scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ORGANOSOLV TREATMENT ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PULP AND PAPER FROM HORSE GRASS (ANDROPOGON TECTORUM).

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Otitoju ◽  
A.O. Ashogbon
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Ethanoic Acid ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Alternative Sources

The delignification of horse grass (HG) was carried out using methanol and water (organosolv pulping); varying the cooking conditions at 30min, 60min and 90min with ratios: 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, Methanol-water, cooked in autoclave at 1050C. The pulp obtained were selected and macerated in equal volume of glacial acetic acid (ethanoic acid) and hydrogen peroxide (1:1) at a temperature 1000C, to investigate the fiber length; fiber diameter; lumen with their derived indices and paper strength properties was determined according to TAPPI standard methods, T 494 om-96. The best fiber length of 3.21mm, tear index 31.43 mN.m2/g, tensile index 97.79Nm/g and bulk index 5.15 kPa.m2/g was obtained at 1:3 methanol: H2O at 105°C with cooking time of 60 min. Therefore, it was established that high quality papers of different grades can be produced from horse grass with acceptable strength properties using low concentration of methanol/water pulping with moderate time at boiling temperature. The research concluded that methanol-water was excellently good for pulping of horse grass fibers. The above results showed that horse grass is a good alternative sources of fibers to produce pulp and paper.

Fiber Morphology of Different Bamboo Species and Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
Nur Musfirah Suhaimi ◽  
Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan ◽  
Rushdan Ibrahim ◽  
Latifah Jasmani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Fiber Morphology

Fiber morphology of 3 species of bamboo namely Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa levis, and Gigantochloa scortechinii at age of 1, 3, and 5 years, was evaluated. It shows that different species of bamboo have different properties in terms of their fiber morphology that consist of fiber length, fiber diameter, and lumen diameter. Fiber diameter, fiber length, and cell wall thickness increased with the increasing of the bamboo age but the lumen diameter decreased when the bamboo gets older. G. levis at age 1 to 3 and G. scortechinii at age 1 have high potential to be the raw materials for the pulp and paper industry.

scholarly journals Paper strength improvement by inclusion of nano-lignocellulose to Chemi-thermomechanical pulp

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinke H. Osong ◽  
Sven Norgren ◽  
Per Engstrand
Keyword(s):  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Air Resistance ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Pulp Fibres ◽  
Sheet Density

Abstract So far, chemical pulp fibres have been utilized as conventional stock materials for nanocellulose production. The main aim of this work is to use stock materials from mechanical or chemi-thermomechanical pulping process to produce lignin containing nanofibres, which are referred to as nano-ligno-cellulose (NLC) in this study. The present study shows the influence on handsheets of chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) fibres blended with NLC. For comparison reasons, nanocellulose (NC) from bleached kraft pulp (BKP) was produced in a similar approach as NLC. Both the NLC and the NC were blended with their respective pulp fibres and their corresponding handsheets properties were evaluated with respect to sheet density. It was found that the handsheets of pulp fibres blended with NLC/NC improved the mechanical properties of handsheets with only a slight effect in relation to the sheet density. Improvements in strength properties of handsheets such as z-strength, tensile index, tear index, burst index, Emodulus, strain at break, tensile stiffness, air resistance were observed.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK PULP KIMIA MEKANIS DARI KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) UNTUK KERTAS LAINER

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy Kardiansyah ◽  
Susi Sugesty
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Virgin Pulp ◽  
Kenaf Bast ◽  
Crush Strength

Liner paper is commonly used for packaging because of its high bursting and ring crush strength. To meet these properties, liner paper strength relies on about 10-40% content of NUKP (Needle Unbleached Kraft Pulp). Currently, Indonesia does not produce NUKP, so it must be imported and the price is expensive. Liners paper in Indonesia is usually made from waste paper (old corrugated containers) that has unacceptable strength properties. To improve the strength properties, virgin pulp should be used. This study aimed to make virgin pulp from kenaf by chemimechanical process. Its physical strength was tested as a NUKP substitute. The results show that Kenaf mechanical pulp from Kenaf bast treated by using 6% sodium hydroxide solution fulfills the NUKP specifications according to SNI- 6106-1999, i.e. a fiber length of 4.24 mm, a freeness of 760 mL CSF, a tensile index of 66.54 Nm/g, a burst index of 5.72 kPam2/g, and a tear index of 18.09 mNm2/g.Keywords: nonwood, chemimechanical pulp, kenaf, bast, core  ABSTRAK Kertas lainer merupakan kertas industri yang digunakan untuk kemasan, dengan sifat ketahanan retak dan ketahanan tekan lingkar (ring crush) yang tinggi. Untuk mendapatkan kedua sifat tersebut maka biasanya kekuatan kertas lainer bertumpu pada penggunaan NUKP (pulp kraft serat panjang belum putih) dengan proporsi sekitar 10 – 40%. Saat ini Indonesia tidak memproduksi NUKP sehingga kebutuhan NUKP harus diimpor dan harganya mahal. Kertas lainer di Indonesia pada saat ini hampir semuanya dibuat dari karton bekas, disamping itu pengolahan karton bekas memiliki masalah pada kekuatan lembaran. Jika pembuatan karton menggunakan serat asli (virgin pulp), maka masalah kekuatan lembaran dapat diatasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pulp dari Kenaf dengan proses kimia mekanis. Bahan baku nonkayu yaitu kenaf dibuat pulp mekanis dengan menggunakan proses Chemimechanical Pulp (CMP). Selanjutnya pulp mekanis yang diperoleh diuji kekuatan fisiknya untuk melihat potensinya sebagai pulp NUKP. Pulp mekanis kenaf yang berasal dari kulit kenaf dengan penggunaan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) 6% telah memenuhi spesifikasi pulp NUKP sesuai dengan SNI 6106-1999, yaitu panjang serat 4,24 mm, freeness 760 mL CSF, indeks tarik 66,54 Nm/g, indeks retak 5,72 kPam2/g dan indeks sobek 18,09 mNm2/g.Kata kunci: non kayu, pulp kimia mekanis, kenaf, kulit, batang tanpa kulit

