A FIVE-YEAR SURVEY IN TUSCANY (ITALY) AND DETECTION OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSASUBSPECIES MULTIPLEXIN POTENTIAL INSECT VECTORS, COLLECTED IN MONTE ARGENTARIO

The vector‐borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa(Wells and Raju) causes several serious diseases to plants. Recently, different subspecies of X. fastidiosa were reported in some European countries. The risk of the bacterium’s spread on the entire European territory is very high; therefore, it has been added into the priority pest list (2019/1702/EU Regulation). The main purposes of this work were to verify the presence of potential vectors in areas at a high risk of introduction in Tuscany and to ascertain the presence of X. fastidiosa in these insect vectors. Over 4,000 Auchenorrhyncha were collected and analysed from 2015 to 2019. Among the xylem sap-feeder putative vectors, most of the insects collected belonged to the family Aphrophoridae, but also many species of leafhopper were identified. Overall, in Tuscany four species were the most represented: Philaenus spumarius(L.), Cicadella viridis(L.), Synophropsis lauri (Horvath) and Neophilaenus campestris(Fallen).In 2018 an outbreak of X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex was reported in Monte Argentario (Grosseto province, Tuscany). In 2019 X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex ST 87 was detected in seven P. spumarius and three N. campestris collected from the infected area.

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Analysis Flies Density at Final Waste Disposal Jember Distric Area, Indonesia (Studi at Pakusari landfill and Ambulu landfill)

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ◽

10.20473/jkl.v12i2.2020.136-143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum ◽

Disny Prajnawita ◽

Prehatin Trirahayu Ningrum

Keyword(s):

Waste Disposal ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

Open Dumping ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Landfill Management ◽

Very High ◽

Breeding Place

Introduction: Flies can transmitted disease. The final waste disposals were the breeding place of flies, especially when the final waste disposals weren`t implementation in good management. The objectives of the research were to analyze the differences between flies density in the Pakusari landfill and Ambulu landfill, Jember District, Indonesia. Method: the method was analytic with a cross-sectional design. The data were collected with observation, interview and measure the flies density. The population was all of the area kavling in the Pakusari and Ambulu landfill. The samples were total population. There were 4 active kavling in the landfill, and interview 68 head of the family which stays around the landfill how the flies disrupt their daily activity. The measurements of flies density were using fly grill, stopwatch, form the flies density. The type of flies was identification. Result and Discussion: Waste disposal management at Pakusari landfill was a controlled landfill, and Ambulu was open dumping. Both of flies density of the landfill were categorized very high. The measurement of flies density was in September 2019, whereas the Pakusari landfill using open dumping because of the equipment was broken. The highest flies density on Pakusari at kavling 2 dan 3,4 were 44,4 per 30 seconds (point 1) and 42,4 per 30 seconds (point 1). At kavling 2, 3 Ambulu landfills were 34 per 30 seconds (point 6) and 31,4 per second (point 1) There were sig difference flies density between Pakusari and Ambulu landfill (p=0,000). The most of flies were Musca Domestica(81%). The most distribution of flies were disturbed by the view, causing diarrhea, typus. Conclussion: Waste disposal landfill management should be improving with sanitary landill to control the flies density and decrease the vector-borne disease.

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Low/High-risk Earmolds: New Technologies and their Application from 2019 to the Present

10.47363/jmhc/2021(3)142 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Barbero A ◽

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

New Technologies ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Excessive Pressure ◽

Small Probe ◽

The Family ◽

Sound Feedback ◽

Very High

Until 2019, hearing aid molds were made with silicones that copied the shape of the ear, creating a positive and a negative mold to reproduce the shape and volume in cubic centimeters of the ear. This system had the disadvantage of lack of precision. Due to the pressure of the silicones during their placement in the ear, the soft tissues are deformed. This is especially important when the deafness is severe or profound. Because a very high sound power is required and sound leakage occurs. That leaking sound is feedback into the hearing aid microphone and generates a “Larsen effect.” Patients describe this sound feedback as very high-pitched beeps from the hearing aid that can be heard by family and others close to them. During the time that the hearing aid is whistling, the user loses information and hearing, as well as being annoying for the family. In the case of high-powered hearing aids, it is difficult to balance the sound leakage that generates the “Larsen effect” and the excessive pressure that forms the canal. Also bear in mind that the user of this type of hearing aid uses it all day, so a little discomfort translates into anguish and nervousness. This is not an easy task for the audiologist, nor for the laboratory technician making ear molds. They are known by the technicians as “High Risk Feedback Molds”. Recently, 3D laser light measurement has been used for measurements. By not having contact with the skin, this new technique allows the tissues not to deform. And it gives us a view from inside the ear (and this is another novelty) because they are done by means of a small probe that acts as a laser beam that we introduce into the ear canal itself.

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Microbe Profile: Xylella fastidiosa – a devastating agricultural pathogen with an endophytic lifestyle

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.001091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 167 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Lindsey P. Burbank ◽

M. Caroline Roper

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

Xylella Fastidiosa ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Quarantine Pathogen ◽

Sap Feeding ◽

Vector Borne

Xylella fastidiosa is a vector-borne plant vascular pathogen that has caused devastating disease outbreaks in diverse agricultural crops worldwide. A major global quarantine pathogen, X. fastidiosa can infect hundreds of plant species and can be transmitted by many different xylem sap-feeding insects. Several decades of research have revealed a complex lifestyle dependent on adaptation to the xylem and insect environments and interactions with host plant tissues.

