Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Operational Monitoring of Landfills

This study justifies the prospect of using aerial imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for technological monitoring and operational control of municipal solid waste landfills. It presents the results of surveys (aerial imagery) of a number of Russian landfills, which were carried out using low-cost drones equipped with standard RGB cameras. In the processing of aerial photographs, both photogrammetric data processing algorithms (for constructing orthophotoplans of objects and 3D modeling) and procedures for thematic interpretation of photo images were used. Thematic interpretation was carried out based on lists of requirements for the operating landfills (the lists were compiled on the basis of current legislative acts). Thus, this article proposes framework guidelines for the complex technological monitoring of landfills using relatively simple means of remote control. It shows that compliance with most of the basic requirements for landfill operations, which are listed in both Russian and foreign regulation, can be controlled by unmanned aerial imagery. Thus, all of the main technological operations involving waste at landfills (placement, compaction, intermediate isolation) are able to be controlled remotely; as well as compliance with most of the design and planning requirements associated with the presence and serviceability of certain engineering systems and structures (collection systems for leachate and surface wastewater, etc.); and the state of the landfill body. Cases where the compliance with operating standards cannot be monitored remotely are also considered. It discusses the advantages of air imagery in comparison with space imagery (detail of images, operational efficiency), as well as in comparison with ground inspections (speed, personnel safety). It is shown that in many cases, interpreting the obtained aerial photographs for technological monitoring tasks does not require special image processing and can be performed visually. Based on the analysis of the available world experience, as well as the results of the study, it was concluded that unmanned aerial imagery has great potential for solving problems of waste landfill management.

Design and Operation of Effective Landfills with Minimal Effects on the Environment and Human Health

Totaling at 7.4 billion people, the world’s population is rapidly growing, bringing along with it an increase in waste generation. The impact of this exponential increase in waste generation has resulted in the increased formation and utilization of landfills. In the present day, landfills are utilized to dispose of chemical, hazardous, municipal, and electronic wastes. However, despite their convenience, most landfills are improperly managed and face constant changes from the surrounding environment that interfere with their internal landfill processes. The objectives of this mixed review are to highlight the negative impacts landfills have on the environment and public health as well as outline the need for proper management practices to mitigate these effects. Inadequate management of landfills leads to issues concerning leachate collection and landfill gas (LFG) generation, which give rise to groundwater contamination and air pollution. This paper recognizes the disadvantages of utilizing landfills as the main disposal method by focusing on these two primary effects that improper management of landfills has on the environment and human health. Many experts have also reported that communities within close proximity to improperly managed landfills have an increased risk of health issues. Apart from implementing proper landfill management practices, it is important to develop solutions to reduce waste generation altogether. This review discusses some of the innovative methods implemented by other countries to reduce landfill waste and the production of greenhouse gases as well as possible steps individuals can take to minimize their ecological footprints.

Environmental Consequences of Poor Landfill Management

Landfill is a popular method of waste disposal in many countries due to its relatively low of costs of operation. The offensive aspect of the method is improper removal or disposal of the waste, which has resulted in avoidable sicknesses, diseases and preventable deaths. Carbon dioxide and methane are the two main gases emitted from landfill sites; municipal solid waste issue accounts for almost 5% of total greenhouse gas emissions and methane from landfills accounts for 12% of the total quantity of global methane emissions. Landfills can be put to sustainable use by employing it to produce energy from waste whenever is feasible and it has the capacity to generate revenue. Furthermore, many advanced waste treatment technologies have been developed which received commendable attention in developed countries and are evolving in developing countries. Landfill gas-to-energy is viable economically and for control of methane emissions and effective management of time, costs and quality with minimum risks to humans and the environment.

PERILAKU IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI KECAMATAN PAUH KOTA PADANG

The research objective aims to determine the behavior of housewives about 1) knowing where the housewives dispose of waste in Pauh Subdistrict, Padang City, 2) knowing the condition of the waste disposed of by housewives in Pauh Subdistrict, Padang City, 3) knowing whether housewives carry out waste management in Pauh District. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research instruments were housewives in Pauh District, Padang City, totaling 75 people. The data collection technique was done by means of observation, interview and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the analysis process of data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the research on the behavior of housewives in waste management in Pauh Subdistrict, Padang City show that, 1) the location of the housewives' garbage disposal is around the riverbank, on the side of the road, in the middle of the street park, TPS or temporary shelter, behind the house and in the yard. . 2) housewives do not do waste sorting before disposing of garbage, so that the condition of the waste to be disposed of is mixed together. 3) found in all PauhSubdistricts, only a few housewives know how to sort waste, recycle waste, and use sprouts into items of economic value. The waste management used is the Landfill management model or just letting the waste rot.

