Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesema Hailu Asrat ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Bachheti ◽  
Mesfin Getachew ◽  
Limenew Abate
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries

Abstract The world demand for paper has been increased due to the increasing population Therefore, to cop up the limited wood fiber resources introducing raw material in pulp and paper industries is necessary. The aims of this study to evaluate the pulp and paper-making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela based on proximate chemical composition, fiber morphology, pulping, bleaching, and physical test of the final product. The results proximate chemical analysis showed that C. decapetela has holocellulose content of 78.14±0.1 % and lignin content 18.0±0.04 %. Fiber morphology revealed that the fibers were 0.708 mm long, 18.63 μm width, and have 5.1 μm cell wall thicknesses. Kraft pulping of C. decapetale, was performed at different active alkali (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 %) and temperature (150, 160 and 170 °C), keeping the sulphidity 25 % constant. The pulp maximum yield 44.1 % was obtained at active alkali content of 15 %, temperature 160 °C, and cooking time 90 minutes. The effect of pulping on fiber morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy which showed the surface of fiber before pulping was tight, orderly arranged and the texture was relatively hard. After pulping, there was the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Due to this fiber become soft loosened and contain micro-pores. Pulp produced was bleached, sheet preparation and testing were performed. The prepared paper sheets have a tensile index of 28.19 Nm/gm, burst index of 1.359 kPa m 2 / gm 1.359\hspace{0.1667em}\text{kPa}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm} , and tear indices of 4.2 mN m 2 / gm 4.2\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mN}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm} . This study concluded C. decapetale can be the new raw material for pulp and paper making industries. However, pilot plant studies are required to check this raw material for the full recommendation of the pulp and paper industries.

Corn Stalk Fiber Material by Chemical Pulping Process for Pulp and Paper Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zawawi Daud ◽  
Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta ◽  
Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff ◽  
Halizah Awang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Chemical Pulping

The agriculture waste material can give benefit to many production industries. The studied crop is corn (Zea Mays) stalk. The objective of this work was to analysis the chemical composition; to study chemical pulping and papermaking properties of corn stalk and; to investigate the fiber morphology of properties of those crops. Firstly, the chemical composition of corn stalk were determined and compared with other non-woods. After that, chemical corn stalk was conducted in this analysis followed the physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that, corn stalk have cellulose (39.0%) and lignin content is the lowest (7.3%) content rather than other composition. In chemical pulping, reached high pulp yields had been produced and the strength properties: tear index, tensile index, burst and fold verified that they were of an acceptable quality for papermaking. This crop morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), which showed a condensed composition of fiber structure. This study can developed a friendly product and promote the green technology, suitable to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry.Keywords: Fiber, Corn stalk, Composition, Green technology, Pulp and paper making.

