scholarly journals Amateur theaters: soviet past and current practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (118) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Tanjana S. Zlotnikova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Girshon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Amateur Theater ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
Soviet Russia

This work offers an overview of sources devoted to amateur theater as a socio-cultural phenomenon that existed on the territory of the Soviet state and in post-Soviet Russia. Since amateur theater as a socio-cultural phenomenon has a complex nature, it is advisable to apply an interdisciplinary approach to the study of its activities. The activities of amateur theaters are considered in historical, cultural and sociocultural contexts. The authors consider the sociological, pedagogical, organizational aspects of the activities of amateur theaters, as well as their contribution to the culturalpractices of the regions. Throughout the existence of the Soviet state, amateur theaters were considered as means of propaganda and education of amateur artists and their audiences in the spirit of Soviet ideology. Unlike professional theaters, amateur groups in the 60s instantly reacted to a change in ideological paradigms, asked sharp, uncomfortable questions, and reflected an active civic position. The thaw period was marked by the creative heyday of amateur studio theaters, which ended in clashes with Soviet censorship. In the 90s, after the Soviet dissolution and the abolition of the leading role of the CPSU in the life of the state, amateur groups entered the period of experiments both organizationally and aesthetically. A certain boundary of this period was the professionalization of some amateur groups and the cessation of the activities of others. The authors consider the cultural practices of amateur theaters since the 2000s, when the process of transferring part of amateur groups from departmental subordination to municipal was completed. Attention is also given to the conditions for the existence of amateur theaters in the Yaroslavl region nowadays. Amateur theaters position themselves mainly as a way of organizing active creative leisure of the adult population. The pedagogical component in their activities has an insignificant part, the repertoire is entertaining in nature. In the presence of two or three groups known outside the region, the main part of amateur theaters in the Yaroslavl region carry out a cultural and educational function in small settlements where there is no professional theater

scholarly journals Increasing physical activity in people with COPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
Matthew Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Levels of physical activity tend to be reduced in people with COPD. Matthew Armstrong discusses the benefits of improving activity levels in this group of patients It is well acknowledged that levels of physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considerably lower than healthy-age matched individuals, with physical inactivity recognised as a key predictor of hospitalisation and mortality. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has become a major tool for managing symptoms of COPD and the associated extra-pulmonary effects. However, inconsistencies surrounding its effectiveness in terms of improving physical activity remain due to the complex nature of physical activity. To overcome these inconsistencies, both pharmacological and behavioural interventions have been documented to aid improvements in physical activity, with behavioural interventions alongside PR found to be the most effective tool to promote levels of physical activity. Health professionals must therefore look to incorporate an interdisciplinary approach in order to best achieve improvements in physical activity levels in patients with COPD.

Interdisciplinary Approaches to Reconstructing Early Population History in the High Himalayas of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Eng ◽  
Mark Aldenderfer
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Population History ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches

