scholarly journals Avian Influenza Antibody Titer Of Laying Hens in Production Phase At District Penebel Tabanan Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Haris Muhamad Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Production Phase

Background: The virus of Avian Influenza (AI) H5N1 has become endemic in Indonesia since 2003. In 2012, the Avian Influenza outbreak at District Penebel caused chickens mortality in large numbers. One of the efforts to prevention the Avian Influenza outbreak is by vaccination. Therefore, supporting AI vaccination program needs diagnostic methods from post-vaccinated chickens that produce antibody titer by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. Purpose:  The study aims to monitor the antibody of Avian Influenza phase I and phase II production in laying hens at District Penebel, Tabanan Regency. Method: 131 serum samples were collected from hens serums at poultry which has been sampled before. The serum sample is tested by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test to calculate antibody titer. The serum is protective if the titer reacheas 24 or more, and the serum is unprotective if the titer is under 24. Data presented in 2x2 cross-sectional study contingent tabel and analyzed by Chi-Square (X2) non-parametric with the distribution. Results: Protective percentage of immunity level in production phase I in laying hens at District Penebel is 60,3%, whereas on production phase II is 43,6%. Data from the 2x2 contingent table showed an odd ratio of 1,9. The result of the Chi-Square (X2) analysis statistic represents immunity levels between production phase I and II are non-significance (p>0,05). Conclusion: Production phase I in laying hens has an immunity level 1,9x higher than production phase II. There is an association between the production phase and the protective immunity level of Avian Influenza.

Effectiveness of a Glasgow Coma Scale Instructional Video for EMS Providers

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Lane ◽  
Amado Alejandro Báez ◽  
Thomas Brabson ◽  
David D. Burmeister ◽  
John J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Instructional Video ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Before And After

AbstractIntroduction:The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the standard measure used to quantify the level of consciousness of patients who have sustained head injuries. Rapid and accurate GCS scoring is essential.Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a GCS teaching video shown to prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) providers.Methods:Participants and setting—United States, Mid-Atlantic region EMS providers. Intervention—Each participant scored all of the three components of the GCS for each of four scenarios provided before and after viewing a video-tape recording containing four scenarios. Design—Before-and-after single (Phase I) and parallel Cohort (Phase II). Analysis— Proportions of correct scores were compared using chi-square, and relative risk was calculated to measure the strength of the association.Results:75 participants were included in Phase I. In Phase II, 46 participants participated in a parallel cohort design: 20 used GCS reference cards and 26 did not use the cards. Before observing the instructional video, only 14.7% score all of the scenarios correctly, where as after viewing the video, 64.0% scored the scenarios results were observed after viewing the video for those who used the GCS cards (p = 0.001; RR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.29 to 3.10) than for those not using the cards (p <0.0001; RR = 10.0; 95% CI = 2.60 to 38.50).Conclusions:Post-video viewing scores were better than those observed before the video presentation. Ongoing evaluations include analysis of longterm skill retention and scoring accuracy in the clinical environment.

A phase I/II clinical trial of intravenous (I.V.) calcitriol with fixed doses of cisplatin and docetaxel in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18118-e18118
Author(s):  
Nithya Ramnath ◽  
Stephanie Daignault-Newton ◽  
Grace K. Dy ◽  
Josephia Muindi ◽  
Araba Adjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Chi Square

