scholarly journals Penyebab Krisis Finansial Global tahun 2008: Kegagalan Financial Development dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan dan Stabilitas Ekonomi

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Yohanes William Santoso
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subprime Mortgages ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The Global Financial Crisis has raised questions for economists on the causes of the issue and how to prevent similar case in the future. One of the causes of the crisis was a large and rapid increase of credit accumulation in the United States (US) on the period of 2000 to 2007. While according to the theory of Financial Development, credit is one of the indicator that shows the ongoing national financial system. Credit includes the access get credit and the ability of financial institution to lend credit. Both can be seen in the United States, proved by the ease of access to home loans and increasing amount of subprime mortgages. In accordance with the theory of financial development, the US economy should had experienced growth and stability. However, the rapid increase of credit accumulation in US has led to instability and crisis. The anomaly proves the failure of Financial Development and encourage the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to review the theory and prove its relevance in explaining economic growth and stability.

scholarly journals Compilation and analysis of international from-whom-to-whom financial stock table for Japan, Korea, the United States, and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Hagino ◽  
Jiyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Flow Of Funds ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of international flow of funds accounts; it compiles and analyzes such accounts with a focus on the global financial crisis. For this purpose, we compile from-whom-to-whom financial stock tables for Japan, Korea, the United States, and China and combine these tables to generate a four-country international from-whom-to-whom financial stock table. Input–output analyses reveal that nonfinancial corporations in the four countries have the largest liability power-of-dispersion and that the Japanese government’s liability power-of-dispersion is large. In contrast, the financial institution sector in Japan has the largest asset power-of-dispersion. In the future, the table could be expanded to include other major Asia–Pacific countries and linked to Euro-area from-whom-to-whom financial stock tables to provide a global from-whom-to-whom financial stock table.

Ocena antykryzysowej polityki gospodarczej Stanów Zjednoczonych i wybranych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w latach 2005–2014

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
Marcin Jan Flotyński
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Domestic Products

The global financial crisis in 2007–2009 began a period of high volatility on the financial markets. Specifically, it caused an increased amplitude of fluctuations of the level of gross domestic products, the level of investment and consumption and exchange rates in particular countries. To address the adverse market circumstances, governments and central banks took actions in order to bolster the weakening global economy. The aim of this article is to present the anti-crisis actions in the United States and selected member states of the European Union, including Poland, and an assessment of their efficiency. The analysis conducted indicates that generally the actions taken in the United States in response to the crisis were faster and more adequate to the existing circumstances than in the European Union.

A Global Perspective on Securitized Debt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L Schwarcz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Capital Markets Union ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Asset Backed Securities ◽  
The Eu

Securitisation represents a significant worldwide source of capital market financing. European investors commonly invest in asset-backed securities issued in U.S. securitisation transactions, and vice versa One of the key goals of the European Commission's proposed Capital Markets Union (CMU) is to further facilitate securitisation as a source of capital market financing as a viable alternative to bank-based finance for companies operating in the EU. To that end, this chapter explains securitisation and attempts to put its rise, its decline after the global financial crisis, and its recent CMU-inspired revival into a global perspective. It examines not only securitisation's relationship to the financial crisis but also post-crisis comparative regulatory approaches in the EU and the United States.

Rethinking U.S. National Security after Covid19

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Bilmes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Federal Spending ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe United States has traditionally defined national security in the context of military threats and addressed them through military spending. This article considers whether the United States will rethink this mindset following the disruption of the Covid19 pandemic, during which a non-military actor has inflicted widespread harm. The author argues that the US will not redefine national security explicitly due to the importance of the military in the US economy and the bipartisan trend toward growing the military budget since 2001. However, the pandemic has opened the floodgates with respect to federal spending. This shift will enable the next administration to allocate greater resources to non-military threats such as climate change and emerging diseases, even as it continues to increase defense spending to address traditionally defined military threats such as hypersonics and cyberterrorism.

Financial Crises in American History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Nitschke ◽  
Mark Rose
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
American History ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Changing Economy ◽  
Political Design

U.S. history is full of frequent and often devastating financial crises. They have coincided with business cycle downturns, but they have been rooted in the political design of markets. Financial crises have also drawn from changes in the underpinning cultures, knowledge systems, and ideologies of marketplace transactions. The United States’ political and economic development spawned, guided, and modified general factors in crisis causation. Broadly viewed, the reasons for financial crises have been recurrent in their form but historically specific in their configuration: causation has always revolved around relatively sudden reversals of investor perceptions of commercial growth, stock market gains, monetary availability, currency stability, and political predictability. The United States’ 19th-century financial crises, which happened in rapid succession, are best described as disturbances tied to market making, nation building, and empire creation. Ongoing changes in America’s financial system aided rapid national growth through the efficient distribution of credit to a spatially and organizationally changing economy. But complex political processes—whether Western expansion, the development of incorporation laws, or the nation’s foreign relations—also underlay the easy availability of credit. The relationship between systemic instability and ideas and ideals of economic growth, politically enacted, was then mirrored in the 19th century. Following the “Golden Age” of crash-free capitalism in the two decades after the Second World War, the recurrence of financial crises in American history coincided with the dominance of the market in statecraft. Banking and other crises were a product of political economy. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2008 not only once again changed the regulatory environment in an attempt to correct past mistakes, but also considerably broadened the discursive situation of financial crises as academic topics.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF SWAP AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER CENTRAL BANKS BY THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Мехти Галиб Мехтиев ◽  
Mekhti Galib Mekhtiev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Reserve System ◽  
Market Rate ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial System ◽  
Reserve System

