scholarly journals Contemporary Historiography on the Beginnings of Islam in North Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 381-395
Author(s):  
Anis Mkacher ◽  
Mohamed Benabbès
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Gradual Development

The 7th century CE was a turning point in the evolution of North Africa, with the Arab-Muslim conquest ushering in a period of decisive change. This study seeks to develop a grid for reading the contemporary historiography on this period. We begin by focusing on the origins of studies of the topic and then turn to a división between Western and Arab authors, in order to provide a sense of the geographical specificities of the extant scholarship. In doing so, we are able to see how the Arab conquest and the arrival of Islam in the region have been represented, and then observe the gradual development of the scholarship on this period into a fully-fledged field of historical studies.

Феномен «путешествия в поисках знания» в османской культуре

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Krayushkin
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Direct Spread ◽  
Spiritual Tradition ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Abstract In the 16th and 17th centuries Ottoman Turks conquered most countries of the Middle East and North Africa and reached Vienna. As а result, the power of Istanbul was established in the heterogeneous spaces of the Mediterranean. The seized territories in Europe became part of Dar al-Islam, increasing the area of direct spread of the Arab-Muslim spiritual tradition. In this context, the journey in search for knowledge (rihla) acquired special significance it contributed to the intensification of cultural and intellectual life of the Ottoman society and establishment of its ideological unity. The author examines the materials from the treatises of Medina theologian Muhammad Kibrit, Istanbul explorer Evliya Celebi and Damascus Sufi Abd al-Ghani al-Nablusi, who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century, to explore the main pilgrimage routes and cultural centers of the region. The goal of this article is to analyze the content of civilizational exchange and to identify basic characteristics of new Ottoman cultural experience.

The Thomas Cook Archive for the Study of Tourism in North Africa and the Middle East

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Robert Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Middle East History

As one of the greatest and fastest-growing industries of our time, one with significant impacts upon societies and economies almost everywhere, tourism (mass travel for pleasure and recreation) merits serious historical study. In the Middle East and North Africa, the turning point in travel for trade, exploration, adventure, and religious inspiration to travel primarily for leisure occurred in Egypt and Syria/Palestine during the 1880s. Tourism, however, is not only intrinsically important. Its origins and development also shed light upon the great themes of Middle East history: (1) modernization (the introduction of Western techniques, methods and materials), and (2) colonial expansion and empire.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisited, with Reference to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Patricia Aguado ◽  
Jinhwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Per Capita

Using an up-to-date panel dataset that covers 88 countries over a 38-year period (1991–2018), this paper revisits the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to measure environmental degradation (CO2, methane, nitrous Oxide, PM 2.5, HFC, PFC and SF6) in relation to GDP per capita. This study confirms the inverted-U relation for CO2 emissions, with the estimated turning point at $13,233, but also identifies a U relation in the case of PM 2.5. Furthermore, in a regional analysis of both CO2 and PM 2.5, with special reference to the MENA region, it finds gaps between actual CO2 emissions and their fitted values. We observe that Libya, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Algeria show average ratios higher than 1, meaning the actual values are higher than the fitted ones and therefore these countries face more serious pollution problems. Based on this finding, we recommend the implementation of policies in this region that aim to reach energy efficiency as well as the development of eco-friendly and sustainable technologies.  

A Neoimperial Discourse on the Middle East

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Ralph Coury
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Nonfiction Essays