e18118 Background: In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative effects of 1, 25 (OH)2D3 (calcitriol) as single agent and antitumor synergy with cisplatin. The goals of this Phase I/II study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel, and to evaluate the efficacy in patients (pts) with metastatic NSCLC.Methods: The study was a multicenter, open-label study in pts with metastatic NSCLC. Pts were adults 18 yrs., PS 0-1 with normal liver/kidney function. For the phase I study, pts (3–6 per cohort) received 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 I.V. every 21 days prior to docetaxel and cisplatin. The starting dose of 1,25 (OH)2D3 was 15 mcg/m2 at sequential ascending dose levels (DL) (15, 30, 60 and 80 mcg/m2) using a 3+3 design targeting a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) rate of <33%. Docetaxel was administered at 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75mg/m2 following 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 for 4 cycles. We analyzed SNPs in the CYP24A1 gene.Results: 37 pts were enrolled (16 in phase I and 21 in phase II) with a median age of 54 (range 34–79) yrs.; M: F, 12:17. At the 80 mcg/m2 dose level, 2/4 pts had DLT of grade 4 neutropenia. There were no cases of hypercalcemia or azotemia. The MTD and recommended Phase II dose was 60 mcg/m2. Among 6 response-evaluable Phase I pts, and 21 phase II pts, there were: 2 confirmed partial responses (PR), 6 unconfirmed PRs and 10 pts with stable disease. The median time to progression was 6.9 months (95% CI 4.4, 12.9) and the median overall survival was 8.3 months (95% CI 5.8, 14.9). Of the CYP24A1 SNPs, the IVS4-308C>G was associated with progressive disease (Chi-Square=0.0062)Conclusions: The MTD of 1,25 (OH)2D3 in combination with docetaxel and cisplatin was 60 mcg/m2 IV every 21 days. Pre-specified endpoint of a 50% response rate was not met in the phase II study. However, disease control in 66% of patients argues for further study of 1,25 (OH)2D3 as maintenance therapy. The CYP24A1 polymorphism IVS4-308C>G may be associated with resistance to a 1,25 (OH)2D3 based therapeutic regimen

Seroepidemiology of Q fever in New Brunswick and Manitoba

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Marrie
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Test

A seroepidemiological survey, using an indirect immunofluorescence test, was carried out on serum samples obtained from New Brunswick and Manitoba blood donors during 1986. The antigens were Coxiella burnetii phase I and phase II from strain Nine Mile. Eighty of the 503 (15.9%) Manitoba blood donors had a phase II antibody titer of ≥ 1:8, while 41 (4.2%) of the 966 New Brunswick blood donors had such antibodies. We have recently diagnosed three cases of Q fever in New Brunswick but none have been diagnosed in Manitoba. Our data suggest that Q fever may be increasing in New Brunswick and repeated seroepidemiological studies are indicated. It is likely that undetected cases of Q fever are occurring in Manitoba.

scholarly journals Using a Multidisciplinary Training Program to Reduce Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Gadola ◽  
Carla Poggi ◽  
María Poggio ◽  
Lucía Sáez ◽  
Alejandra Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Hospital Ethics ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
The Impact

♦ObjectivesThe present study evaluated the tool used to assess patients’ skills and the impact on peritonitis rates of a new multidisciplinary peritoneal dialysis (PD) education program (PDEP).♦MethodsAfter the University Hospital Ethics Committee approved the study, the educational and clinical records of PD patients were retrospectively analyzed in two phases. In phase I, an Objective Structured Assessment (OSA) was used during August 2008 to evaluate the practical skills of 25 patients with adequate Kt/V and no mental disabilities who had been on PD for more than 1 month. Test results were correlated with the prior year's peritonitis rate. In phase II, the new PDEP, consisting of individual lessons, a retraining schedule, and group meetings, was introduced starting 1 September 2008. Age, sex, years of education, time on PD, number of training sessions, and peritonitis episodes were recorded. Statistical analyses used t-tests, chi-square tests, and Poisson distributions; a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.♦ResultsIn phase I, 25 patients [16 men, 9 women; mean age: 54 ± 15 years (range: 22 – 84 years); mean time on PD: 35 ± 30 months (range: 1 – 107 months)] were studied. The OSA results correlated with peritonitis rates: patients who passed the test had experienced significantly lower peritonitis rates during the prior year ( p < 0.05). In phase II, after the new PDEP was introduced, overall peritonitis rates significantly declined (to 0.28 episodes/patient–year from 0.55 episodes/patient–year, p < 0.05); the Staphylococcus peritonitis rate also declined (to 0.09 episodes/patient–year from 0.24 episodes/patient–year, p < 0.05).♦ConclusionsThe OSA is a reliable tool for assessing patients’ skills, and it correlates with peritonitis rates. The multidisciplinary PDEP significantly improved outcomes by further lowering peritonitis rates.

