scholarly journals Czy zwierzę może być dziełem sztuki. Kilka refleksji na marginesie książki Jerzego Lutego „Sztuka jako adaptacja”

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Aesthetic Sense ◽  
Cultural Processes

Art as Adaptation [published in Polish as Sztuka jako adaptacja], a book by Jerzy Luty, provokes one to seek the roots of art not only in cultural processes but also in biological (evolutionary) processes. The consequences of this evolutionistic perspective render the question whether other species, apart from human beings, create art, and if so, how it manifests itself valid. In this paper, I emphasise that if we recognise art as the effect of evolutionary processes, we should also face the fact that at least some species of animals should be treated as authors or creators to some degree. What is more, we should recognise that these animals themselves are works of art. To justify this thesis, naturalists point to birds. The recognition that animals can create art implies another question, namely, whether they have an aesthetic sense. Finally, there is one more question that needs to be reflected upon, which is whether nature itself is beautiful (ugly), or aesthetically neutral, analogous to the question of whether it is good or bad. The latter question is ontological.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Bialecki
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Meaningful Category ◽  
Open Nature

After recapitulating the arguments of the book, the conclusion asks what in what way this book’s claims might be salient for a larger anthropological discussion of religion? It argues that religion’s unfixed and open nature, the very traits that have caused some to question whether religion is an intelligible comparative category, is actually what informs religion as a meaningful category. It argues that the absent nature of the more than human beings and forces that stand at religion’s heart allows it to take up a plurality of different forms of materiality, and that this wealth of different materialities allows religion to operate in effect as a fly-wheel for other social-cultural processes and assemblages, accelerating, decelerating, or mutating other processes to an unmatched degree.

scholarly journals The Soul’s Need to Connect with God through the Language of Art: Analysis from an Islamic Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Recep Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
The Way

Human beings express their emotions through the language of art; it is therefore both the spirit of progress and one of the most important means of developing emotions. Consequently, those who cannot make use of this means are incomplete in their maturation. Ideas and other products of the imagination can be given tangible form with the magical key of art. By means of art, humanity can exceed the limits of the earth and reach feelings beyond time and space. Beauty in the realm of existence can be recognized through art. Moreover, the great abilities inherent in human nature can be understood and witnessed in works of art. However, from an Islamic point of view, there are some restrictions on certain fields such as sculpture and painting. It is therefore imperative to analyse the notion of art in Islam and its philosophy and then reflect upon the need of the spirit to connect to God through the language of art while meeting some religious obstacles on the way.

Art and Morality

Philosophy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sauchelli
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Criticism ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Works Of Art

A great number of works of art, it is commonly claimed, are aesthetically valuable. Some philosophers have even argued that providing an aesthetically pleasing experience is their only proper function. However, some of these artworks display or invite us to adopt an immoral point of view. Even worse, they even seem to make immoral situations delightful and appealing. The following questions thus arise: Does the alleged immorality of these works count as an aesthetic or artistic defect? Can an immoral movie or novel ever be a great example of its kind? In addition to these concerns related to art evaluation, the connection between various forms of art and morality has been investigated by discussing the capacity of works of art to move us emotionally. More specifically, thinkers from different traditions and ages have remarked that works of art are clearly able, first, to stir our emotions in a particularly effective way, and, second, to invite us to act following certain ideas that have been made appealing by their beauty or other aesthetic qualities. Plato was the first in the Western tradition to evaluate in a systematic way whether, as a consequence of the previous considerations, we should supervise the storytellers who are supposed to educate our youth. Other philosophers, from Aristotle to more recent advocates of the value of the humanities, have argued in favor of the positive role that truly great works of art may have in our moral education. Contemporary philosophers are also interested in the role of imagination in fictional immoral contexts (can we engage with immoral works of art and be justified in so doing?). They are also interested in the role played by art in contributing to our well-being and flourishing as human beings. The great majority of recent works on the topic, however, are focused on an assessment of the arguments in favor or against ethical criticism, with a particular emphasis on the criticism of representational works of art. Other issues at the intersection of art and morality are the concept of the obscene, the value of pornography, and censorship.

scholarly journals A critical analysis of human improvement projects from the perspective of the self-organization theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Mariana C. Broens
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Status Quo Bias ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
The Status

Based on the theory of self-organization, the objective of this paper is tocritically discuss the theses defended by the postulators of two projects that aim toimprove human nature: eugenics and transhumanism. We will try to show that the“science of eugenics”, proposed by Francis Galton (1883), and the contemporarytranshumanist project, outlined since the second half of the 20th century, share thecontroversial belief that human beings, through science and technology, are able tosuccessfully control the evolutionary processes of human species. We will try to showthat this belief disregards the central characteristics of the complex self-organizedadaptive evolutionary processes of organisms in general. For this purpose, we willcritically analyse the central theses of the transhumanist project and the “status quo bias”argument proposed by Bolton and Ord (2006) in defence of such theses. We conclude byemphasizing that the proponents of the contemporary transhumanist project would benefitfrom a fallibilistic perspective that would allow them to face the project's social andethical possible implications with epistemic prudence.