scholarly journals Potensi Penggunaan Dua Spesies Agave untuk Pembuatan Pulp dan Kertas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Arini Hidayati Jamil ◽  
Heronimus Judi Tjahjono ◽  
Parnidi Parnidi ◽  
Marjani Marjani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Potential of Two Agave Species for Pulp and Paper MakingAbstractBoth of Agave sisalana and A. cantala are the most favorite agave species for fiber producer plant in Indonesia. Nevertheless, research study for using fiber of A. sisalana and A. cantala for pulp and paper purpose is hard to find. This study aims to observe the characteristics of A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers as a raw material of pulp including fiber morphology, chemical components, pulp characteristics, optical and physical properties of the handsheets. The observation of all characters was based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The pulping method used both of soda process with 18% active alkali and kraft process with 18% active alkali and 25% sulfidity. The result of the study for the handsheets from A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers shows that the brightness, dirt, and tear index were fulfilled to SNI standard for NBKP while the tensile index and burst index just fulfilled to SNI standard for LBKP. The handsheet of A. sisalana fiber has a higher tear index, tensile index, and burst index than the A. cantala ones. Soda pulping of both agave species resulting higher pulp yield, cellulose polymerization degrees and physical properties than kraft pulping.Keywords : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, characteristics of the fiber, pulp AbstrakAgave sisalana dan A. cantala merupakan dua spesies agave yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia sebagai tanaman penghasil serat alam. Namun penelitian mengenai fungsi serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas masih sulit ditemukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp yang meliputi morfologi serat, komposisi komponen kimia, karakeristik pulp, sifat optik dan fisik lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan. Pengamatan seluruh karakter dilakukan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Pemasakan menggunakan metode soda dengan alkali aktif 18% dan kraft dengan alkali aktif 18% dan sulfiditas 25%. Hasil pengamatan pada lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan dari serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala menunjukkan bahwa derajat cerah, noda, dan kekuatan sobek memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Pulp Kraft Putih Kayujarum (NBKP) sementara kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan retak memenuhi SNI Pulp Krat Putih Kayudaun (LBKP). Lembaran pulp A. sisalana memiliki kekuatan sobek, tarik, dan retak lebih tinggi dibanding lembaran pulp A. cantala. Metode pemasakan soda pada serat kedua spesies agave tersebut menghasilkan rendemen pulp, derajat polimerisasi selulosa, dan kekuatan fisik lebih baik dibanding metode kraft.Kata kunci : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, karakteristik serat, pulp 

scholarly journals Potential of C. citriodora wood species for kraft pulp production

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Segura ◽  
Francides Da Silva, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Pulp Production

This work characterizes the wood from Corymbia citriodora for pulp production. We evaluated wood chip samples from an 8-year-old C. citriodora plantation. A sample of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla chips from a 7-year-old plantation was used as reference material. Wood fiber morphology and chemical composition were analyzed. A modified kraft pulping was carried out to achieve kappa 18 on brownstock pulps. After that, pulps were oxygen delignified, and then underwent elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching to achieve the target brightness of 90±0.5% ISO. The bleached pulps were refined in a PFI mill at 0, 750, 1500, and 3000 revolutions, and their physical-mechanical properties were analyzed. C. citriodora wood had a relatively high wood basic density (0.568 g/cm³), low lignin content (22.3%), and high holocellulose content (73.1%) compared with E. grandis x E. urophylla. The fibers of this species had 1.07 mm length, 16.1 μm width, and 66% wall fraction, which reflect its high basic density. For the same kappa number, C. citriodora and E. grandis x E. urophylla yields were similar – the main pulping highlight for this wood species is the low specific wood consumption – 2.93 m³/a.d. ton. C. citriodora pulp had a relatively lower kappa number after oxygen delignification and lower bleaching chemical demand than Eucalyptus pulp. C. citriodora pulp had a high specific volume and capillarity, and low water retention value. The physical properties of C. citriodora suggest that it might be suitable for use in tissue paper manufacturing.

Comparison of the wood anatomy and fibers derived from Indonesian Toona sinensis Roem. and Toona sureni Merr

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 4769-4779
Author(s):  
J. Jayusman ◽  
Luthfi Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
Annual Growth Ring ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Physical Features

In terms of their anatomy, there is confusion in differentiating between Toona sinensis (Juss.) Roem. and Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. In order to validate the identification of both species, reconfirmation of the primary character differences is required. The objectives of this study are the reconfirmation of the anatomical properties to confirm their differences and the evaluation of the fiber morphology in terms of pulp and paper raw material quality. The results show that there were differences in the gross physical features of the bark and the color of the wood. The wood color of T. sinensis is red-brown and darker, while T. sureni is white-yellow, leading to the nomenclature red and white surian, respectively. An anatomical view of T. sinensis shows that the annual growth ring has indistinct boundaries as a primary distinguishing anatomical feature, while T. sureni shows that the annual growth ring boundaries are distinct. The annual growth ring allows the establishment of intra-annual past and present structure-function relationships as well as its sensitivity to environmental variability. Based on the results, both species have different anatomical properties, and both species are suitable to be used as a raw material for pulp and paper production.