Bewegungstherapie und körperliche Aktivität bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz

Praxis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Körperliche Aktivität ◽  
Phase Iii

Zusammenfassung. Herzinsuffizienz ist ein klinisches Syndrom mit unterschiedlichen Ätiologien und Phänotypen. Die überwachte Bewegungstherapie und individuelle körperliche Aktivität ist bei allen Formen eine Klasse-IA-Empfehlung in aktuellen Leitlinien. Eine Bewegungstherapie kann unmittelbar nach Stabilisierung einer akuten Herzinsuffizienz im Spital begonnen werden (Phase I). Sie kann nach Entlassung in einem stationären oder ambulanten Präventions- und Rehabilitationsprogramm fortgesetzt werden (Phase II). Typische Elemente sind Ausdauer-, Kraft- und Atemtraining. Die Kosten werden von der Krankenversicherung für drei bis sechs Monate übernommen. In erfahrenen Zentren können auch Patienten mit implantierten Defibrillatoren oder linksventrikulären Unterstützungssystemen trainieren. Wichtiges Ziel der Phase II ist neben muskulärer Rekonditionierung auch die Steigerung der Gesundheitskompetenz, um die Langzeit-Adhärenz bezüglich körperlicher Aktivität zu verbessern. In Phase III bieten Herzgruppen Unterstützung.

How to Make COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps work: Insights from Behavioral Economics (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Ayres ◽  
Alessandro Romano ◽  
Chiara Sotis
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Risk Compensation ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Compensation Theory ◽  
Pros And Cons

BACKGROUND Due to network effects, Contact Tracing Apps (CTAs) are only effective if many people download them. However, the response to CTAs has been tepid. For example, in France less than 2 million people (roughly 3% of the population) downloaded the CTA. Consequently, CTAs need to be fundamentally rethought to increase their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to show that CTAs can still play a key role in containing the pandemic, provided that they take into account insights from behavioral sciences. Moreover, we study whether emphasizing the virtues of CTA to induce people to download them makes app users engage in more risky behaviors (risk compensation theory) and whether feedback on a user’s behavior affects future behaviors. METHODS We perform a double-blind online experiment (n=1500) divided in two phases. In Phase I respondents are randomly assigned to one of three different groups: Pros of the app, Pros and Cons of the app and Control I. Respondents in the Pros group were shown information on the advantages of CTAs. Participants in the Pros and Cons group were shown information on both the advantages and the problems that characterize CTAs. Last, respondents in the Control I group were not given any information on CTAs. All participants are then asked how worried they are about the pandemic, how likely they are to download the app, and on how they intend to behave (e.g. attend small and large gathering, wear a mask, etc.). A week later we carried out Phase II. Participants in Phase II were randomly assigned to different in-app notifications in which they were informed on how much risk they were taking compared to the average user. We then ask participants their intentions for future behaviors to investigate whether these notifications were effective in making respondents more prudent. RESULTS All 1500 participants completed phase I of the experiment, whereas 1303 (86.9%) completed also phase 2. The main findings are: i) informing people on the pros of the app make them less worried about the pandemic (p=.004), ii) informing people about both the pros and the cons of the app makes them more likely to download the app (p=.07); iii) carefully devised in-app notification induce people to state that they will: attend less large gatherings (p= .05) and less small gatherings (p= .001), see less people at risk (p=.004), that they stay more at home (p=.006) and wear more often the mask (p=.09). We do not find support for the risk-compensation theory. CONCLUSIONS we suggest that CTAs should be re-framed as Behavioral Feedback Apps (BFAs). The main function of BFAs would be providing users with information on how to minimize the risk of contracting COVID-19, e.g. to provide information on how crowded a store is likely to be at a given time of the day. Moreover, the BFA could have a rating system that allows users to flag stores that do not respect safety norms, such as mandating customers to wear a mask or not respecting social distancing. These functions can inform the behavior of app users, thus playing a key role in containing the spread of the virus even if a small percentage of people download the BFA. While effective contact tracing is impossible when only 3% of the population downloads the app, less risk taking by small portions of the population can produce large benefits. BFAs can be programmed so that users can also activate a tracing function akin to the one currently carried out by CTAs. Making contact tracing an ancillary, opt-in function might facilitate a wider acceptance of BFAs.

scholarly journals Analysis of the ex-vivo transformation of semen, saliva and urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanurup Das ◽  
Abhimanyu Harshey ◽  
Ankit Srivastava ◽  
Kriti Nigam ◽  
Vijay Kumar Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Time Since Deposition ◽  
Dry Out

