anthelmintic in vivo, but no evidence for cyanogenic compounds, also present in all parts of the cassava plant, was found. A controlled in vitro bioassay was used to evaluate the aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves. The efficiency parameter was the immobility of Haemonchus contortus larvae at the L3 stage, also used to evaluate commercial anthelmintics. Cell culture plates with 100 active L3-stage larvae per well were used, being each replicate constituted by three wells. Aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves (FCL), Ivomec® 0.01% (PCI) as the positive control, and distilled water as negative control (NCW), were placed in the culture plate wells. Considering the immobility of the larvae as a positive anthelmintic effect, the results showed that in NCW treatments all larvae were mobile, while in PCI all 300 larvae were immobile. FCL produced a gradient of larval inactivation correlation (R2 0.996). The best-fit equation was y = -33.39ln(x) + 40.517, a logarithmic equation, which allowed the calculation of the Lethal Concentration (CL) of 3.44 µg CN- ml, or 80.0 mg of fresh cassava leaves per milliliter of water, with a performance equivalent to ivermectin. This concentration of free cyanide is compatible with the safe consumption of fresh leaves by live weight of sheep. The exact amount of cassava roots, leaves, or shoots, consumed to provide an effective dose for controlling H. contort should be established in vivo. Although phenolic compounds must also be present in the extract, the immobility was attributed to cyanogenic compounds since the correlation was proportional to the increase in the cyanide concentration. It can be concluded that the consumption of fresh cassava leaves has the potential as an anthelmintic agent to be evaluated in vivo by feeding sheep and goats. Local use could also add value to the production of fresh cassava leaves, with an average potential production of 2.5 tonnes ha-1, available throughout the year, with greater production at the beginning of cultivation and in the summer months. These leaves could be used after the roots harvesting or even after pruning for this purpose. Currently, this amount of good quality protein material remains without use in the field.

scholarly journals Morphological Variation and Beta Carotene Contents of Several Clones of Ubi Kuning Cassava Genotype Derived from Irradiated Shoot in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nurhamidar Rahman ◽  
Supatmi Supatmi ◽  
Hani Fitriani ◽  
N Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
In Vitro Shoots ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Standard Beta ◽  
Tuber Color ◽  
The Uk

In line with the increase in cassava production and the development of nutrient-rich cassava in order to support national food diversification and biofortification programs, the selection of selected varieties of cassava varieties, which are superior in nutrients especially rich in beta carotene is very necessary. Beta carotene is an important source of antioxidants to scavange free radicals and is a provitamin A precusor to form vitamin A. The development of superior cassava riching in beta carotene can be done through the mutation approach with gamma irradiation. The observation of changes in morphological characters and levels of beta carotene from irradiated cassava need to be done to get the superior beta carotene cassava clone candidates, which could be developed in the future. This experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology Research Center, LIPI. The sample used in this study originated from in vitro shoots from several Ubi Kuning clones resulting from 10 Gy radiation, which were then transferred to the field. Observations of morphological characters and levels of beta carotene of Ubi Kuning were carried out in the third generation, which was harvested at the age of 10 months. The morphological analysis of irradiated Ubi Kuning showed that there was a difference in the intensity of tuber color between some of irradiated Ubi Kuning clones compared to the control. The determination of beta carotene levels based on the standard beta carotene curve found that the highest content of beta carotene was found in the UK Rad 3.4 clone with beta carotene content of 0.252 μg / mL compared to the control (0.219 μg / mL). The lowest beta carotene content was obtained in UK Rad 3.3 (0.048 μg / mL), followed by UK Rad 3.2 (0.221 μg / mL) and UK Rad 4.1 (0.120 μg / mL). This shows that the irradiated Ubi Kuning at dosage of 10 Gy caused variations in the intensity of tuber colors and the content of beta carotene from the cassava.Keywords: Ubi Kuning, beta carotene, Gamma light irradiation

scholarly journals Production of reserpine of rauwolfia serpentina [L] kurz ex benth through in vitro culture enriched with plant growth regulators of NAA and kinetin

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subandi ◽  
Dikayan . ◽  
Efrin Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Design Weight