Using stable isotopes as an indicator for the remaining gas generation potential in decommissioned municipal waste landfills – a concept study

<p>Stable isotope measurements have been used as a tool for understanding landfill processes for over two decades. The stable isotope natural abundance signatures of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> give insight into the extent and duration of processes forming and consuming landfill gas, based on known kinetic fractionation factors for carbon turnover, carbon decomposition, methanogenesis and methane oxidation. Variations in isotopic ratios of carbon in CH<sub>4</sub> isotopocules have been documented for many landfills and can be interpreted in terms of methanogenesis, gaseous transport (both diffusive and by mass-flow) and oxidation. The aim of this contribution is to test that δ13C signatures of inorganic carbon in leachate and in CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> as well as the DH signature of CH<sub>4</sub> and leachate can also be used to estimate the biodegradability of remaining organic matter in a closed landfill based on principles of Rayleigh fractionation. Our strategy is to perform laboratory experiments with excavated landfill waste from three different landfills in Norway with contrasting waste quality. Apparent fractionation coefficients will be compared with independently measured biodegradation potentials and physicochemical properties of the waste. Laboratory results will be integrated with field measurements of the isotopic composition of seeped and collected landfill gas and integrated into a landfill isotopic model. The landfill isotopic model will be used to estimate the remaining CH<sub>4</sub> emission potential of decommissioned and covered municipal landfills. The results from this study are relevant for landfill owners and operators as a tool to estimate the duration and volume of gas emissions at a particular site and to define the landfill management strategy appropriately.</p>

Waste management education: A driven concern for academic community

The current research evaluated waste management education-related articles – in which a total of 172 articles identified. At the same time, 70 articles were mainly connected to the research topic and considered high rated journals as a database for the study. Consequently, qualitative content analyses of the articles were done manually and by analysing search results system. The content analysis results revealed the trend of the article's publication yearly- theoretically, practically and methodologically. The analysis disclosed less attention and emphasis given to 3Rs and landfill according to the percentage rating (2.90%) of 66 related articles on waste management education. Thus, the essence of waste reduction and waste education need to be reinforced among various waste generators and the rules and activities regarding waste reduction need to be acknowledged and initiated. Awareness and enthusiastic, forthcoming events and encouragements occupied a vital position in how discarded materials could minimise. This study significantly upon the ground of conclusion, calls for more papers and further research from various academic communities in context. KEYWORDS: Academic Communities; Education; Landfill; Management; Methodologically; Practically; Theoretically; Waste; 3Rs (Reduce, Recycle and Re-use waste)

DAMPAK KEBERADAAN TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR TERHADAP KONDISI LINGKUNGAN DAN SOSIAL DI MASYARAKAT (STUDI KASUS DESA KARANG REJO KOTA METRO LAMPUNG)

Open Dumping and inadequate landfill management and waste management have negative impacts on the community. Failure to manage waste in Metro City is not only due to technical weaknesses, lack of financial support, inefficient management agencies, and inappropriate systems can cause Emotional Mental Disorders (GME) as well as densely populated settlements, slums, poor ventilation, damaged house buildings, damp and moldy walls of houses, to the presence of pests around the house can cause anxiety to mental disorders. Researchers evaluated the presence of landfills in 23 Karang Rejo Metro cities, so that the existence of landfill can be in accordance with the prevailing rules. The research method used is qualitative, researchers decipher words in the opinion of respondents descriptively. In addition to interviews, to strengthen the data sought, researchers took pictures and made observations to the community with inter-community interactions, how people live environmental and social lives. Garbage disposal technology has developed, one of the development of the waste disposal method is the Sanitary Landfill method, with the Reusable Sanitary Landfill (RSL) model. The way the supply method works is that the garbage is stacked in a land, then the garbage can is compacted as a ground liner. Ground liners are coated with geomembranes, this layer that will withstand the pervasiveness of lindi into the soil and contaminate groundwater. On top of the geomembrane layer is another geotextile that serves to hold the dirt so that it does not mix with lindi water. The limitations of perspective in the study because the study lies in the small sample, it is suggested it is necessary to do more research by comparing some cases with different concepts.

MODEL OPTIMASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI TPA

The increase in waste generation is a major problem especially for urban areas such as Jakarta with insufficient landfill capacity and an inefficient and environmentally sound waste management system. To produce an optimal, integrated and sustainable landfill management strategy, an analysis of the TPST Bantargebang waste management system is then formulated towards optimization of sustainable landfill management in environmental, financial, and social aspects through a system dynamics intervention scenario model of the TPST Bantargebang waste management system. Based on the descriptive analysis carried out on the latest waste management, 3 main issues are known, namely, landfill capacity almost fully occupied, methane gas emissions increment, and the possibility waste pickers integration to increase scavenging productivity. Simulations were carried out with a system dynamics model for the 2018-2023 period with BAU conditions and an intervention scenario with a reduction in landfill waste and a reduction in waste flow. The results of the scenario are: landfill can still be utilized until 2023; methane gas emissions decreased by an average of 23,50%; the increase in the Scavenger Production Ratio to the Landfill Waste Rate reached 134,58%. As a consequence of the intervention and the addition of waste treatment activities in the TPST Bantargebang, the operational cost per ton has increased up to 309,62%. This study concludes that the scenario of incoming waste reduction and existing landfill waste reduction planned by Material Recovery Facility (MRF) construction with scavenger involvement, compost processing efficiency improvement, construction of Waste to Energy (WtE) facilities in the form of incinerator, landfill mining, and reprofiling simultaneously.