AbstractThe ex-vivo biochemical changes of different body fluids also referred as aging of fluids are potential marker for the estimation of Time since deposition. Infrared spectroscopy has great potential to reveal the biochemical changes in these fluids as previously reported by several researchers. The present study is focused to analyze the spectral changes in the ATR-FTIR spectra of three body fluids, commonly encountered in violent crimes i.e., semen, saliva, and urine as they dry out. The whole analytical timeline is divided into relatively slow phase I due to the major contribution of water and faster Phase II due to significant evaporation of water. Two spectral regions i.e., 3200–3400 cm−1 and 1600–1000 cm−1 are the major contributors to the spectra of these fluids. Several peaks in the spectral region between 1600 and 1000 cm−1 showed highly significant regression equation with a higher coefficient of determination values in Phase II in contrary to the slow passing Phase I. Principal component and Partial Least Square Regression analysis are the two chemometric tool used to estimate the time since deposition of the aforesaid fluids as they dry out. Additionally, this study potentially estimates the time since deposition of an offense from the aging of the body fluids at the early stages after its occurrence as well as works as the precursor for further studies on an extended timeframe.

scholarly journals Detoxification of the tricyclic antidepressant opipramol and its analog – IS-noh by UGT enzymes before and after activation by phase I enzymes in rat liver microsomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mieszkowska ◽  
Koleta Hemine ◽  
Anna Skwierawska ◽  
Ewa Augustin ◽  
Zofia Mazerska
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Recombinant Enzymes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Phase I Enzymes

AbstractThe present studies were carried out to evaluate the simultaneous one-pot metabolism of opipramol (IS-opi) and analog (IS-noh) by phase I and phase II enzymes present in rat liver microsomes (RLM) as an alternative to separate testing with recombinant enzymes. This approach allows for more time-saving and cost-effective screening of the metabolism of newly discovered drugs. We also considered that the lack of results for phase II, including UGT, often creates problems in correct selection of valuable compounds. Moreover, microsomes data set is richer in the contest and provides medical scientist to determine also the susceptibility of drugs to undergo phase I and then phase II. In the present work, we have shown that IS-noh was metabolized in vitro by phase I enzymes to the oxidation product, which was next transformed with UGTs to glucuronide. The results showed also that the previously known oxidation product of opipramol was changed to previously no reported glucuronidation product by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. In addition, unlike IS-noh, opipramol did not prove to be the substrate for UGTs. Therefore, tricyclic antidepressants depending on the structure can trigger a different response after contact with UGT enzymes. Some will metabolize directly with UGTs, others only after activation by phase I enzymes.

scholarly journals Nurses’ educational needs when dealing with aggression from patients and their families: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041711
Author(s):  
Kana Sato ◽  
Yoshimi Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Educational Contents

ObjectivesTo explore the type of education needed for nurses when dealing with aggression from patients and their families.DesignA two-phase sequential mixed-methods study.SettingThis study was conducted in Japan, with phase I from March to November 2016 and phase II in November 2018.Main outcome measuresThe challenges faced by nurses when dealing with incidents of aggression from the neutral perspective of neither nurse nor patient/family and perceptions of the educational contents developed in this study. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the data retrieved from both phases.ParticipantsPhase I entailed semistructured interviews among 11 neutral-party participants who observed aggressive incidents between nurses and patients/families. Phase II consisted of a web survey conducted among 102 nursing students and 308 nursing professionals.ResultsPhase I resulted in the identification of the following five main educational components: understanding the mechanisms of anger and aggression, maintaining self-awareness, observant listening, managing the self-impression, and communicating based on specific disease characteristics. Each component was related to improved communication through self-awareness. The results of phase II indicated that participants positively perceived these educational contents as likely to be effective for dealing with aggression from patients/families.ConclusionsThis study clarified the type of education needed for nurses when dealing with aggression based on multiple viewpoints. Specifically, neutral-party interviews revealed that communication should be improved through self-awareness. A subsequent survey among nurses and nursing students showed that the identified educational contents were positively received.

scholarly journals The potency of newly development H5N8 and H9N2 avian influenza vaccines against the isolated strains in laying hens from Egypt during 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. E. Hegazy ◽  
Nahed Yehia ◽  
Abeer F. I. Hassan ◽  
Mohamed.T. El-Saadony ◽  
Salama Mostafa Aboelenin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Influenza Vaccines
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