scholarly journals KANDUNGAN KIMIA DAN SIFAT SERAT ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica) SEBAGAI GAMBARAN BAHAN BAKU PULP DAN KERTAS

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Budi Sutiya
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Stiffness Coefficient ◽  
Chemical Content

Imperata grassland can be found in South Kalimantan in great amount and is known as a nuisance weed plants. The research is conducted to find out reed’s chemical content and its properties to know the description of the nature of the fiber as raw material for pulp and paper. The result of the research shows the water content of Imperata grassland is 97.76%, extractive content is 8.09%, the lignin content is 31.29%; 59.62% of holocellulose, 40.22% of alphacellulose, and 18.40% of pentosan. The second phase of the study of Imperata grassland fiber anatomy have been completed with the results of the fiber diameter is equal to 20 μm; 8.75 μm of lumen diameter, cell wall thickness is 5.65 μm and fiber length is 2.19 mm mm. Value of the derivative dimension of the Imperata grassland fiber obtained as follows: runkel ratio is 1.29; 42.24 (%) of mulstep number, power loom is 109.37, the valueof flexibility is 0.44 and stiffness coefficient is 0.28

scholarly journals ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA DAN SIFAT SERAT TANAMAN PURUN TIKUS (Eleocharis dulcis) ASAL KALIMANTAN SELATAN

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sunardi Sunardi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Stiffness Coefficient ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Chemical Content

Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) is an aquatic plant which grows in greatamount in swamp lands in South Kalimantan. This research is conducted to findout chemical content and fiber properties to know the potential utilization of thisplants. The results showed that the water content of purun tikus plant is 92,68%,extractive in alcohol-benzena content is 9,53%, lignin content is 26.4%; and thecellulose content is 32,62%. The study of purun tikus fiber anatomy have beencompleted with the results of the fiber diameter is equal to 5.89 μm; lumendiameter is 2.68 μm, cell wall thickness is 1.61 μm and fiber length is 1.68 mm.The value of the derivative dimension of purun tikus fiber obtained as follows:runkel ratio is 1.2; mulstep number is 38.4 (%), power loom is 285.45, value offlexibility is 0.45 and stiffness coefficient is 0.27. All results suggested that puruntikus plants offers potential for cellulose and fiber resources.

scholarly journals Analisis Kimia dari Serat Kayu Bangkal (Nauclea officinalis) sebagai Alternatif Bahan Baku Pulp Kertas (Chemical Analysis of Bangkal (Nauclea Officinalis) Wood Fibers as Raw Material Alternative of Pulp & Paper)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Herlina Herlina ◽  
Wiwin Tyas Istikowati, Ph.D. ◽  
Fatriani Fatriani
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Chemical Content

South Kalimantan has considerable natural forests and many types of timber that have not yet been optimally utilized, such as Bangkal tree (Nauclea officinalis). The purpose of this research was to analyze chemical components, dimensional fibers characteristic, and suitability of Bangkal wood as a raw material of pulp and paper. The results obtained from this study revealed that the chemical content of Bangkal wood consisted of 3.00% extractive, 30.00% lignin, 16% hemicellulose, and 50.50% cellulose. The anatomy of Bangkal wood were 1.40 mm in fiber length 1.40 mm, 1.20 μm in fiber diameter, 5.00 μm in lumen diameter, and 3.25 μm in cell wall thickness. Derived fiber values comprised Runkel Ratio (0.43), Power Weaving (66.00), Muhsteph Ratio (99.80%), Coefficient of Rigidity (0.20), and Flexibility Ratio (0.71). Based on the chemical components and quality of Bangkal wood fiber, that wood could be used as a raw material of pulp and paper.

Fiber Morphology of Different Bamboo Species and Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
Nur Musfirah Suhaimi ◽  
Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan ◽  
Rushdan Ibrahim ◽  
Latifah Jasmani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Fiber Morphology

Fiber morphology of 3 species of bamboo namely Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa levis, and Gigantochloa scortechinii at age of 1, 3, and 5 years, was evaluated. It shows that different species of bamboo have different properties in terms of their fiber morphology that consist of fiber length, fiber diameter, and lumen diameter. Fiber diameter, fiber length, and cell wall thickness increased with the increasing of the bamboo age but the lumen diameter decreased when the bamboo gets older. G. levis at age 1 to 3 and G. scortechinii at age 1 have high potential to be the raw materials for the pulp and paper industry.