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Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa Subspecies Pauca Sequence Type 53 by Different Insect Species

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10100324 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 324 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Vincenzo Cavalieri ◽

Giuseppe Altamura ◽

Giulio Fumarola ◽

Michele di Carolo ◽

Maria Saponari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Xylella Fastidiosa ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Philaenus Spumarius ◽

Olive Groves ◽

Sap Feeding ◽

Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ◽

Exotic Pathogen

Diseases associated with Xylella fastidiosa have been described mostly in North and South America. However, during the last five years, widespread X. fastidiosa infections have been reported in a constrained area of the Apulia region (southern Italy), in olives trees suffering a severe disease, denoted as Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). Because many xylem sap-feeding insects can function as vectors for the transmission of this exotic pathogen in EU, several research programs are ongoing to assess the role of candidate vectors in the spread of the infections. Initial investigations identified Philaenus spumarius (L.) as the predominant vector species in the olive orchards affected by the OQDS. Additional experiments have been carried out during 2016 and 2017 to assess the role of other species. More specifically, adults of the spittlebugs Philaenus italosignus Drosopolous and Remane, Neophilaenus campestris (Fallen) and of the planthopper Latilica tunetana (Matsumura) (Issidae) have been tested in transmission experiments to assess their ability to acquire the bacterium from infected olives and to infect different susceptible hosts (olives, almond, myrtle –leaf milkwort, periwinkle). Acquisition rates determined by testing individual insects in quantitative PCR assays, ranging from 5.6% in N. campestris to 22.2% in P. italosignus, whereas no acquisition was recorded for L. tunetana. Successful transmissions were detected in the recipient plants exposed to P. italosignus and N. campestris, whereas no trasmissions occurred with L. tunetana. The known vector Philaenus spumarius has been included in all the experiments for validation. The systematic surveys conducted in 2016 and 2017 provided further evidence on the population dynamics and seasonal abundance of the spittlebug populations in the olive groves.

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Acute Kidney Injury Following Ingestion of Averrhoa bilimbi Juice

Bangladesh Critical Care Journal ◽

10.3329/bccj.v3i2.25115 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 71-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Mostarshid Billah ◽

Md Anisur Rahman ◽

Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽

Ayesha Tabassum Swarna ◽

Palash Mitra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Function ◽

High Risk ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Fasting State ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Very High

Bilimbi/belembu fruit belongs to the family of Oxalidacae, species Averrhoa bilimbi. Freshly prepared concentrated juice of bilimbi has very high oxalic acid content and consumption carries a high risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) by deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tubules. AKI due to Averrhoa bilimbi juice injestion is very rare. We report the case history of a 60-year-old hypertensive, dyslipidemic patient, with normal renal function, who ingested around 600ml of juice in fasting state for treating dyslipidemia. The patient developed AKI and required three sessions of hemodialysis. Her renal function returned to normal after five weeks.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2015; 3 (2): 71-73

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From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114508 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4508 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Francesca Raffini ◽

Giorgio Bertorelle ◽

Roberto Biello ◽

Guido D’Urso ◽

Danilo Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Spatial Ecology ◽

Xylella Fastidiosa ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Future Research ◽

Insect Vectors ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Vector Borne ◽

European Agriculture

Biological invasions represent some of the most severe threats to local communities and ecosystems. Among invasive species, the vector-borne pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is responsible for a wide variety of plant diseases and has profound environmental, social and economic impacts. Once restricted to the Americas, it has recently invaded Europe, where multiple dramatic outbreaks have highlighted critical challenges for its management. Here, we review the most recent advances on the identification, distribution and management of X. fastidiosa and its insect vectors in Europe through genetic and spatial ecology methodologies. We underline the most important theoretical and technological gaps that remain to be bridged. Challenges and future research directions are discussed in the light of improving our understanding of this invasive species, its vectors and host–pathogen interactions. We highlight the need of including different, complimentary outlooks in integrated frameworks to substantially improve our knowledge on invasive processes and optimize resources allocation. We provide an overview of genetic, spatial ecology and integrated approaches that will aid successful and sustainable management of one of the most dangerous threats to European agriculture and ecosystems.

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Genetic and endosymbiotic diversity of Greek populations of Philaenus spumarius, Philaenus signatus and Neophilaenus campestris, vectors of Xylella fastidiosa

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83109-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Despoina Ev. Kapantaidaki ◽

Spyridon Antonatos ◽

Vasiliki Evangelou ◽

Dimitrios P. Papachristos ◽

Panagiotis Milonas

Keyword(s):

Xylella Fastidiosa ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Infection Status ◽

Effective Management ◽

Potential Threat ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Philaenus Spumarius ◽

Olive Cultivation ◽

Sap Feeding

AbstractThe plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa which causes significant diseases to various plant species worldwide, is exclusively transmitted by xylem sap-feeding insects. Given the fact that X. fastidiosa poses a serious potential threat for olive cultivation in Greece, the main aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of Greek populations of three spittlebug species (Philaenus spumarius, P. signatus and Neophilaenus campestris), by examining the molecular markers Cytochrome Oxidase I, cytochrome b and Internal Transcribed Spacer. Moreover, the infection status of the secondary endosymbionts Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Rickettsia, among these populations, was determined. According to the results, the ITS2 region was the less polymorphic, while the analyzed fragments of COI and cytb genes, displayed high genetic diversity. The phylogenetic analysis placed the Greek populations of P. spumarius into the previously obtained Southwest clade in Europe. The analysis of the bacterial diversity revealed a diverse infection status. Rickettsia was the most predominant endosymbiont while Cardinium was totally absent from all examined populations. Philaenus spumarius harbored Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella and Wolbachia, N. campestris carried Rickettsia, Hamiltonella and Wolbachia while P. signatus was infected only by Rickettsia. The results of this study will provide an important knowledge resource for understanding the population dynamics of vectors of X. fastidiosa with a view to formulate effective management strategies towards the bacterium.

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