The critique of orientalism has had a major impact upon MiddleEastern and Islamic studies and in other areas of western and Americanintellectual life. However, despite this impact, there is no question that traditionalorientalist representations of the Arab and Islamic maintain a strikingvirulence, that they remain deeply marked by imperialist and racistlegacies, and that scholars often recoup and rehabfitate such perspectiveseven when they seem to be challenging them. I would like to illustrate theseobservations through a consideration of the work of the American authorPaul Bowles and of the treatment his work has received by American critics.It is, of course, customary for scholars to justify their work by statingthat their topic has not received the attention that it deserves. However, if Isay that Bowels's representation of the Arab/Muslim has been neglectedstrikingly, I am being honest as well as self-serving. Bowles is America3most prominent expatriate author and is also the only American whose fictionand nonfiction have dealt largely with Morocco and North Africa. It isnatural to assume that his work and its treatment can provide special insightinto the fate and fortune of the critique of orientalism, especially in the presentcontext of a Bowles revival that is becoming a veritable flux.Bowles has reflected, variously and throughout his literary career,many of the standard features that have characterized the representation ofthe Arab/Muslim since the nineteenthcentury. This is apparent in his interviews,nonfiction essays, and travel pieces, but also in the short stories andnovels that have appeared for nearly fifty years; from the 1940s into the1990s. In 1952, for example, he told Harvey Breit in an interview in theNew York Times:I don’t think we are likely to get to know the Muslims very welland I suspect that if we should we would find them less sympatheticthan we do at present and I believe the same applies to theirgetting to know us. At the moment they admire us for our techniqueand I don’t think they would fmd more than that compatible.Their culture is essentially barbarous, their mentality is that of apurely predatory people ...

Dementia caregiving in the Middle East and North Africa: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 136346152110364
Author(s):  
Tanya Kane ◽  
Suzanne H. Hammad ◽  
Nazmul Islam ◽  
Noor Al-Wattary ◽  
Justin Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Arab Muslim

Care for persons with dementia in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is undertaken predominantly by family members, domestic workers, and private nurses within the home. Domestic caregivers possess different understandings and varying degrees of knowledge of dementia that are influenced by complex socio-cultural and religious factors. With much of the burden falling on the shoulders of “invisible” caregivers, the role and needs of these individuals require deeper scrutiny. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the empirical studies published on caring for persons with dementia in Arab countries of the MENA region. Using a systematic review technique, searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar using database-specific terms associated with caregiving, dementia, aging, and the MENA region. To ensure local and regional research was captured, hand searches of regional journals, reference lists of included articles, and Arabic databases Al-Manhal and e-Marefa were also searched. No date restrictions were imposed. Twenty studies met inclusion criteria and the following themes were identified: caregiving experiences and the burden of care; barriers to caregiving; and caregiver recommendations to improve care. Results demonstrate that studies about informal caregivers and dementia within Arab-Muslim populations are underrepresented in the research. This review highlights the paucity of literature on service users’ experiences and underscores the need for future research specific to dementia care within the Arab-Islamic sociocultural context. These trajectories are especially pertinent given the unprecedented aging demographics of the MENA populations.

scholarly journals First high resolution chronostratigraphy for the early North African Acheulean at Casablanca (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalia Gallotti ◽  
Giovanni Muttoni ◽  
David Lefèvre ◽  
Jean-Philippe Degeai ◽  
Denis Geraads ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
North African ◽  
Early Stone Age

AbstractThe onset of the Acheulean, marked by the emergence of large cutting tools (LCTs), is considered a major technological advance in the Early Stone Age and a key turning point in human evolution. The Acheulean originated in East Africa at ~ 1.8–1.6 Ma and is reported in South Africa between ~ 1.6 and > 1.0 Ma. The timing of its appearance and development in North Africa have been poorly known due to the near-absence of well-dated sites in reliable contexts. The ~ 1 Ma stone artefacts of Tighennif (Algeria) and Thomas Quarry I-Unit L (ThI-L) at Casablanca (Morocco) are thus far regarded as documenting the oldest Acheulean in North Africa but whatever the precision of their stratigraphical position, both deserve a better chronology. Here we provide a chronology for ThI-L, based on new magnetostratigraphic and geochemical data. Added to the existing lithostratigraphy of the Casablanca sequence, these results provide the first robust chronostratigraphic framework for the early North African Acheulean and firmly establish its emergence in this part of the continent back at least to ~ 1.3 Ma.

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