Conceptual description of the llama fleece structure and the potential of classing and dehairing

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1384-1401
Author(s):  
Lilian I Brodtmann ◽  
Michel H Hick ◽  
Maria F Castillo ◽  
Eduardo N Frank
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Coarse Fibers ◽  
Dissection Method

For an overall description of llama fiber, its fleece structure and differences between fleece types are illustrated schematically, defined through a resumed evaluation, and determined as a compound of different fiber types. A dissection method is described and 252 samples of llama fleeces were dissected forming three fiber groups, within which fine, medium, and coarse fibers are gathered separately and, therefore, a dehairing process is simulated. Taking the group of fine fibers as a reference for the product to be obtained by dehairing, an average dehairing yield of 69% was calculated, which varies depending on the fineness of the fleece. The following fiber attributes were analyzed: fiber diameter, fiber length, crimp frequency, and crimp type. These were evaluated within fiber groups and among fleece types. The process of fleece classing regarding fineness is simulated through successively excluding coarse fleeces when evaluating the results. As a step previous to dehairing, and in order to assemble the most homogenous raw material, the necessity of fleece classing regarding fineness and type was confirmed. Fleece classing regarding fineness including only fleeces with a total mean fiber diameter lower than 28 µm and a subsequent dehairing process resulted in a mean of 21.6 µm for the group of fine fibers, with 96% of the fleeces with a mean fiber diameter of the group of fine fibers lower than 25 µm and 61% lower than 22 µm. We conclude that this segment of fine fibers reflects the potential of llama fiber as a textile raw material.

scholarly journals Pinus halepensis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in Egypt: A comparison between stem and branch properties for pulp and paper making

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7598-7614
Author(s):  
Khaled T. S. Hassan ◽  
El-Sayed A. E. Kandeel ◽  
Ibrahim E. A. Kherallah ◽  
Hosny A. Abou-Gazia ◽  
Fatma M. M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Morphological Indices

The utilization of branchwood as lignocellulosic raw material source for paper production may have the potential of solving the problem of the availability of raw material in the pulp and paper industry. This study therefore compared the chemical composition and fiber morphological indices (according to Franklin’s method) of stemwood and branchwood in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Pinus halepensis trees grown in Egypt. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of species, wood type (stem and branchwood), and their interaction on the measured chemical constituents and fiber morphological indices at 0.05 significance level. In both genera, the stemwood exhibited a higher percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose and was lower in lignin, total extractives, and ash than those measured in branchwood. Also in both genera, the stemwood was higher in fiber length, Runkel ratio, rigidity coefficient, Muhlsteph ratio, and Luce’s shape factor, and lower in basic density and flexibility coefficient than those in branchwood. Based on the chemical analysis and the fiber morphological indices, the stemwood and branchwood of both species were suitable for paper production with various qualities. Moreover, good correlations were found in both stem and branchwood between the basic density and the fiber wall thickness and fiber lumen diameter. ln contrast, there was an independent association between the stemwood basic density and the fiber length, and this relationship in branchwood was positive for both genera.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ORGANOSOLV TREATMENT ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PULP AND PAPER FROM HORSE GRASS (ANDROPOGON TECTORUM).

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Otitoju ◽  
A.O. Ashogbon
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Ethanoic Acid ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Alternative Sources

The delignification of horse grass (HG) was carried out using methanol and water (organosolv pulping); varying the cooking conditions at 30min, 60min and 90min with ratios: 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, Methanol-water, cooked in autoclave at 1050C. The pulp obtained were selected and macerated in equal volume of glacial acetic acid (ethanoic acid) and hydrogen peroxide (1:1) at a temperature 1000C, to investigate the fiber length; fiber diameter; lumen with their derived indices and paper strength properties was determined according to TAPPI standard methods, T 494 om-96. The best fiber length of 3.21mm, tear index 31.43 mN.m2/g, tensile index 97.79Nm/g and bulk index 5.15 kPa.m2/g was obtained at 1:3 methanol: H2O at 105°C with cooking time of 60 min. Therefore, it was established that high quality papers of different grades can be produced from horse grass with acceptable strength properties using low concentration of methanol/water pulping with moderate time at boiling temperature. The research concluded that methanol-water was excellently good for pulping of horse grass fibers. The above results showed that horse grass is a good alternative sources of fibers to produce pulp and paper.