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN KIMIA DAN SIFAT SERAT ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica) SEBAGAI GAMBARAN BAHAN BAKU PULP DAN KERTAS

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Budi Sutiya
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Stiffness Coefficient ◽  
Chemical Content

Imperata grassland can be found in South Kalimantan in great amount and is known as a nuisance weed plants. The research is conducted to find out reed’s chemical content and its properties to know the description of the nature of the fiber as raw material for pulp and paper. The result of the research shows the water content of Imperata grassland is 97.76%, extractive content is 8.09%, the lignin content is 31.29%; 59.62% of holocellulose, 40.22% of alphacellulose, and 18.40% of pentosan. The second phase of the study of Imperata grassland fiber anatomy have been completed with the results of the fiber diameter is equal to 20 μm; 8.75 μm of lumen diameter, cell wall thickness is 5.65 μm and fiber length is 2.19 mm mm. Value of the derivative dimension of the Imperata grassland fiber obtained as follows: runkel ratio is 1.29; 42.24 (%) of mulstep number, power loom is 109.37, the valueof flexibility is 0.44 and stiffness coefficient is 0.28

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

A novel predictive method for filler coflocculation with cellulose microfibrils

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 653-664
Author(s):  
IGNACIO DE SAN PIO ◽  
KLAS G. JOHANSSON ◽  
PAUL KROCHAK
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Reflectance Measurement ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Complete Study

Different strategies aimed at reducing the negative impact of fillers on paper strength have been the objective of many studies during the past few decades. Some new strategies have even been patented or commercialized, yet a complete study on the behavior of the filler flocs and their effect on retention, drainage, and formation has not been found in literature. This type of research on fillers is often limited by difficulties in simulating high levels of shear at laboratory scale similar to those at mill scale. To address this challenge, a combination of techniques was used to compare preflocculation (i.e., filler is flocculated before addition to the pulp) with coflocculation strategies (i.e., filler is mixed with a binder and flocculated before addition to the pulp). The effect on filler and fiber flocs size was studied in a pilot flow loop using focal beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and image analysis. Flocs obtained with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and bentonite were shown to have similar shear resistance with both strategies, whereas cationic starch (CS) was clearly more advantageous when coflocculation strategy was used. The effect of flocculation strategy on drainage rate, STFI formation, ash retention, and standard strength properties was measured. Coflocculation of filler with CPAM plus bentonite or CS showed promising results and produced sheets with high strength but had a negative impact on wire dewatering, opening a door for further optimization.

scholarly journals Edible Insects: Preliminary Study about Perceptions, Attitudes, and Knowledge on a Sample of Portuguese Citizens

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Sofia G. Florença ◽  
Paula M. R. Correia ◽  
Cristina A. Costa ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Alternative Sources

This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, consumption habits, and degree of acceptability of edible insects (EI) or derived products among Portuguese consumers. This work consisted of a questionnaire survey, undertaken on a sample of 213 participants. For the treatment of data, basic descriptive statistics were used, complemented with chi-square tests to assess some associations between categorical variables. Moreover, a tree classification analysis was carried out using a classification and regression tree (CRT) algorithm with cross-validation. The results indicated that people tend to have correct perceptions about the sustainability issues associated with the use of insects as alternative sources of protein; however, the level of knowledge and overall perception about their nutritive value is low. Regarding the consumption of EI, it was found that only a small part of the participants had already eaten them, doing it mostly abroad, by self-initiative, in a restaurant or at a party or event. Additionally, it was found that the reluctance to consume insects is higher if they are whole, but when they are transformed into ingredients used in food formulations, the level of acceptance increases. Furthermore, men have shown to have a better perception about EI, be more informed about sustainability, and have a higher level of acceptability when compared to women. As a final conclusion, it was observed that the Portuguese still show some resistance to adhere to the use of insects as replacements for meat products, but the market of insect based products can be a good alternative to overpass the neophobia associated with this type of food.