Jurnal Siti Syahrianti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti syahrianti
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Works Of Art

ABSTRAKSumber Daya Manusia (SDM) mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam pembangunanbangsa, sehingga untuk meningkatkan kualitas SDM diperlukan pendidikan. Mahasiswamerupakan salah satu bagian dari sumber daya manusia Indonesia dan sekaligus merupakan asetbangsa yang kelak akan menjadi generasi penerus dalam pembangun bangsa. Dalam upayamewujudkan bangsa dan masyarakat indonesia yang maju, mandiri dan sejahtera, perananpendidikan sangat penting. Pendidikan tinggi melalui kegiatan penelitian dan keilmuan dapatmenghasilkan berbagai pemikiran dan konsepsi untuk memajukan harkat dan martabat manusiaserta budaya bangsa melalui kegiatan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan karyaseni yang bermutu sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembangunan.Kata kunci: Sumber Daya Manusia, SDM, Manusia, Sumber Daya, Kualitas Manusia.ABSTRACTHuman Resources (HR) has a very important role in nation-building, so to improve the quality ofhuman resources requires education. Students are a part of Indonesian human resources and atthe same time are national assets that will become the next generation in building the nation. In aneffort to realize an advanced, independent and prosperous Indonesian nation and society, the roleof education is very important. Higher education through research and scientific activities canproduce a variety of thoughts and conceptions to advance the dignity of human beings and thenation's culture through the development of quality science and technology and works of art inaccordance with development needs.Keywords: Human Resources, HR, Human, Resources, Quality of Human.

scholarly journals Marilynne Robinson, Gilead, and the Battle for the Soul

Perichoresis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Annette Aronowicz
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Marilynne Robinson ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Many ◽  
Widespread View ◽  
The Way

Abstract A widespread view among contemporary philosophers and scientists is that the soul is a mystification. For Marilynne Robinson, American essayist and novelist, the crux of the matter is not the existence of the soul in itself, since this cannot be settled by debate. Rather, she challenges the sort of evidence that her opponents—mostly basing themselves on the work of neuroscientists, and evolutionary biologists—deem to be decisive in determining the question. The soul, she claims, does not appear at the level of our genes and neurons. Rather it is encountered in the many works of art and reflection that human beings have produced from the earliest times. This paper will focus on one such document, Robinson’s novel Gilead (2004), in which she proposes a vision of the soul closely allied to the notion of blessing. Blessing, in turn, is inseparable from metaphor, pointing us to mystery, an elusive reality whose presence we experience only intermittently, although it is always there. Although Robinson’s several collections of essays provide needed context for the view of the soul displayed in the novel, it is our claim that it is the novel that truly turns the tables in the debate, inviting the reader to affirm or deny the soul’s reality not on the basis of the pronouncement of experts but on the basis of the way a given language aligns with experience. The internalization that such a process requires reveals the soul in action. This paper is thus a reading of Robinson’s writings on the soul.

scholarly journals Glimpsing Truth and “[Making] it whole”: Art as Personal and Social Unity in Virginia Woolf

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Fairbairn
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Internal Process ◽  
To The Lighthouse ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
Between The Acts ◽  
The Subject

Multiplicity and unity echo throughout Virginia Woolf’s work, especially as related to art and its function. All three intersect in Woolf’s conception of moments of being, which induce a state of heightened perception and cognition, allowing the subject to transcend everyday modes of thinking and being. These moments are integral to art, as they inspire artists to create in order to unify intangible and fleeting experiences. Woolf’s novel To the Lighthouse follows painter Lily Briscoe along her journey from experiencing moments of being to exacting her vision on the canvas, focusing particularly on the hegemonic obstacles that interrupt this process. Woolf’s later novel Between the Acts narrativizes the playwright and director Miss La Trobe, focusing less on her internal process of creating art and more on how her art operates socially and ethically, as it necessarily involves the participation of human beings and nature itself. Through artist characters, both novelsshow how moments of being, as glimpses of higher unity, inspire works of art which in turn unify on both personal and socioethical levels.

scholarly journals Searching for real holism

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Shared Understandings

SummaryRobin Downie provides useful reminders of the broad basis of medical practice. This should encourage the sort of ‘engaged attention’ that he describes – the sort of attention needed to appreciate works of art. But what else is going on in a clinical encounter (as in a work of art)? This commentary suggests that real communication is to be understood in dramaturgical terms as occurring between actors in real time and space. It involves shared understandings, which require empathy but which depend on something ineffable to do with our standing as human beings in the world.

Shoah

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Shoshana Felman
Keyword(s):  
Event Memory ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Second Degree

This chapter explores the enduring potency of Claude Lanzmann’s film Shoah (1985) for illuminating the nature of event, memory, witnessing, and testimony (testimony to a private and collective trauma). It considers the implications of a film that some view as a documentary—but which this chapter considers, rather, as one of the greatest works of art of our times—a film that, in an unparalleled and paradoxical way, refuses systematically to use any historical, archival footage. The chapter argues that Lanzmann’s work of stark originality is a radically unprecedented cinematic, artistic and philosophical creation, about the witnessing of a shattering historical catastrophe, viewed from the present, that is, from the corporeal and emotional presences of the human beings who were once its protagonists (its executioners, its victims, its bystanders). As the chapter recalibrates our sense of witnessing, of seeing, and of what counts as bearing witness to an unthinkable event, it explores why Lanzmann should be understood himself as an innovative kind of cinematic witness—indeed, as a profoundly philosophical filmmaker, witness in the second degree of a cataclysmic history, whose living corporeality resists becoming simply past.

Introduction What are we Reading?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Paul R. Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
Chinese Aesthetics ◽  
Philosophical Texts

This introductory chapter argues that one of the first questions that readers must ask themselves, regardless of their hermeneutic framework, is what they are reading. In Chinese philosophy, the question is not often raised, in part because of the long-standing but specious assumption that the eight classic philosophical texts were written by the great masters whose names they bear. This approach is congruent with a cardinal tenet of traditional Chinese aesthetics: works of art and literature are produced by talented human beings as a way of channeling their responses to poignant events. It follows that a great work must have been composed by a great author—and since the texts are undeniably great, each one must have been produced by a magnificently talented human being. But far from denigrating Chinese philosophy, liberating it from these mythic suppositions only improves our understanding and appreciation of it.

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