scholarly journals Achievements in the utilization of poplar wood – guideposts for the future

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Balatinecz ◽  
David E. Kretschmann ◽  
André Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Oriented Strandboard ◽  
Structural Composite ◽  
The Future ◽  
Composite Lumber

From an early status as a "weed tree," poplar has become an important commercial genus in North America during the past 20 years. The many and varied uses of poplar wood now include pulp and paper, lumber, veneer, plywood, composite panels, structural composite lumber, containers, pallets, furniture components, match splints and chopsticks. The high cellulose and relatively low lignin content make poplars well suited for pulp and paper products. The wood can be pulped by all commercial pulping methods, such as mechanical, semi-chemical, sulphate and sulphite processes. Poplar pulps are utilized in fine papers, tissues, paperboard, newsprint and packaging papers. Poplar kraft pulps, when blended with softwood kraft, are particularly well suited for fine paper manufacture because of inherently desirable properties, such as excellent sheet formation, high opacity, good bulk and good printability. While poplar wood continues to be an important raw material in the traditional lumber, veneer and plywood industries, the most remarkable recent achievement in poplar utilization is the phenomenal growth of the oriented strandboard and structural composite lumber industries in North America during the last decade. The future for poplar utilization is bright. On the resource production side, opportunities for genetically modifying important wood properties, such as chemical composition, fibre quality and natural durability of wood, can now be realized. On the resource utilization side, high-value engineered composites and high-yield pulp and paper products will represent the strongest growth sectors for poplar fibre during the coming decades. Key words: poplar wood, utilization, pulp and paper, oriented strandboard, fibre properties

scholarly journals Extractives and energetic properties of wood and charcoal

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
Thiago Campos Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Gross Calorific Value

Charcoal production stands out as a raw material for the production of renewable energy. To assess wood quality in energy terms, studies have focused more on the holocellulose and lignin content than on the role of extractives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the extractive content in cold water, in dichloromethane and total on energy properties of wood and charcoal, from six trees species. The extractives were removed with different solvents to be recorded and gross calorific value of wood was determined. The wood was carbonized at 1.67°C/min heating rate until maximum of 450°C and residence time of 30 min. The extractive content was correlated with the gravimetric yield, apparent relative density, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon and gross calorific value of charcoal. The removal of total extractives and extractives soluble in dichloromethane reduced the gross calorific value of wood of most species evaluated. The extractives removed in cold water did not correlate with the parameters of carbonization. The extractives content in dichloromethane correlated with volatile matter, fixed carbon and gross calorific value. Total extractive content correlated with gravimetric yield, apparent relative density and gross calorific value of charcoal.

Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesema Hailu Asrat ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Bachheti ◽  
Mesfin Getachew ◽  
Limenew Abate
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries

Abstract The world demand for paper has been increased due to the increasing population Therefore, to cop up the limited wood fiber resources introducing raw material in pulp and paper industries is necessary. The aims of this study to evaluate the pulp and paper-making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela based on proximate chemical composition, fiber morphology, pulping, bleaching, and physical test of the final product. The results proximate chemical analysis showed that C. decapetela has holocellulose content of 78.14±0.1 % and lignin content 18.0±0.04 %. Fiber morphology revealed that the fibers were 0.708 mm long, 18.63 μm width, and have 5.1 μm cell wall thicknesses. Kraft pulping of C. decapetale, was performed at different active alkali (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 %) and temperature (150, 160 and 170 °C), keeping the sulphidity 25 % constant. The pulp maximum yield 44.1 % was obtained at active alkali content of 15 %, temperature 160 °C, and cooking time 90 minutes. The effect of pulping on fiber morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy which showed the surface of fiber before pulping was tight, orderly arranged and the texture was relatively hard. After pulping, there was the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Due to this fiber become soft loosened and contain micro-pores. Pulp produced was bleached, sheet preparation and testing were performed. The prepared paper sheets have a tensile index of 28.19 Nm/gm, burst index of 1.359 kPa m 2 / gm 1.359\hspace{0.1667em}\text{kPa}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm} , and tear indices of 4.2 mN m 2 / gm 4.2\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mN}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm} . This study concluded C. decapetale can be the new raw material for pulp and paper making industries. However, pilot plant studies are required to check this raw material for the full recommendation of the pulp and paper industries.

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