Optimization of chemical and enzymatic deinking of photocopier waste paper

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Pathak ◽  
Nishi K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Ajay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Better Than

The utilization of post-consumer papers in the production of new paper products is increasing all over the world in recent years. Recycling of photocopier paper is a major problem due to difficulty in removal of non-impact ink. Enzymes offer potential advantages in ecofriendly deinking of recovered paper. In this study the deinking of photocopier paper was examined using chemicals and a commercial cellulase enzyme. Parameters of deinking experiments were optimized for hydrapulping. The ink was removed by flotation and washing processes. Then these parameters were compared in terms of ink removal ability of the process, as well as optical and strength properties of the deinked paper. The application of enzymatic deinking improved ink removal efficiency by 24.6% and freeness by 21.6% with a reduction in drainage time of 11.5% in comparison to those obtained with chemical deinking. The physical properties, namely burst index and tensile index, were observed to improve by 15.3% and 2.7%, respectively and brightness and tear index decreased by 2.1% and 21.9%, respectively. Results of deinking efficiency of photocopier paper showed that the enzyme used in the present work performed better than the conventional chemicals used for deinking.

Action Mechanism of the Improvement of Printability for Eucalypt Bleached Kraft Pulp Pretreated by Cellulase

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Wan You Tang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Zheng Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Pulp Sample ◽  
The Mean

Enzymatic refining of eucalypt bleached kraft pulp with the cellulase NOV476 was studied. The effects of this cellulase on the physical properties of pulp, fiber morphology and fiber appearance of the eucalypt bleached kraft pulp in different application conditions were discussed. The results show that, with the increase in the amount of enzyme, tensile strength index, burst index and TEA index of paper are increased and then decreased; elongation and tear index of paper have been declining, Zeeil tensile strength index has been an upward trend. Without beating the pulp sample, gradually increases as the amount of enzyme, the average fiber length and the average fiber width are gradually reduced, while mean kink index substantially constant. Number of vessels in fiber overall reduced tendency reaches a minimum in the amount of enzyme 0.5μ/g, the phenomenon is most obvious. In the same conditions of beating time, gradually increases as the amount of enzyme, the average fiber length is gradually reduced, an average fiber width is gradually increased, the mean kink index reaches a maximum in the amount of enzyme is 0.5μ/g. Number of vessels in fiber overall reduced trend.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Lakase pada Proses Refining Pulp

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Hendro Risdianto ◽  
Sonny Kurnia Wirawan ◽  
Susi Sugesty
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Acacia Crassicarpa

Refining merupakan proses untuk memodifikasi serat dengan tujuan meningkatkan ikatan serat dan mengembangkan kekuatan kertas. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan meliputi penentuan kondisi refining dengan PFI Mill dan penentuan kondisi perlakuan awal lakase yang selanjutnya akan diterapkan pada proses biorefining. Jumlah putaran 2500 dari PFI mill merupakan jumlah yang optimum untuk menghasilkan kekuatan pulp Acacia crassicarpa. Sedangkan hasil penelitian kondisi optimum lakase menunjukkan bahwa lakase memiliki laju reaksi yang paling tinggi (0,0018 mM/s) pada suhu 50°C. Pada proses refining, freeness awal pulp adalah sekitar 550 mL CSF, dan ketika dikenakan perlakuan lakase turun menjadi 515 (LMS1) dan 520 (LMS2). Refining pulp tanpa perlakuan enzim menghasilkan indeks tarik, retak dan sobek berturut-turut adalah 6,4.10-2 kNm/g, 5,18 kPa.m2/g, dan 5,96 mN.m2/g. Indeks sobek tidak mengalami perubahan signifikan pada semua perlakuan. Perlakuan LMS1 meningkatkan indeks tarik menjadi 6,83 kNm/g dan indeks sobek menjadi 7,53 mN.m2/g. Indeks tarik dan sobek pada LMS2 menurun dibandingkan LMS1, namun masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa perlakuan. Dengan demikian perlakuan lakase pada proses refining dapat meningkatkan indeks tarik dan indeks sobek lembaran.Laccase Application in Pulp Refining Process AbstractRefining is a process to modify fibers with the aim of increasing fiber bonds and developing paper strength. The research that has been done includes determining the refining conditions with PFI Mill and determining the conditions of pretreatment of laccase which will then be applied to the biorefining process. The PFI mill revolutions of 2500 is the optimum to produce the strength of the Acacia crassicarpa pulp. Whereas the results of the study showed that optimum laccase conditions showed that laccase had the highest reaction rate (0.0018 mM/s) at 50oC. In the refining process, the initial freeness of the pulp is around 550 mL CSF, and when subjected to laccase treatment it drops to 515 (LMS1) and 520 (LMS2). Refining the pulp without enzyme treatment produced tensile, bursting and tearing indexes of 6.4.10-2 kNm/g, 5.18 kPa.m2/g, and 5.96 mN.m2/g, respectively. The tear index did not change significantly in all treatments. The LMS1 treatment increased the tensile index to 6.83 kNm/g and the tear index to 7.53 mN.m2/g. The tensile and tear index in LMS2 decreased compared to LMS1, but it was still higher than without treatment. Thus, laccase treatment in the refining process can increase the tensile index and tear indexof the sheet.  

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