Moderator Effect of Product Involvement and Brand Familiarity on the  Relationship of Country of Manufacture and Chinese Consumers’ Product  Attitude

This study examined the relationship of consumer values, needs and purchase behavior in two Asian consumer markets, China and South Korea. Between self‐directed values and social affiliation values, self‐directed values were the underlying determinant of needs to be satisfied by apparel products. Among the three types of needs identified to be satisfied through apparel (i.e. experiential, social and functional needs), experiential needs were the most important needs that influenced apparel purchases of female consumers in both Asian markets. Consumers in both country markets exhibited brand loyal behavior in apparel purchases, fulfilling all three needs. However, actualization patterns of each need through brand loyal behavior differed between the two consumer samples. While for brand‐loyal Chinese consumers experiential image was the most important aspect of the branded apparel appeal to female consumers, social image with performance quality assurance was a more important feature of the branded apparel appeal to consumers in Korea. Implications for brand image management for international markets were discussed.

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Peran Teknologi Di Dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Internal Networking Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Industri Kecil dan Menengah Pada Saat Pendemi Covid-19

Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen ◽

10.26905/jbm.v8i1.5199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Satria Tirtayasa ◽

Hazmanan Khair ◽

Januri Januri

Keyword(s):

Business Performance ◽

Census Data ◽

Process Analysis ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Questionnaire Response ◽

Moderator Variable ◽

Moderator Effect ◽

Production And Distribution ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to analyse the Effect of Technology as moderator variable Throught the relationship of Internal Networking (production and distribution) with SME’s business performance. This study have been done in Covid-19 Pendemy at Medan City. The unit of analysis of this research is Small Medium Industry (IKM) company, where those company located in one area (cluster Small Medium Industry ). The population of this research are 103 IKM and the sample are 103 IKM (census).Data collection was used questionnaire, where the respondent are the owner of the IKM company. The questionnaire response was high where 3 owner rejected to made responsed (rejeccted), thus this research have 100 questionnaires reponses. The analysis method was using Hierarchi Regression and process analysis was used SPPS. The results of the research showed that the production and distribution have positive and significant effect with IKM performance. The effect of technology as moderator effect was found that negative and significant influence the relationship production and distribution with IKM performance. Thus, the effect of technology as moderator variable in pendemic Covid-19 was not dominant, because of the IKM compay faced decreased demand and indeed influence of Sales Margin.

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CEO Overconfidence and Corporate Investment: Moderating Role of Corporate Governance Practices

Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences ◽

10.47067/ramss.v3i1.23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 41-52

Author(s):

Muhammad Sadiq Shahid ◽

Usman Shahid

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Corporate Investment ◽

Tobin’S Q ◽

Tobin's Q ◽

Moderator Effect ◽

Listed Firms ◽

Governance Practices ◽

Using Data ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between CEO overconfidence, corporate investment and firm performance along with moderating effect of corporate governance (CG) between them. We collected the data of Pakistani listed firms from 2010-2018. The findings suggest that the relationship between CEO overconfidence and corporate investment is significant and the corporate governance also moderates the relationship of CEO overconfidence and corporate performance. In addition, the authors report a significant substantial relationship exists between Tobin’s Q and CEO overconfidence and between ROA and CEO overconfidence. The moderator effect is also significant in the case of CEO overconfidence and Tobin’s Q, and in case of ROA and CEO overconfidence. This is the first empirical paper on CEO overconfidence, corporate investment and governance practices using data for the Pakistan.

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The Impact of Green Brand Crises on Green Brand Trust: An Empirical Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14020611 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 611

Author(s):

Gen Li ◽

Xixiang Sun

Keyword(s):

Perceived Risk ◽

Consumer Trust ◽

Brand Trust ◽

Chinese Consumers ◽

Brand Familiarity ◽

Trust Relationships ◽

Brand Crisis ◽

Intermediary Role ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

In recent years, brand crises and greenwashing events have become common for Chinese consumers. However, compared to ordinary brands, it is more challenging for green brands to rebuild trust relationships with consumers after a green brand crisis due to their unique energy-saving and environmental protection attributes. The impact mechanism of green brand crises on consumer trust is complicated. To evaluate the different effects of different types of crises, this study used a sample of more than 1000 questionnaires to allow a regressive analysis, robustness test, endogenous test, mechanism test, and heterogeneity analysis. The study’s results show that product functional and value-related crises harm green brand trust, and both brand perceived value and perceived risk play an intermediary role in the mechanism. Brand familiarity plays an essential role in the relationship between the green brand crisis and green brand trust.

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Are Young Consumers Still Susceptible to the Country-of-Origin Effect?

Journal of Business Systems Governance & Ethics ◽

10.15209/jbsge.v4i2.160 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander Josiassen

Keyword(s):

Country Of Origin ◽

Purchase Decisions ◽

Country Image ◽

Product Evaluations ◽

Product Involvement ◽

Chinese Consumers ◽

Nation States ◽

Young Consumers ◽

The Relationship ◽

Origin Effect

The effect that consumers’ country-related images have on their purchase decisions is known as the country of origin effect. Marketing researchers have thoroughly investigated Country-of-Origin (COO) effects in a range of contexts since the mid-1960s. However, since the 1980s it has been thought (e.g., Levitt 1983; Ohmae 1995) that consumer needs and wants are converging and that nation-states are artificial and superficial entities of little value to consumers indicators of product quality. The argument is that since young consumers are used to seeing products from a variety of countries they do not have the country biases that the COO effect stipulates (Usunier 2006). A recent study (Wong et al. 2008) on young Chinese consumers and the COO effect appears to confirm that young consumers are no longer influenced by the COO effect. The aim of this research was to conceptually investigate how the relationship between young consumers’ product-country image and their product evaluations is influenced by two contextual variables: their product involvement and their perceived product-origin congruency.

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The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/s0094837300025707 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

pp. 146-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

William A. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Critical Points ◽

Scleractinian Corals ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Early Triassic ◽

Rugose Corals ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100074768 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 194-195

Author(s):

D. F. Blake ◽

L. F. Allard ◽

D. R. Peacor

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Structural Features ◽

Sea Stars ◽

High Resolution Tem ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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