scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL HORTONUNTUK KUANTIFIKASI INFILTRASI TEGAKAN KARET DI DAS MALUKA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifuddin Kadir ◽  
Badaruddin Badaruddin ◽  
Yunisa Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Rate Capacity

DAS Maluka seluas 89.506,19 Ha terdapat sub DAS Banyu Irang dan sub DAS Bati Bati serta secara administrasi tersebar di 3 kabupaten/kota yaitu Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kabupaten Banjar dan Kota Banjarbaru Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. DAS Maluka didominasi kekritisan lahan agak kritis 63%, kelerengan lereng didominasi tingkat kelerengan 0-8% 79,88%, tutupan lahan didominasi tutupan lahan perkebunan 17,91%, Kerusakan lingkungan di DAS Maluka telah menjadi keprihatinan banyak pihak, hal ini ditandai dengan meningkatnya bencana alam yang dirasakan, seperti bencana banjir, tanah longsor dan kekeringan yang semakin meningkat. Rendahnya kapasitas infiltrasi sebaliknya tingginya Surface run off  penyebab utama terjadinya bencana alam yang terkait dengan tata air. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Horton yang bertujuan mengetahui infiltrasi terhadap berbagai kelas umur tegakan karet (Hevea brasiliensis). Metode penelitian menggunakan doubel ring infiltrometer pada kelas umur 4 tahun, 8 tahun dan 12 tahun. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa:1) Kapasitas infiltrasi 96,906 mm/jam, 103,981 mm/jam dan 104,651 mm/jam; 2) volume infiltrasi sebesar 93,432 m3,  95,945 m3, 591 m3; 3) semakin tinggi kelas umur tegakan karet semakin tinggi laju, kapasitas dan volume infitrasi. Kata kunci : infiltrasi, surface run off , vegetasi tegakan karet.  The Maluka watershed covers an area of 89,506.19 Ha, there are the Banyu Irang sub-watershed and the Bati Bati sub-watershed and are administratively spread across 3 regencies / cities, namely Tanah Laut Regency, Banjar Regency and Banjarbaru City South Kalimantan Province. The Maluka watershed is dominated by criticality of the rather critical land 63%, the slope is dominated by the slope level of 0-8% 79.88%, land cover is dominated by plantation land cover 17.91%, environmental damage in the Maluka watershed has become a concern of many parties, this is indicated by increasing perceived natural disasters, such as floods, landslides and increasing drought. The low infiltration capacity, on the other hand, is the high Surface run off, the main cause of natural disasters related to water management. This study uses the Horton model that aims to determine infiltration of various age groups of rubber stands (Hevea brasiliensis). The research method uses a doubel ring infiltrometer in the age class of 4 years, 8 years and 12 years. The results showed that: 1) Infiltration capacity of 96,906 mm / hour, 103,981 mm / hour and 104,651 mm/ hour; 2) infiltration volume of 93,432 m3, 95,945 m3, 591 m3; 3) the higher the age of rubber stand age, the higher the rate, capacity and volume of inflation. Keywords: infiltration, surface run off and rubber stand vegetation.

Groundwater recharge and groundwater water resources under present and future climate over the Pyrenees (France, Spain, Andorre)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Caballero ◽  
Sandra Lanini ◽  
Pierre Le Cointe ◽  
Stéphanie Pinson ◽  
Guillaume Hevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Effective Precipitation ◽  
Potential Groundwater

<p>Climate change is expected to have a significant impact on water resources in mountain areas, as it is the case of the Pyrenees range between France, Spain and Andorre. Independently of future changes on rainfall patterns, global temperature rise is likely to provoke larger and earlier snowmelt, and enhanced precipitation deficits during the dry summer season. Exploring the impacts of this future situation on groundwater is essential, as this resource is often important for drinking water, irrigation and breeding uses in mountain regions. However, studies on groundwater recharge in the context of climate change are relatively scarce, as compared to studies focusing on surface water resources.</p><p>We assessed potential groundwater recharge (part of effective precipitation that infiltrates and potentially reach the aquifers) over the Pyrenean range in the framework of the PIRAGUA project, a collaborative multi-national effort funded by the EU’s Interreg POCTEFA program. Based on a gridded (5x5 km²) meteorological dataset derived from observational data by the CLIMPY project, we estimated effective precipitation for each grid cell using a conceptual water balance scheme. The effect of the seasonal change of land cover / land use (based on the Corine Land Cover dataset) on the water budget model has been assessed, and showed the need to include this component for a more accurate simulation. Based on a spatial characterization of the land infiltration capacity, the potential groundwater recharge has been computed for homogeneous groundwater bodies. Results have been compared to the outputs of groundwater models applied on selected karstic catchments using the BALAN code, and to a general knowledge of groundwater recharge rates for different regions within the study zone. Finally, climate change impacts on future IDPR have been explored using scenarios provided by the CLIMPY project.</p><p>The Pyrenees range is a hot-spot for water resources with a tremendous impact over a much broader region in SW Europe, as Pyrenean rivers are fundamental contributors to large systems such as those of the Adour and Garonne (France) or Ebro (Spain), as well as smaller systems in the western and eastern sectors such as the Bidasoa (Spanish Basque Country), Llobregat-Ter-Muga (Catalonia), or Têt-Tech-Aude (France). Our results are relevant for the planning and management of water resources for this important transboundary region in the future, as changes in groundwater recharge will also affect water resources availability.</p><p>Acknowledgments: the project PIRAGUA, is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain France Andorra programme (POCTEFA 2014-2020).</p>