Reduction of Colour from effluents of Pulp and Paper Industry by Ozonation: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Upendra Prasad Tripathy ◽  
Sunil Kumar Bishoyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries

Pulp and paper making is the major old process industry in India which is water intensive and generates heavy water pollution. Pulp and paper industries are the fifth largest contributor to industrial water pollution. Waste water is generated from each and every section of paper making process and depends upon the type of pulping and bleaching process. Presently, primary and secondary (Biological) treatment systems based on activated sludge process are widely used by paper industry for effluent treatment. The process requires high energy and chemical inputs and involves high operational costs. One of the novel processes for treating effluent is its oxidation through ozonation which is a greener way of degrading pollutants. Ozonation of intermediate stage effluents having high colour load is more effective for industrial application and re-utilization.

scholarly journals Pulp and paper production from oil palm empty fruit bunches: A current direction in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Paper Making

The pulp and paper industry is advanced rapidly since there are many types of raw materials containing cellulose fibres that could be used to produce different kinds of paper by different methods in the mills. In Malaysia, one of the abundant non-wood materials for pulp and paper production is empty fruit bunch (EFB) from the oil palm. The EFB is the main fibrous residue and natural fibre which has promising potential as an alternative to replace woody materials. This study provides insight into the use of EFB as an alternative non-wood fibre resource in pulp and paper making. The potential of oil palm EFB transformed into valuable fibre material was elaborated. In this review, detailed information on the properties of EFB for pulp and paper making process to identify the chemical composition and fibre morphology were discussed. Recent advanced applications including nanocellulose from EFB, polymeric hydrogel, and antimicrobial papers were discussed to demonstrate high commercialization for pulp and paper technology. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been employed due to the high complexity of paper products. The future trends and challenges regarding the use of EFB in pulp and paper making were also reviewed. This study demonstrated that the EFB has met the demand of the market chains as a potential raw material in paper making and manufacturing.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA (DRUMSTICK) WOOD FOR PULP AND PAPER MAKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
ARVIND SHARMA ◽  
GUNJAN DHIMAN ◽  
PRITI S. LAL ◽  
RAVI D. GODIYAL ◽  
BIPIN P. THAPLIYAL
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Optimized Conditions

"Moringa oleifera (drumstick) wood was evaluated in terms of its chemical composition, morphological features, Kraft pulping behavior, ECF bleaching and mechanical strength properties – important parameters for pulp and paper making – in comparison with Acacia mangium. Moringa oleifera was found to have the following composition: holocellulose 65.5%, lignin 20.5%, pentosan 11.6%, -cellulose 40.5% and extractives content of 5.15%, which made it comparable with the Acacia mangium wood sample. The alkali prehydrolysis of Moringa oleifera was carried out using 2% NaOH at 150 °C. The prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) was found to contain 50.9 mg/kg of calcium, 5140 mg/kg of potassium and 312 mg/kg of iron content. The prehydrolysis step was followed by Kraft pulping in order to obtain chemical grade pulp of kappa number 15-16 under optimized conditions. The Moringa oleifera pulp was bleached using the DEpD bleaching sequence to reach 85% brightness (ISO). The bleached pulp had an average fiber length of 1.21 mm, which was higher than that of Acacia mangium – 0.782 mm. The mechanical strength properties of the unbleached and bleached pulps, such as tear, tensile and burst indices, were also determined to show their suitability for pulp and paper production."

