Structural Transformation and Economic Diversification in West African Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Mesut YILMAZ ◽  
Yessengali OSKENBAYEV
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
West African ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Windfall Gain ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up

<p>In the history of modern trade theory, the capitalized countries set up ridiculous pretensions as specialization for being an industrialized country. Thus, well-know words according to their idea is “Africa has a strong comparative advantage in natural resources, so, they should specialize on them.” But today, new theories on over-specialization are to keep away commodity dependent countries from specialization. As mentioned above, there are many new concepts which are not available for Africa continent. In this article, new concepts such as Natural Curse Arguments (paradox of plenty), Dutch Disease, Immiserising Growth, windfall gain argument and over-specialization were discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Farmers and Pastoralists Participation in the Elaboration and Implementation of Sustainable Agro-pastoral Resources Management Plans in Northern Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Latifou Idrissou ◽  
Léonce Sacca ◽  
Hakimou Imorou ◽  
Morrisson Gouthon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
West African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Set Up

Benin like many other West African countries has its economy mainly based on agriculture and livestock. These activities development depend heavily on natural resources in these countries. In the extreme northern part of Benin in Karimama district, farmers and pastoralists are constrained by the presence of the W park and the Niger river that occupy most of the grazing and arable lands. In order to sustainably manage these resources, the district and the W park management authorities decided to set up these resources’ management plans. This study investigated the involvement of farmers and pastoralists in the elaboration and implementation of the agro-pastoral resources management plans for their sustainable use. Therefore, 40 farmers and 40 pastoralists randomly selected in two villages of the Karimama district and several authorities were surveyed. Results show that both farmers and pastoralists recognized that Karimama district still has agro-pastoral resources for farming and livestock. However, they mostly stressed that they were not sufficiently involved neither in the elaboration nor in the implementation of their management plans. They also perceived negatively the plans set up because according to them beside their low implication, the facilities necessary for a good management of the buffer zones of the park and the Birds Island are not put in place, they are still unfairly arrested and fined and the areas delimitated for their activities is insufficient for them. The study concludes that the main challenge in the elaboration and implementation of agro-pastoral resources management plans is the genuine involvement of the different stakeholder categories in the process.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Circulating DENV-2 During Outbreak in Northern Senegal, Rosso 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrissa Dieng ◽  
Mignane Ndiaye ◽  
Marie Henriette Ndione ◽  
Safietou Sankhe ◽  
Moussa Moïse Diagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
West African ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
The North ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level

Globally 390 millions of people are at risk of dengue infection; over the past 50 years the virus incidence increased thirty-fold. In Senegal, an unprecedented occurrence of outbreaks and sporadic cases was noticed since 2017. In October 2018 an outbreak of DENV-2 was reported in Rosso area in the north of Senegal at the border with Mauritania. Out of the 187 blood specimen samples collected, 27 were positives by qRT-PCR and 8 were serologically positive for DENV IgM. Serotyping using qRT-PCR reveals that isolates were positive for DENV-2. A subset of DENV-2 positives samples was selected and subjected to full genome sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of 06 nearly completed genome sequences (n= 6) revealed that isolates belong to the cosmopolitan genotype and are closely related to the Mauritanian strains detected between 2017 and 2018 and those detected in many West African countries such as Burkina Faso or Cote d&rsquo;Ivoire. Our results suggest a transboundary circulation of the DENV-2 cosmopolitan genotype between Senegal and Mauritania and call for a need of coordinated surveillance of arboviruses between these two countries. Interestingly, high level of homology between West African isolates highlights endemicity and call for a set-up of sub-regional viral genomic surveillance which will lead to a better understanding of viral dynamic, transmission and spread across Africa.

Roles and strategies of international humanitarian organisations in handling the Liberia Ebola outbreak

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Bainga Kangbai ◽  
Ahmed Alameldeen
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
West African ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Health Emergency Preparedness

Abstract Background In Early August 2014, the World Health Organisation declared an Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in the region of West Africa. The West African EVD outbreak was the largest, most severe, and complex in the nearly four-decade history of this disease. The management of EVD cases in Liberia was similar to the other affected West African countries. Methods We reviewed the method and strategies used by some of the international humanitarian organisations in handling the 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in Liberia. This report is a collection of personal field experiences in Liberia as well as personal interviews of healthcare personnel working for some of these international organisations working on the Ebola emergency in Liberia. Findings Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) was the first humanitarian NGO to deploy medical staff to the field in Liberia during the 2013-2016 EVD outbreak. MSF staffs were already operating in Liberia even before the declaration of the outbreak in August 2014.Conclusions The slow response by the international humanitarian organisations to lend their support in bringing the EVD outbreak to and exhibited the fear the international community have for deadly infectious diseases more than armed conflicts.Recommendations We recommend regularly training in public health emergency preparedness for third world countries that are highly susceptible to health emergencies such as Ebola outbreak to help prepared them ahead of such outbreak.