Stand age-related effects on soil respiration in rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis ) in southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbo Gao ◽  
Yiping Zhang ◽  
Qinghai Song ◽  
Youxing Lin ◽  
Ruiwu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Seasonal streamflow forecasts for Europe – Part I: Hindcast verification with pseudo- and real observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3453-3472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Greuell ◽  
Wietse H. P. Franssen ◽  
Hester Biemans ◽  
Ronald W. A. Hutjes
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Roc Area

Abstract. Seasonal predictions of river flow can be exploited among others to optimise hydropower energy generation, navigability of rivers and irrigation management to decrease crop yield losses. This paper is the first of two papers dealing with a physical model-based system built to produce probabilistic seasonal hydrological forecasts, applied here to Europe. This paper presents the development of the system and the evaluation of its skill. The variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrological model is forced with bias-corrected output of ECMWF's seasonal forecast system 4. For the assessment of skill, we analysed hindcasts (1981–2010) against a reference run, in which VIC was forced by gridded meteorological observations. The reference run was also used to generate initial hydrological conditions for the hindcasts. The skill in run-off and discharge hindcasts is analysed with monthly temporal resolution, up to 7 months of lead time, for the entire annual cycle. Using the reference run output as pseudo-observations and taking the correlation coefficient as metric, hot spots of significant theoretical skill in discharge and run-off were identified in Fennoscandia (from January to October), the southern part of the Mediterranean (from June to August), Poland, northern Germany, Romania and Bulgaria (mainly from November to January), western France (from December to May) and the eastern side of Great Britain (January to April). Generally, the skill decreases with increasing lead time, except in spring in regions with snow-rich winters. In some areas some skill persists even at the longest lead times (7 months). Theoretical skill was compared to actual skill as determined with real discharge observations from 747 stations. Actual skill is generally substantially less than theoretical skill. This effect is stronger for small basins than for large basins. Qualitatively, the use of different skill metrics (correlation coefficient; relative operating characteristics, ROC, area; and ranked probability skill score, RPSS) leads to broadly similar spatio-temporal patterns of skill, but the level of skill decreases, and the area of skill shrinks, in the following order: correlation coefficient; ROC area below-normal (BN) tercile; ROC area above-normal (AN) tercile; ranked probability skill score; and, finally, ROC near-normal (NN) tercile.

scholarly journals A Calculation and Compiling Models of Land Cover Quality Index 2019 uses the Geographic Information System in Pariaman City, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6406-6411
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Director General ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Forest Region

The purpose of calculation and compiling the Land Cover Quality Index (LCQI) is to evaluate the value of natural and environmental resources based on land cover conditions in an administrative region such as city, regency and province in Indonesia referring to the Regulation Director General of Pollution Control and Environmental Damage Number P.1/PPKL/PKLA.4/2018. The analytical method used in the calculation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Maximum likelihood classification approach, and the preparation of LCQI calculation methods based on 1) sufficiency area (forest region) and forest cover at minimal 30% on rivers and islands; 2) Ability and suitability of land minimal 25%; and 3) a link with the direction of land use in urban areas of at minimal 30%. The results showed the vegetation density index value in Pariaman city was classified as a good category with a value of 0.474903 μm, the results of a land cover classification in Pariaman City with the largest region are found in mixed gardens land of 2,736.57 ha or 37%. Whereas the smallest region is found in cypress vegetation land as a greenbelt at the coastal border 12.06 ha or 0,16%. and the results of the LCQI calculation indicate the LCQI value in 2019 (24,06) which is in the alert classification (<50). The increase in land cover outside the forest region is mainly directed at increasing green open space because Pariaman City does not have natural forest which are vulnerable to changes in land cover because of its high population density

scholarly journals The Run Off and Erosion on Eucalyptus Plantation Pt. Toba Pulp Lestari Aek Nauli Sector Simalungun District

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Tioner Purba ◽  
Sutrisno .
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Rain Events