Anthropological research in the high-elevation regions of northwestern Nepal offers insights into the populationhistory of the Himalayan arc through a multi- and interdisciplinary approach that includes not only archaeologicaldata and historic and ethnographic accounts but also genomic, isotopic, and bioarchaeologicaldata, as well as innovative use of thermal niche modeling for paleoclimate reconstruction. Together these linesof evidence have allowed us to address project questions about human settlement into the region, including(1) sources of population movements into high-elevation environments of the Himalayan arc and (2) bioculturaladaptations to high-mountain environments. In this paper we compare research at several communalmortuary sites, each with a rich assemblage of material culture and human burials: Mebrak (400 B.C.–A.D. 50),Kyang (400–175 B.C.), and Samdzong (A.D. 450–650), as well as intriguing insights from finds in the earlier (ca.1250–450 B.C.) sites of Lubrak, Chokhopani, and Rhirhi. Our genomic findings demonstrate population originsfrom the Tibetan plateau, despite South Asian material culture recovered in early sites. Bioarchaeological findingsof low frequencies of non-specific stress and trauma indicate successful biocultural adaptation to highaltitudeconditions of hypoxia, cold, and low resource availability, potentially through buffering from exchangenetworks and local cultural practices, alongside high-altitude selected alleles. An integrative, multidisciplinaryapproach thus offers significantly greater opportunities for developing a more nuanced understanding of thepast processes of migration, settlement, and biocultural adaptation in the region. La investigación antropológica de las alturas del noroeste de Nepal nos proporciona conocimientos de la historiade la población del arco Himalaya a través de un enfoque multidisciplinario e interdisciplinario que incluyeno solamente datos arqueológicos y relatos históricos y etnográficos, sino también datos genómicos, isotópicos,y bioarqueológicos, tanto como uso innovador del modelado del nicho térmico para la reconstrucción paleoclimática.En conjunto, estas líneas de evidencia nos han permitido abordar temas sobre el asentamiento humanade la región, como: (1) los orígenes del movimiento hacia ambientes en las alturas del arco del Himalaya;y (2) las adaptaciones bioculturales necesarias para vivir en las alturas. En este artículo comparamos las investigacionesde varios mortuorios comunales que ofrecen conjuntos abundantes de entierros humanos y artefactosrelacionados: Mebrak (400 a.C.–d.C. 50), Kyang (400–175 a.C.), and Samdzong (d.C. 450–650), así como loshallazgos intrigantes de sitios anteriores (ca. 1250–450 a.C.) de Lubrak, Chokhopani, y Rhirhi. Nuestros datosgenómicos sugieren orígenes de le población del altiplano tibetano, a pesar del material que deriva del sur de Asia que se ha recuperado de los sitios mas tempranos. Los hallazgos bioarqueológicos demuestran niveles bajosde estrés y trauma inespecífico, y sugieren éxito en adaptación biocultural, a pesar de las condiciones de hipoxia,frio, y los recursos escasos en este ambiente. Es posible que alelos seleccionados a las alturas, junto con sistemasde intercambio y las costumbres locales contribuyeron al éxito de la adaptación. Por lo tanto, un enfoque multidisciplinarioque integra todas las evidencias ofrece una comprensión mas detallada de los procesos de migración,asentamiento, y adaptación biocultural de la región.

scholarly journals “Honeymoon” of the Russian Empire and the United States during WWI

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Zhuravleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Liberal Internationalism ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article focuses on the debatable issues of Russian-American relations from 1914 until the fall of Tsarism, such as the degree of the two countries’ rapprochement, ethnic questions, the positive dynamics of mutual images and the intensified process of Russians and Americans studying each other. Based on primary and secondary sources, this work intends to emphasize that the conflict element in bilateral relations did not hamper cooperation between the two states. The author’s multipronged and interdisciplinary approach allowed her to conclude that the United Sates was ready to engage in wide-ranging interaction with the Russian Empire regardless of their ideological differences. From the author’s point of view, it was the pragmatic agenda that aided the states’ mutual interest in destroying the stereotypes of their counterpart and stimulated Russian Studies in the US and American Studies in Russia. Therefore, the “honeymoon” between the two states had started long before the 1917 February Revolution. However, Wilson strove to turn Russia not so much into an object of US’ “dollar diplomacy”, but into a destination of its “crusade” for democracy. The collapse of the monarchy provided an additional impetus for liberal internationalism by integrating the Russian “Other” into US foreign policy. Ultimately, an ideological (value-based) approach emerged as a stable trend in structuring America’s attitude toward Russia (be it the Soviet Union or post-Soviet Russia).

Indigenous and Black Confraternities in Colonial Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javiera Jaque Hidalgo ◽  
Miguel Valerio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

Employing a transregional and interdisciplinary approach, this volume explores indigenous and black confraternities –or lay Catholic brotherhoods– founded in colonial Spanish America and Brazil between the sixteenth and eighteenth century. It presents a varied group of cases of religious confraternities founded by subaltern subjects, both in rural and urban spaces of colonial Latin America, to understand the dynamics and relations between the peripheral and central areas of colonial society, underlying the ways in which colonialized subjects navigated the colonial domain with forms of social organization and cultural and religious practices. The book analyzes indigenous and black confraternal cultural practices as forms of negotiation and resistance shaped by local devotional identities that also transgressed imperial religious and racial hierarchies. The analysis of these practices explores the intersections between ethnic identity and ritual devotion, as well as how the establishment of black and indigenous religious confraternities carried the potential to subvert colonial discourse.