Teaching Criminology and Police Science for Postgraduate Students at the Ruhr- University Bochum, Germany

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-193
Author(s):  
Diana Ziegleder ◽  
Felix Feldmann-Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into

This case study looks at the postgraduate program in Criminology and Police Science at the Ruhr- University Bochum, Germany. This practice oriented course of study is designed as a distance learning course (blended learning) and therefore focuses on techniques of e-learning. The case study describes the history of origins and examines the educational situation before this master’s program was established and how an idea became reality. It is one of the very few possibilities in Germany to receive a deeper insight into criminology and police science. Despite the fact, that the students are all professionals and thus working mostly full time, the technical premises make a discourse possible as in on-campus programs. These innovative forms of learning are the focal point of the following case study. It is our aim to provide insight into how a master’s program could be set up and to promote new concepts of e-learning in the field of criminology.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social and Digital Medias on Senegalese Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ousmane Sall
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
West African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rich History

West African countries especially Senegal, have a very rich history of written and oral communication based on their culture and traditions. Today, Senegal is inescapable about the adoption and use of new technologies in Africa. Senegal experienced a boom of cell phones users over the past 5 years in 2012 for example, we noticed “88% mobile subscriptions” compared with “46% mobile subscriptions in 2008” {world bank,2013}. That explains mobile phones are no more to make a call or to send a text message but also to interact with people around and entertain. In fact, digital communication is expanding in all Senegalese spheres like the workplace, school, universities... in the latter half of the 20th century before the explosion of social media, people only depended on old media like TV, Radio, Newspapers… to get informed. For this study, we are going to focus on how social media are impacting economically and politically on Senegalese society and how young people are managing the transition between traditional media and new media.

Teaching Criminology and Police Science for Postgraduate Students at the Ruhr- University Bochum, Germany

2010 ◽  
pp. 1019-1035
Author(s):  
Diana Ziegleder ◽  
Felix Feldmann-Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into

This case study looks at the postgraduate program inCriminology and Police Science at the Ruhr- UniversityBochum, Germany. This practice oriented course of study is designed as a distance learning course (blended learning)and therefore focuses on techniques of e-learning. Thecase study describes the history of origins and examinesthe educational situation before this master’s program was established and how an idea became reality. It is one ofthe very few possibilities in Germany to receive a deeper insight into criminology and police science. Despite the fact, that the students are all professionals and thus working mostly full time, the technical premises make a discourse possible as in on-campus programs. These innovative forms of learning are the focal point of the following case study. It is our aim to provide insight into how a master’s program could be set up and to promote new concepts of e-learning in the field of criminology.

scholarly journals Natural Resources and Socio-Economic Progress

2014 ◽  
pp. 168-186
Author(s):  
L. M. Kapitsa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Disease Specific

The article reviews international debates on development problems of the resource-based economies. It draws atten tion to causes and mechanisms of the so-called "resource curse" and symptoms of systemic breakdowns and stagnant phenomena in resource-based economies named "Dutch disease". Specific attention is given to the role of national elites and institutions in the emergence of "Dutch disease", preservation of economic backwardness and/or de-industrialization of resource-rich countries. The author also considers new approaches to resolving the problem of'resource-curse", in particular, return to traditional instruments of economic diversification as industrialization and protectionism.

scholarly journals China’s Security and Economic Engagement in West Africa: Constructive or Destructive?

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 575-596
Author(s):  
Richard Asante
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
West African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Engagement ◽  
Violent Conflicts

Chinese officials tend to claim that Chinese economic and security activities in Africa are based on the principles of equality and mutual benefits (win-win), thus they are generally beneficial to the nation-building and development of African countries. Drawing on the case study of Ghana, this article argues that China’s commitment to enhancing the capacity of national security agencies, fighting against piracy, strengthening maritime security, and promoting intelligence sharing in West Africa have been, in general, constructive. However, anti-Chinese sentiments mainly triggered by the involvement of Chinese migrants in illegal gold mining activities in Ghana and other West African countries have been destructive, with serious security ramifications for not only Ghana, but also the entire region that has a history of violent conflicts closely related to extraction of natural resources.

scholarly journals An oral history of medical laboratory development in francophone West African countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winny Koster ◽  
Albert G. Ndione ◽  
Mourfou Adama ◽  
Ibrehima Guindo ◽  
Iyane Sow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
West African ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laboratory Development

scholarly journals Legal Intervention in Planning Regulations: Cooper v Wandsworth in a West African Context.

Afrika Focus ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Kwadwo B. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
West African ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Administrative Effectiveness ◽  
Set Up

One of the most important problems facing many West African cities in recent times is rapid and seemingly uncontrollable urbanization. The enormous pressure which these developments have had on public systems in general - sanitation, sewage, housing, health care and transport, has forced many cities to think of innovative ways of handling these crisis. Planning departments with substantial expertise in urban problems, are being set up or are being re-organized to meet these new challenges. The powers that planning departments have, and their impact on the lives of ordinary citizens cannot be over-estimated. To prevent abuse of power and to make them responsive to the needs of citizens, several methods are used to control them. Judicial review of administrative actions is the legal method used to control many public bodies in English speaking West African countries. In this article, I shall argue that in spite of its strengths, there is a general tendency to use judicial review to protect common law values like individual proprietary rights against the claims of state institutions. In West Africa, because of the weakness of public institutions, the intervention of the law, while protecting important private rights may hamper administrative effectiveness. Anticipating the use of the leading English case, Cooper v Wandsworth2 in reviewing planning decisions in West Africa, I shall conclude that such a position may not only diminish administrative effectiveness, but it may also diminish property rights.

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