Rauwolfia serpentine [L] Kurz ex Benth is a valuable plant yielding alkaloid of reserpine. The aim of this study was to find the most effective way of reserpine production. Growth regulators {naphthalene acetic acid [NAA] and Kinetin}were applied to promote and to regulate the growth of explant of R. serpentine cultured in vitro. The study was conducted at the laboratory of Bandung Institute of Technology [ITB]. Nine formulations of NAA and Kinetin were the treatments that were repeated twice in completely randomized design. Weight of callus was measured at one, two, three and four weeks after induction of explant. Reserpine analysis was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC]. The result showed that the best callus induction was the treatment of 2.5 ppm NAA + 2.5 ppm Kinetin, and the highest content of reserpine was in root organ [0.0021 g / L], and in callus [0.0021 g / L] at the age of 4 weeks after induction. There was revealed that in vitro culture method was more productive in producing reserpine compound than the conventional plantation of R serpentine.  Production of reserpine by callus culture was more effective and may be the basic for recommended further effort.  

scholarly journals INDUKSI KALUS CENGKEH DARI EKSPAN DAUN MENGGUNAKAN 2,4-D SECARA IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulianti Rasud ◽  
Zainuddin Basri ◽  
Nirwan Sahiri
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Callus induction is one method of tissue culture which is done by stimulating cell division continuously from certain plant parts such as leaves, roots, stems, and so on by using growth regulators to form cell mass. The cell mass (callus) will then regenerate through organogenesis or embryogenesis to become a new plant. One of the growth regulators used for callus induction is 2,4-D. The aims of this experiments was to evaluate the best concentration of 2,4-D for callus induction of clove leaves. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with treatment tested was concentrations of 2,4-D, consisted of six levels, namely 0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 2.5 ppm and 3.0 ppm. Results of this experiments indicated that the best medium composition for callus induction was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 ppm 2,4-D.  In the medium composition, the fastest callus formation, namely 6.00 weeks after culture and the percentage of callus formation reached 100% with the color and texture of the resulting callus white and crumb. Keyword : Callus Induction, Clove, 2,4-DABSTRAK Induksi kalus merupakan salah satu metode kultur jaringan yang dilakukan dengan jalan memacu pembelahan sel secara terus menerus dari bagian tanaman tertentu seperti daun, akar, batang, dan sebagainya dengan menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh hingga terbentuk massa sel. Massa sel (kalus) tersebut selanjutnya akan beregenerasi melalui organogenesis ataupun embriogenesis hingga menjadi tanaman baru. Salah satu zat pengatur tumbuh yang digunakan untuk induksi kalus adalah 2,4-D. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi 2,4-D yang lebih baik untuk induksi kalus daun cengkeh.  Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah media MS yang ditambahkan berbagai konsentrasi 2,4-D yaitu 0,50 ppm, 1,5 ppm, 2 ppm, 2,5 ppm, dan 3 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi media yang terbaik untuk induksi kalus daun cengkeh adalah media MS yang ditambahkan 0,5 ppm 2,4-D.  Pada komposisi media tersebut diperoleh saat muncul kalus paling cepat, yaitu rata-rata 6,00 MST dengan persentase pembentukan kalus tertinggi mencapai 100% dengan warna dan tekstur kalus yang dihasilkan putih dan remah. Kata Kunci :  Induksi Kalus, Cengkeh, 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Multiplikasi Tunas dan Induksi Perakaran Pada Perbanyakan Rhododendron radians J.J.Sm (Ericaceae) Secara In Vitro [Shoot Multiplication and Root Induction on In Vitro Propagation of Rhododendron radians J.J.Sm (Ericaceae)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Tri Warseno ◽  
Dyan Meiningsasi Siswoyo Putri
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Four Levels