Pulping Utilization of Spartina alterniflora (Common Cordgrass) Based on Fiber Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 833-837
Author(s):  
Lan Fang Wu ◽  
Zhi Jie Xu ◽  
Zuo Dond Qin ◽  
Greg Duns ◽  
Ji Shuang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Bamboo Pulp ◽  
Chemical Pulps ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Paper Product

Due to the decline of the world's forest resources, non-wood fiber sources are becoming increasingly important as raw materials in fiber-based industries, One source of such non-wood fiber isS. alterniflora(Common Cordgrass) and related species, which are large-sized grasses, about 1-1.5 m tall, with leaves 20-60 cm in length). These grasses have invaded many coastal areas in China and can result in huge economic losses. Studies have shown that the fiber composition of S. alterniflora is: cellulose 35.9%, hemicellulose 34.2%, lignin 15.9%, ash 2.98%. The length of S. alterniflora fibers, which are shorter and narrower than bamboo fibers, makes it difficult to utilize S. alterniflora in chemical pulps. However, thermomechanical pulping of S. alterniflora stems can be used to prepare pulps which can then be suitably mixed with chemical pulps and used to manufacture a variety of molded pulp products The raw material for the pulp molding products is used S. alterniflora pulp mixing with other chemical pulp like bamboo pulp, off-cuts from the paper making factory, printing factory, corrugated factory and other paper product factories. The pulp molding products can be collected and reused again, which could control the rapid spread invasive species of S. alterniflora effectively. Even if it is abandoned in nature, it will be biodegraded into fertilizer within a few months.

An optimization model for selecting wood supply contracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rahimi ◽  
Mikael Rönnqvist ◽  
Luc LeBel ◽  
Jean-François Audy
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Integer Optimization ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Portfolio Strategies ◽  
Mixed Integer Optimization Model

Procurement for forest companies with pulp and paper mills aims to ensure that a sufficient volume of wood supply enters the production process. Numerous suppliers and contract types are available; however, their selection is a complex decision for procurement managers. In addition, managers typically dedicate a portion of their wood fiber demand to each group of suppliers, which is referred to as a portfolio strategy. Despite the available literature in contract selection, the consideration of contract types and their characteristics have not been addressed for the complex procurement process. In this study, a mixed-integer optimization model is proposed to best select contracts for pulp and paper procurement. The challenge was to plan deliveries in each time period to satisfy the demand of raw material at the mills. The potential of this model is demonstrated with a case study based on characteristics from a forest company in Quebec, Canada. A comparison between traditional fixed and flexible contracts is presented. Different portfolio strategies are also evaluated for groups of suppliers to investigate potential improvements.

scholarly journals Achievements in the utilization of poplar wood – guideposts for the future

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Balatinecz ◽  
David E. Kretschmann ◽  
André Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Oriented Strandboard ◽  
Structural Composite ◽  
The Future ◽  
Composite Lumber

From an early status as a "weed tree," poplar has become an important commercial genus in North America during the past 20 years. The many and varied uses of poplar wood now include pulp and paper, lumber, veneer, plywood, composite panels, structural composite lumber, containers, pallets, furniture components, match splints and chopsticks. The high cellulose and relatively low lignin content make poplars well suited for pulp and paper products. The wood can be pulped by all commercial pulping methods, such as mechanical, semi-chemical, sulphate and sulphite processes. Poplar pulps are utilized in fine papers, tissues, paperboard, newsprint and packaging papers. Poplar kraft pulps, when blended with softwood kraft, are particularly well suited for fine paper manufacture because of inherently desirable properties, such as excellent sheet formation, high opacity, good bulk and good printability. While poplar wood continues to be an important raw material in the traditional lumber, veneer and plywood industries, the most remarkable recent achievement in poplar utilization is the phenomenal growth of the oriented strandboard and structural composite lumber industries in North America during the last decade. The future for poplar utilization is bright. On the resource production side, opportunities for genetically modifying important wood properties, such as chemical composition, fibre quality and natural durability of wood, can now be realized. On the resource utilization side, high-value engineered composites and high-yield pulp and paper products will represent the strongest growth sectors for poplar fibre during the coming decades. Key words: poplar wood, utilization, pulp and paper, oriented strandboard, fibre properties

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