This study aims to determine the amount of surface flow and the amount of erosion on vacant land and stands of Eucalyptus ages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years in HTI PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, Aek Nauli sector. Observations dilakukan runoff and erosion measurements using runoff and erosion at each rain event system by observation of small plots measuring 22 x 4 m2 installed on each land cover  circumstances. The state of each plot research is in the area of ​​vacant land, stands of age class 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years, with 9% slope. The number of plots a total of 6 plots. And surface flow measurement is done by measuring the volume of water in the drum. Observations magnitude of runoff and sedimentation performed every 2 months during rain events. The results showed that the surface flow field measurement results showed variation and change in vacant land and a variety of ages eucalyptus. Lowest runoff occurs in the plot of land cover Eucalyptus age 1 year and highest in plots of land cover Eucalyptus age 2 years. The highest erosion rates occurred in plots of vacant land and is followed by a decrease in the Age of Eucalyptus 1,2,3,4 and 5 years.  

scholarly journals Seasonal streamflow forecasts for Europe – Part 2: Sources of skill

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Greuell ◽  
Wietse H. P. Franssen ◽  
Ronald W. A. Hutjes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Streamflow Prediction ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Run Off

Abstract. This paper uses hindcasts (1981–2010) to investigate the sources of skill in seasonal hydrological forecasts for Europe. The hindcasts were produced with WUSHP (Wageningen University Seamless Hydrological Prediction system). Skill was identified in a companion paper. In WUSHP, hydrological processes are simulated by running the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model forced with an ensemble of bias-corrected output from the seasonal forecast system 4 (S4) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). We first analysed the meteorological forcing. The precipitation forecasts contain considerable skill for the first lead month but hardly any significant skill at longer lead times. Seasonal forecasts of temperature have more skill. Skill in summer temperature is related to climate change and is more or less independent of lead time. Skill in February and March is unrelated to climate change. Different sources of skill in hydro-meteorological variables were isolated with a suite of specific hydrological hindcasts akin to ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP). These hindcasts show that in Europe, initial conditions of soil moisture (SM) form the dominant source of skill in run-off. From April to July, initial conditions of snow contribute significantly to the skill. Some remarkable skill features are due to indirect effects, i.e. skill due to forcing or initial conditions of snow and soil moisture at an earlier stage is stored in the hydrological state (snow and/or soil moisture) of a later stage, which then contributes to persistence of skill. Skill in evapotranspiration (ET) originates mostly in the meteorological forcing. For run-off we also compared the full hindcasts (with S4 forcing) with two types of ESP (or ESP-like) hindcasts (with identical forcing for all years). Beyond the second lead month, the full hindcasts are less skilful than the ESP (or ESP-like) hindcasts, because inter-annual variations in the S4 forcing consist mainly of noise which enhances degradation of the skill.

Spatio-temporal variation of net primary productivity in a rapidly expanding artificial woodland area based on remote-sensing data

Erdkunde ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Qi Yi ◽  
Yuting Gao ◽  
Hongrong Du ◽  
Junxu Chen ◽  
Liang Emlyn Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The expansion of artificial woodlands in China has contributed significantly to regional land-cover changes and changes in the regional net primary productivity (NPP). This study used Ximeng County in the Yunnan Province as a case study to investigate the overall changes, associated amplitude, and spatio-temporal distribution of NPP from 2000–2015.The Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach was used in the rapidly expanding artificial woodland area based on MODIS-NDVI data, meteorological data, and Landsat 5 TM data to calculate the NPP. The results show that (1) artificial woodlands experience a 10fold increase and account for 93 % of the land cover transfer, which was mainly from woodland areas. (2) The NPP was 906.2×109 gC·yr-1 in 2000 and 972.0×109 gC·yr-1 in 2015, presenting a total increase of 65.8×109 gC·yr-1 and a mean increase of 52.4 gC·m-2·yr-1 in Ximeng County. (3) The most notable NPP changes take place in the central and the western border regions, with the increasing NPP of artificial woodlands and arable land offsetting the negative effects of the decrease in woodland NPP. (4) The total NPP in the study area kept increasing, primarily due to the growing area of artificial woodlands as well as the stand age of the woods, whereas the mean value change of the NPP is mostly related to the increasing stand age. (5) The artificial woodlands increase the NPP value more than natural woodlands. While protecting and promoting ecologically valuable natural forests at the same time, it seems quite advantageous to establish regional plantations and coordinate their development on a scientific basis with a view to increasing NPP, economic development, but also the ecological stability of this mountain region. Our study reveals the changes in NPP and its distribution in a rapidly expanding area of artificial woodland in southwest China based on remote-sensing data and the CASA model, providing a decision-making basis for rational land-use management, the optimal utilization of land resources, and a county-scale assessment approach.

scholarly journals Dependence between infiltration capacity and karst processes in river catchments

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Zinoviy Iofin
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Empirical Dependence ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Run Off ◽  
River Catchments ◽  
Karst Processes

The article shows the empirical dependence between the cavern volume filled with water and infiltration capacity. This dependence makes it possible to estimate how karst influences infiltration capacity and run-off and water balance as well.

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