<p><em>Rhododendron</em> radians merupakan tanaman hias yang hanya ditemukan di Sulawesi Tengah dan Utara. Perbanyakan secara massal diperlukan untuk komersialisasi tanaman tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan teknik mikropropagasi secara in vitro yang tepat untuk R. radians melalui percobaan pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) pada media kultur. Penelitian terdiri atas dua tahap percobaan. Percobaan 1 perlakuan kombinasi ZPT untuk proliferasi tunas disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor, yaitu media (delapan kombinasi media) dengan menggunakan dua konsentrasi IAA (0,1 mg/l dan 1,0 mg/l) dan empat konsentrasi 2iP (0, 6, 7, dan 8 mg/l). Percobaan 2 adalah perlakuan IBA untuk pertumbuhan tunas dan pengakaran menggunakan lima variasi media (M1 = media WPM (kontrol), M2 = media WPM + 0,25 mg/l IBA, M3 = media WPM + 0,5 mg/l IBA, M4 = media WPM + 1 mg/l IBA, M5 = media WPM + 5 mg/l IBA). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa media WPM dengan penambahan 1,0 mg/l IAA dan 7,0 mg/l 2iP merupakan media terbaik untuk induksi tunas pada R. radians, dengan jumlah tunas rata-rata 15,80 + 3,45 cm dan tinggi tunas rata-rata 2,36 + 0,25 cm, sedangkan media terbaik untuk induksi akar adalah media M4 (WPM + 1,0 mg/l IBA), dengan persentase eksplan berakar 63,33% dan panjang akar rata-rata 4,7 mm. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan awal untuk melakukan perbanyakan secara massal R. radians dan diharapkan penelitian lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan sampai dengan tahap aklimatisasi.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Auksin; Media; Mikropropagasi; <em>Rhododendron radians</em></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Rhododendron radians is an ornamental plant that found only in Sulawesi (Central and North). Commercialization of this species requires mass propagated plant materials. This study aimed to determine the proper technique for R. radians micropropagation in vitro. This study used two stages of treatment i.e (1) treatment of IAA on shoot proliferation R. radians arranged in completely randomized design with one factor (eight medium combination), the concentration of plant growth regulators IAA which consisted of two levels: 0.1 mg/l, and 1 mg/l and concentration of growth regulators 2iP consisting of four levels (0,6, 7, and 8 mg / l); (2) IBA treatment on shoot growth and rooting using five variations of the medium (M1 = WPM (control), M2 = WPM + 0.25 mg/l IBA, M3 = WPM + 0.5 mg/l IBA, M4 = WPM + 1 mg/l IBA; M5 = WPM + 5 mg/l IBA). The results showed that the WPM added with 1 mg/l IAA and 7 mg/l 2iP was the best medium for shoot induction initiated from seed culture, with the average number of shoots 15. 80 ± 3.45 cm and an average shoot height of 2.36 ± 0.25 cm. While the best medium for root induction was M4 (WPM + 1 mg / l IBA), with a percentage of 63.33% rooted explants and the average root length of 4.7 mm. The results of this study can be used as a starting point to conduct mass propagation R. radians.</p>

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN BIBIT UNGGUL PORANG (Amarphopallus oncophilus) MELALUI TEKNIK KULTUR IN VITRO UNTUK MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL

el–Hayah ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Suheriyanto ◽  
Romaidi Romaidi ◽  
Ruri Siti Resmisari
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Plant Propagation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>Porang (Amarphophallus. oncophyllus) is a type of plant tubers that have the potential and prospects for development in Indonesia. In addition to readily available, plants are also capable of producing carbohydrates and high harvest index. The last few years a very large porang needs. Porang plant propagation is vegetative and generative in which to make the seeds are ready to harvest takes between 4-6 months. This study aims to determine kinds of the appropriate medium for growing plants porang network and determine the concentration  of  each  medium,  so  we  get  a  superior  porang  plants.  Research  using factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is a growth regulator BAP concentration: 0 mg / l, 0.5 mg / l, 1.0 mg / l, 1.5 mg / l and 2.0 mg / l, while the second factor is the concentration of IBA 0 mg / l, 0.5 mg / l and 1.0 mg / l, in order to obtain 15 treatments and each treatment made 15 replications. Data were collected for the pengkalusan, contamination callus, callus mortality rate, number of buds, leaf buds height, number of leaves and root. The results showed that the addition of plant growth regulators (hormones) BAP in MS medium effect on the number of shoots, buds and the high number of young leaves. The addition of hormone IBA in MS medium pengkalusan affect the process and the number of roots. The addition of hormone BAP and IBA on MS medium did not significantly affect mortality contamination callus and callus. The interaction between BAP and IBA hormone given on MS medium did not significantly affect the pengkalusan, contamination callus, callus mortality rate, number of buds, leaf buds height, number of leaves and root</p> <p> </p>

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