The present article evaluates history of swap agreements’ application and their functioning system in the framework of intercentral bank relations (in particular by the Federal Reserve System of the United States (the Fed)). Swap includes two transactions: the first is a currency exchange on the spot market rate and the second is a future transaction on the rate defined in advance. This mechanism proved its efficiency within its application through history. In 1970s, during a radical transformation period of an entire global currency architecture caused by collapse of Bretton Woods’s system the Fed applied swap agreements to promote stability on financial markets and particularly on currency markets. Later during the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 these agreements again have become rescue measures for the global financial system, as the financial shock caused liquidity deficit for financial institutions and thus cut dramatically credit supply. And finally nowadays the global financial system is badly in need of swap agreements. The swaps’ force of attraction is that firstly it differs from crediting as the latter is one way currency extension, while swap agreement is the exchange of equivalent values. And secondly it fixes the rate of the future currency transaction what lightens both monetary regulation within national jurisdiction and regulation on the level of public international law.

scholarly journals Bad Biocitizens?: Latinos and the US "Obesity Epidemic"

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Greenhalgh ◽  
Megan Carney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Let's Move

For years now, the United States has faced an "obesity epidemic" that, according to the dominant narrative, is harming the nation by worsening the health burden, raising health costs, and undermining productivity. Much of the responsibility is laid at the foot of Blacks and Latinos, who have higher levels of obesity. Latinos have provoked particular concern because of their rising numbers. Michelle Obama's Let's Move! Campaign is now targeting Latinos. Like the national anti-obesity campaign, it locates the problem in ignorance and calls on the Latino community to "own" the issue and take personal responsibility by embracing healthier beliefs and behaviors. In this article, we argue that this dominant approach to obesity is misguided and damaging because it ignores the political-economic sources of Latino obesity and the political-moral dynamics of biocitizenship in which the issue is playing out. Drawing on two sets of ethnographic data on Latino immigrants and United States-born Latinos in southern California, we show that Latinos already "own" the obesity issue; far from being "ignorant," they are fully aware of the importance of a healthy diet, exercise, and normal weight. What prevents them from becoming properly thin, fit biocitizens are structural barriers associated with migration and assimilation into the low-wage sector of the US economy. Failure to attain the normative body has led them to internalize the identity of bad citizens, assume personal responsibility for their failure, naturalize the conditions for this failure, and feel that they deserve this fate. We argue that the blaming of minorities for the obesity epidemic constitutes a form of symbolic violence that furthers what Berlant calls the "slow death" of structurally vulnerable populations, even as it deepens their health risks by failing to address the fundamental sources of their higher weights.

(I can’t get no) satisfaction: Happiness and successful societies

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan S. Turner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Whereas happiness ( eudaimonia or human flourishing) was fundamental to the classical thought of the Greeks and Romans, as felicitas and beatitudo were to Christianity and a ‘felicific calculus’ to utilitarian philosophers, since Max Weber’s criticism of happiness as a goal of social policy it has largely disappeared from mainstream sociology. The article contrasts Aristotle’s view of eudaimonia from the Nicomachean Ethics, in which a happy/flourishing polis was a necessary condition for happy/flourishing citizens, with contemporary societies in which, while there is much talk about happiness, it is often understood as an individual experience associated with pleasure (and especially with privatized consumption). Happiness studies indicate that happiness cannot be separated from a successful society. Recent data from the United States show how life satisfaction is declining with economic decay. The World Happiness Report of 2015 also helps us to distinguish between societies that recovered quickly from the global financial crisis and those that did not.

“A Change in the Balance of Power”

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Rush Doshi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Chinese Leader ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Balance Of Forces ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Chapter 7 explores the dawn of China’s grand strategy to build regional order as well as the ends, ways, and means of this strategy. Using Party texts, it explores how the shock of the Global Financial Crisis led China to see the United States as weakening and emboldened it to take a more assertive course. It begins with a thorough review of China’s discourse on “multipolarity” and the “international balance of forces,” concepts China uses as euphemisms for US power and which it ties to its strategic guidelines. It then shows that the Party sought to lay the foundations for order—coercion, inducements, and legitimacy—under the auspices of the revised guidance “actively accomplish something” issued by Chinese leader Hu Jintao in 2009. This strategy, like blunting before it, was implemented across multiple instruments of statecraft—military, political, and economic.

scholarly journals The legend of Saint Alan: Larnaudie and Stiegler in the Oversight Committee Room

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Calum Watt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
The Us ◽  
Oversight Committee ◽  
Bernard Stiegler

Ten years on from the 2008 global financial crisis, this article sets in dialogue two French treatments – by the novelist Mathieu Larnaudie and the philosopher Bernard Stiegler – of footage of the 2008 testimony of Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the US Federal Reserve, before the United States House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. The article introduces and compares the concepts of ‘effondrement’ and ‘prolétarisation’ developed by the two writers in relation to the Greenspan hearing, and analyses how both understand the question of ideology as it emerges in the hearing. Informed by interviews conducted by the author with Larnaudie and Stiegler, the piece concludes by discussing the notion common to both writers that Greenspan is a ‘saint’ of the crisis.

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