Oh, go to sleep, honey. If you want some chills – you got it. On affect in ASMR

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Joanna Łapińska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Karen Barad

In the article, the author discusses a new cultural phenomenon known as ASMR in a posthuman perspective, especially from the perspective of new materialism (Karen Barad), studies of things (Bjørnar Olsen, Ewa Domańska) and affective studies (Jane Bennett, Sara Ahmed). The article analyzes selected ASMR videos published on the YouTube website in terms of the affectivity of the objects used in them, arguing that ASMR cultural practices encourage the production of human-non-human assemblages of subjects and objects built of “vibrating matter” (Jane Bennett).

scholarly journals Revolutionary Acts: Amateur Theater and the Soviet State, 1917-1938

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501
Author(s):  
Richard Stites ◽  
Lynn Mally
Keyword(s):  
Soviet State ◽  
Amateur Theater

Alexander Motyl: The End of Ideology?

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Society ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The One

My comments on ideology, unlike the two presentations that preceded mine, which were substantive and had something to report on, will be similar to the story about the dog that did not bark: a dog that barked incessantly in the Brezhnev era, ideology has literally stopped barking since then. In this sense, the most striking aspect of contemporary Soviet ideology is its silence. From one of the most insistent features of Soviet reality under Brezhnev, ideology has retreated into a dark corner, where, presumably, it is licking its wounds and plotting a return. Ideology is far from dead, however. The ace up ideology's sleeve is, of course, the Party. As long as the Party purports to play a leading role in Soviet society—and, as Gorbachev has suggested, its role will increase under conditions of perestroika—then something like ideology will be necessary to justify and legitimate the one-party rule of a party that, even by its own criteria, does not deserve to rule, let alone to rule alone.

Collective Immortality: The Syndicalist Origins of Proletarian Culture, 1905-1910

Slavic Review ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Masses

This pamphlet ivas written iviih an eye to the tsarist censorship. Hence, I was not only forced to confine myself strictly to an exclusively theoretical, particularly economic, analysis of facts, but to formulate the few necessary observations on politics with extreme caution, by hints, in allegorical language—in that accursed Aesopian language— to which tsarism compelled all revolutionaries to have recourse whenever they took up their pens to write a "legal" work.V. I. LeninCollectivism was a Utopian dream that flourished in Soviet Russia in the 1920s and later became part of Soviet ideology. Eisenstein's early films, conductorless orchestras, and mass workers' choruses all aimed at inculcating the view that a collective—be it the party, the proletariat, or the masses—was to replace the individual as the determinant of social and political values. The popular "proletarian culture" movement that flourished during the civil war (1918-21) was one form of collectivism, but there were many others. Yet, as a body of ideas, collectivism in Russia preceded the 1917 Revolution by a decade or more and made a crucial contribution to bolshevism. Indeed, in the years after 1905, collectivism had as much a claim to bolshevism as did the party-centered authoritarianism of Lenin.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY THROUGH THE THEORETICAL APPROACHES OF LINGUISTIC AND LANGUAGE IDENTITY OF UKRAINIAN DISSIDENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Ye. Mykhalkovska
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Historical Contextualization ◽  
Soviet Ideology

In this article, the author analyzes the ideological struggle for the Ukrainian national identity happened in a meaningful time of Khrushchev Thaw when first dissidents appeared. Additionally, we have applied the theme of ideological propaganda and agitation considered through language approach to a larger scientific extent. First, we characterize separately the creating of an ethnic identity endorsed by the SRSR, and national identity of the URSR as an integral part of a specific social identity, linguistic identification with representatives of a certain nation, its culture and traditions, which include the entire complex of emotions caused by the sense of belonging. By involving the idea of identity as a relational, socio-cultural phenomenon, we considered the concept of Bucholt and Hall, J. Mead, K. Levy-Strauss. Next, we identify the works of Anthony Smith, Herbert Blumer, Ernest Gellner, Eric Gobsbaum. Trying to conduct the concept analysis of the formation of the Ukrainian national identity through the semantic and semiotic aspects of the language identity according to the Dissidents movement we used 3 key topic notions: - Identity as a relational, socio-cultural phenomenon; - Socio-historical contextualization of showing the national identity as an environmental product of the nation; - Ideology of the Standard Language. Finally, the author comes to an outcome that the Soviet ideology allowing the formation of the so-called ethnographic identity of Ukrainians, made considerable efforts to prevent the creation of a nationwide identity that Ukrainian Dissidents were fighting for, herewith, artificially imposing the idea of the disunity of Eastern and Western Ukraine.

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